2026版正禾一本通高三一轮总复习英语（北师版）-(二)命题超重点-常规选材说明文之结构灵活类

(二)命题超重点——常规选材说明文之结构灵活类eq\a\vs4\al(满分：37.5分；限时：20分钟)[考情速递]高考七选五的选材通常以说明文为主，但随着命题难度的增加，所选语篇的文本结构越来越灵活，非列条式说明文、结构松散式说明文等。解题时要格外注意。A(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)(2025·苏锡常镇高三调研)Ifyouaretryingtoassessaperson'scharacter,makesureyoudonotrelyheavilyonfactorsthatcanbemisleading.Instead,observetheindividual'sabilitytotellthetruthandtocommit.1.Youcantellalotaboutaperson'scharacterbyobservinghowhetreatsotherpeople.2.Itmaybedifficulttoactuallyseehowhetreatsdifferenttypesofpeopleifyouonlyencounterhiminasingleenvironment,suchastheworkplace.Itisoftenpossible,however,togetsomeideaofhismannerofinteractionwithdifferenttypesofpeoplethroughconversationwithhim.Whetherornotapersonishonestsaysalotabouthischaracter.Theattitudeapersonhasabouthonestycanalsoindicatewhattypeofpersonheis.3.Tosomedegreethetypesoflieshemaytellandhismotivesfordoingsomatter.4．Theword“commitment”oftencausespeopletoinstantlythinkofcloserelationships.Whetherapersoncanrespectthevows(誓约)andagreementsisusuallyanindicationofthecharacter.Aperson'scharacterisaffectedbyhisattitude.5.Attitudecanaffectmanyaspectsofaperson'slife,includinghowhardheworksandhisabilitytobesupportiveofothers.Whenyouaretryingtoassesssomeone'scharacter,rememberthatitconsistsofqualitiesandhabitsthatformhisidentity.A．Moreimportantly,it'snecessarytocontinuehisinnerstruggle.B．Thelevelofcommitmentindicatesthetypeofcharacterhehas.C．Therearemanyotherthingsinlifethatmayrequirecommitment.D．Theseincludebothpeopleheknowsandpeoplehedoesnotknow.E．Also，payattentiontohisattitudeandtrytodistinguishhowitimpactshislife.F．Observetheperson'sconversationsandtrytodeterminehowoftenhetellslies.G．Somepeoplegenerallyhaveanegativeoutlookwhileothersmaytrytobepositiveevenindifficultsituations.B(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)(2025·武汉高中毕业生四月调研)Howtochargeanelectricvehicle(EV)isoneofthebiggestconcernspeoplehavewhenworkingoutwhethergoingelectricisrightforthem.Itistruethatsometimesgainingaccesstoreliablechargingcanseemabittricky.1.．First,downloadanappwithacomprehensivemapofthepublicchargingpointsshowingtheirlocations,howpowerfultheyare,andwhetherthey'reworking.Allthisisvitalinformationbecause,evenifyouhavepublicchargingpointsnearby,youwillneedalternativesincasetheyareinuse.2.．AgrowingnumberofpropertyownersarerentingouttheirchargingpointsanddrivewaystootherlocalEVdriverswhenthey'renotusingthem.3.．Thus,yourcargetscharged,theownersmakemoney,andemissionsarereduced.4．．Forexample,whenyourcarisrunningoutofjuice,you'djustpulluptoabattery­changestationfromyourcarbrandandsitinthecarwhileafullychargedunitischangedin.TheChineseEVbrandNiodoesthis,butisn'tavailableintheUKasyet.Fornow,ifchargingaccessremainsdifficultforyou,it'sstillpossibletogoelectric—inpart.5.．Manyhybrid(混合的)carsarenowgoodfor50milesofelectricrunningbeforeyouneedtousetheengine.So,ifmostofyourdrivingislocal,youmightonlyneedtofindachargeronceortwiceaweek,whileyouhavethebackupofafuelengineforlongjourneys.A．ButitmaybeeasierthanyouthinkB．ItactuallyworkedoutmuchcheaperC．TherearealsootherinnovativewaystogetyourEVgoingD．Aplug­inEVcombinesapetrolenginewithasmallerbatteryE．A“fast”chargerusuallytakeseighthourstofullychargeanEVF．SoyouneedtogetagoodfeelforwhereyournearestpointsareG．YoucanfindamapofhomeownerswhosechargingpointsareavailableC(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)(2025·南通市高三第二次调研测试)DiscoveringYourTrueSelfIsVitaltoHappiness!Haveyoufoundfocusingonyourselfisatthebottomoftheto­dolistbecauseyoufeeleveryoneelseinyourlifecomesfirst？1.Nowisexactlytheperfecttimetogettoknowyourselfinordertounderstandyourself.Thisisn'tjustaboutidentifyingyourfavoriteoutfit,haircutorflavoroficecream.2.It'sanopportunityforpersonalgrowththatcanhelpyoumakebetterchoicesforyourwell­beingandlifelonghappiness.Therearemanytoolstohelpyoudevelopadeepersenseofyourself,includingjournalsandotherformsofcreativeexpression.Youcanuseaguidedjournaltoexploreyourthoughtsandfeelingsorjustfreewritewhatevercomestomind.It'suptoyouwhatyouwanttodo.3.4．Takenoteofhowyourespondtopeople,whatmakesyouhappy,andwhatmakesyouunhappy.Thiscanhelpyouidentifypatternsthatareholdingyouback,suchasfeelinginsecureandbeingeasilyangered.Onceyou'veidentifiedthesepatterns,youcanworktochangethem.Anoftenoverlookedyetveryimportantfactorinself­discoveryishavinghealthyboundariesinyourpersonallife.5.Clearlycommunicatingyourboundariesisalsoawaytoshowothersthatyouareincontrolofyourownbehaviorandcanexpectthesamefromthem.Thisisasignofmaturityandrespect,twocharacteristicsthatarekeytohavinghealthyrelationships.A．It'sonethingtoknowyourpersonalitytype.B．It'sagreatwaytoshowthatyoucareaboutothers.C．Takingtimeforourselveshasbeenlookeddownupon.D．Anotherwayistoobserveyourbehaviorindifferentsituations.E．Itallowsyoutofocusontheneedsofyourselfwithoutignoringothers.F．Buttrynottogetcaughtupinthecriticismorjudgmentofyourwriting.G．It'saboutunderstandingyourinnerworldandhowyoufitintotheouterworld.(二)命题超重点——常规选材说明文之结构灵活类参考答案A篇[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章讲了如何评估一个人的性格。1．E[空前提到了评估一个人性格的一个方法是“观察这个人讲真话和忠诚于人的能力”，与下文第二至三段照应，第一段内容应能引领下文。空处位于第一段段尾，应承接上文。E项“同时，注意他的态度，并尝试辨别这如何影响他的生活”介绍评估人性格的另一个方法且与第四段照应，符合语境。]2．D[空前提到“通过观察一个人如何对待他人可以从很大程度上看出其性格”，空后提到不同类型的人以及不能局限于工作场所这种单一的环境。D项“这些人包括他认识的人和不认识的人”与上下文联系紧密，符合语境。]3．F[空前提到一个人对诚实的态度也暗示了他的性格类型。F项“观察这个人的谈话，尝试确定他撒谎的频率”提供了一个具体的评估方法，与空前关于诚实的讨论相匹配。]4．B[该空位于段首，应为段落主旨句。空后讨论了忠诚与性格的关系，并以亲密关系中对誓约和协议的尊重作为评估性格的一种方式。B项“忠诚度暗示他的性格类型”能概括本段大意，符合语境。]5．G[空前强调人的性格受其态度的影响，而空后说明态度可以影响一个人生活的许多方面，包括工作有多努力以及帮助他人的能力。G项“有些人通常有消极的看法，还有些人即使在困难的情况下也会尽量保持积极”很好地体现了态度对性格影响的两种情况，前后文内容连贯，符合语境。]B篇[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了电动汽车的充电方式。1．A[空前提到如何给电动汽车充电是人们在考虑电动汽车是否适合自己时最关心的问题之一，有时获得可靠的充电似乎有点棘手。下文是解决该问题的具体做法，因此空处很可能是转折或对比信息，表明现实情况可能并非如此，可能比看上去更容易。故选A项“但这可能比你想的要简单”，与上文提到的复杂性形成转折与对比。]2．F[本段主要介绍的是要下载一个包含公共充电点信息的应用程序。空前提到即使附近有公共充电点，在它们被占用时你也需要备选方案。F项“所以你需要非常熟悉最近的充电点”强调了了解周边充电点位置的重要性，与空前内容衔接紧密，符合语境。]3．G[空前提到越来越多的业主在不使用充电桩和车道时将其出租给当地的电动汽车司机，空后提到这样，你的车可以充电，主人(指业主或房主)可以赚钱，排放物也会减少。G项“你可以找到有可用充电站的房主地图”与上下文衔接紧凑，符合语境。]4．C[空处位于段首，应为段落主旨句。根据空后内容，尤其是“pulluptoabattery­changestation”“afullychargedunitischangedin”可知，本段介绍了电动汽车没电时的另一种解决方式——更换电池。C项“还有其他创新的方式让你的电动汽车行驶起来”引出了新的内容，能够总领空后内容。]5．D[空前讨论了如果充电仍然困难，在某种程度上，使用电动汽车仍是可能的，空后提到混合动力汽车可以在使用引擎前用电行驶约80千米，因此空处应引出混合动力汽车。D项“插电式电动汽车结合了汽油发动机和较小的电池”符合语境。]C篇[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了发现真正的自我对幸福的重要性。1．C[空前提到“Haveyoufoundfocusingonyourselfisatthebottomoftheto­dolist,becauseyoufeeleveryoneelseinyourlifecomesfirst？”，空后提到现在是认识自己、理解自己的最佳时机，因此空处很可能跟“人们往往将关注自己放在待办事项的最后，因为觉得生活中的其他人更重要”的原因有关，且应跟对自己认识或理解不足有关，故选C项“抽时间关注自己常常被我们轻