高中英语外研版（2019）必修Unit 4 Starting out Understanding ideas

SectionⅠStartingout&Understandingideas1篇章助解·释疑难

目录2文本透析·剖语篇4课时检测·提能力3核心知识·巧突破篇章助解·释疑难力推课前预习1CLICK

FOR

A

FRIEND？How

would

you

feel

if

moving

to

a

new

town

meant

losing

track

of①

your

friends？

What

if②

the

only

way

of

getting

news

from

faraway③

friends

was

writing

letters

that

took

ages

to

be

delivered④？

This

was

how

things

worked

not

very

long

ago.[1]Thanks

to⑤

advances⑥

in

technology，

how

we

make

friends

and

communicate

with

them

has

changed

significantly⑦.

[1]how引导主语从句。

[2]Nowadays，

we

can

move

around

the

world

and

still

stay

in

touch

with⑧

the

people

that

we

want

to

remain⑨

friends

with.[3]Social

media⑩

tools⑪

let

us

see

what

our

friends

are

up

to⑫

and

maintain⑬

friendships.All

you

need

is

a

wi-fi

connection.

[2]and连接并列的谓语；that引导限制性定语从句。[3]what引导宾语从句。

The

digital⑭

age

also

enables⑮

us

to

find

people

who

share

our

interests⑯，

such

as

collecting

model

cars⑰

or

playing

an

unusual⑱

instrument⑲.[4]Whatever

our

hobbies⑳，

the

Internet

can

connect

us

with

others

who

also

enjoy

doing

them，

even

if

they

live

on

the

other

side

of

the

world.

[4]whatever引导让步状语从句；who引导限制性定语从句；even

if引导让步状语从句。But

when

you

“

friend

”

people

online，

does

this

mean

that

they

really

are

your

friends？It

depends.If

people

always

exchange㉑

true

personal

information㉒

online，

then

yes，

these

friendships

can

be

real

and

meaningful㉓.[5]But

we

need

to

keep

in

mind㉔

that

what

we

see

on

social

media

is

often

not

the

whole

truth

about

a

person.

[5]that引导宾语从句；what引导主语从句。

On

social

media

sites㉕，

people

tend

to㉖

post

only

positive

updates㉗

that

make

them

appear

happy

and

friendly.But

smiling

photos

can

hide

real

problems.Remember

the

saying㉘：

on

the

Internet，

nobody

knows

you’re

a

dog.A

young

person

could

be

old；

a

woman

could

be

a

man；

we

could

even

be

sharing

our

information

with

criminals㉙.But

this

doesn’t

mean

that

we

should

throw

the

baby

out

with

the

bathwater㉚.Although

technology

has

changed

the

way

we

acquire㉛

friends，

the

meaning

of

friendship

and

our

longing

for㉜

friends

remain

the

same.[6]As

Aristotle

said，

no

one

would

choose

to

live

without

friends，

even

if

he

had

all

other

goods㉝.

[6]as引导非限制性定语从句；even

if引导让步状语从句。

【读文清障】①lose

track

of不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态②What

if

...？要是……会怎样？③faraway

adj.遥远的④deliver

v.递送，传送⑤thanks

to归功于……，多亏……⑥advance

n.进步，进展⑦significantly

adv.重大地，显著地⑧stay

in

touch

with与……保持联系⑨remain

v.保持⑩social

media社交媒体⑪tool

n.工具⑫be

up

to

sth忙于（做）某事⑬maintain

v.保持，维持⑭digital

adj.数字的，数码的⑮enable

v.使可能，使发生⑯share

our

interests与我们有共同的兴趣⑰collect

model

cars收集汽车模型⑱unusual

adj.异常的，不平常的⑲instrument

n.乐器⑳hobby

n.业余爱好，兴趣㉑exchange

v.交换，交流㉒personal

information个人信息㉓meaningful

adj.有意义的㉔keep

in

mind记住；将……记在心上㉕site

n.网站㉖tend

v.易于做某事，往往会发生某事

tend

to倾向于㉗update

n.最新消息㉘saying

n.格言，谚语，警句㉙criminal

n.罪犯㉚throw

the

baby

out

with

the

bathwater不分良莠一起抛弃㉛acquire

v.获得，得到㉜longing

for对……的渴望㉝goods

n.商品【参考译文】一键交友？如果搬到一个新城镇意味着和你的朋友失去联系，你会作何感

想？如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会

怎样？直到不久之前，现实情况还都是这样的。然而，得益于技术的

进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了显著的变化。如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边仍可以与想要与之维持友谊

的人们保持联系。社交媒体工具让我们能知晓朋友的动向、维系彼此

间的友谊。而这一切只要有无线网络就可以实现。数字时代也能使我们找到有相同兴趣（例如收集汽车模型或演奏

不寻常的乐器）的人。不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识

同好，哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。然而，在网上跟别人“结为朋友”，这就意味着他们真的是你的

朋友吗？这要视情况而定。如果人们在网上交换的个人信息都是真实的，那么答案是肯定

的，这种友谊是真实且有意义的。但是我们需要记住，我们在社交媒

体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真面目。在社交网站上，人们倾向于只发布正面的信息，塑造自己快乐且

友善的形象。然而，微笑的照片会掩盖真正的问题。记住这句话：在

网络上，没人知道你是一条狗。（网上展示的）年轻人形象的背后可

能是个老人，而女性形象的背后也可能是个男人，我们分享个人信息

的对象甚至可能是罪犯。但是，这并不意味着我们应该因噎废食。尽管技术已经改变了我

们结交朋友的方式，但友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。正

如亚里士多德所说，没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，即使他拥有其他

所有财富。文本透析·剖语篇助力语篇理解2

第一步：析架构理清脉络第二步：知细节明察秋毫1.

What

makes

making

friends

change

significantly？A.Hating

traditional

ways

of

making

friends.B.People’s

often

moving

to

another

place.C.The

development

of

technology.D.People’s

living

too

far

away

with

others.2.

What

can

the

digital

age

enable

to

do

according

to

Paragraph

3？A.Shop

online

and

save

time.B.Do

business

with

other

people.C.Look

through

interesting

websites.D.Find

people

with

similar

interests.3.

Which

friends

may

be

real

friends

online？A.People

who

often

have

a

chat

with

you.B.People

who

always

tell

you

the

true

information.C.People

who

introduce

other

people

to

you.D.People

who

have

similar

interests

with

you.4.

What’s

the

main

idea

of

Paragraph

7？A.A

dog

may

surf

the

Internet.B.There

are

too

many

criminals

online.C.Some

information

on

social

media

may

be

false.D.Don’t

share

your

real

personal

information

online.5.

What

can

be

learned

from

the

last

paragraph？A.People

can

have

no

friend

because

of

social

media.B.People’s

longing

for

friends

has

decreased.C.The

meaning

of

friendship

has

changed

a

lot.D.Friendship

is

still

important

for

people.答案：1－5

CDBCD第三步：拓思维品质提升1.

Do

you

think

social

media

is

beneficial

to

making

friends？

⁠

⁠

⁠2.

Do

you

like

making

friends

on

social

media？

Why？

⁠

⁠

⁠

Yes，

I

think

so.

We

can

come

across

some

people

with

similar

interests

on

social

media.

At

the

same

time，

we

can

keep

in

touch

with

friends

with

the

help

of

social

media.

Yes，

I

like.

Because

I

can

come

across

many

people

sharing

the

same

interests

with

me

and

can

communicate

with

them

conveniently.

3.

How

to

keep

safe

in

chatting

online？

⁠

⁠

Keep

our

personal

information

such

as

name，

address，

telephone

number

and

pictures

secret.

第四步：品语言妙笔生辉1.

Read

the

passage

carefully

and

find

the

parallel

sentences

（排比句）

in

the

passage.

⁠

⁠2.

Read

the

passage

carefully

and

find

the

sentence

using

metaphor

（比

喻）.

⁠

⁠

A

young

person

could

be

old；

a

woman

could

be

a

man；

we

could

even

be

sharing

our

information

with

criminals.

But

this

doesn’t

mean

that

we

should

throw

the

baby

out

with

the

bathwater.

3.

Read

the

passage

carefully

and

find

the

sentence

using

exaggeration

（夸张）.

⁠

⁠

What

if

the

only

way

of

getting

news

from

faraway

friends

was

writing

letters

that

took

ages

to

be

delivered？

第五步：析难句表达升级1.

But

we

need

to

keep

in

mind

that

what

we

see

on

social

media

is

often

not

the

whole

truth

about

a

person.自主翻译

⁠

⁠但是我们需要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不

是一个人的全部真面目。

2.

As

Aristotle

said，

no

one

would

choose

to

live

without

friends，

even

if

he

had

all

other

goods.自主翻译

⁠

⁠正如亚里士多德所说，没有人会选择没有朋友的生

活，即使他拥有其他所有财富。

核心知识·巧突破探究课堂重点3

Part

Ⅰ

核心词汇集释

familiar

adj.熟悉的【教材原句】

With

no

familiar

faces

in

view.看不到熟悉的面孔。【用法】（1）sb

be/get

familiar

with

...

某人熟悉……/某人与……熟悉sth

be

familiar

to

sb

某事（物）为某人所熟悉look/sound/taste

familiar

看/听/尝起来熟悉（2）unfamiliar

adj.

不熟悉的；不常见的unfamiliar

surroundings陌生的环境【佳句】After

he

got

familiar

with

the

traditional

Chinese

festivals，

he

determined

to

settle

in

China.当他熟悉了中国的传统节日后，他决定在中国定居。【练透】单句语法填空①I

believe

these

books

will

make

you

more

familiar

China.②The

smell

is

very

familiar

everyone

who

lives

near

a

bakery.with

to

【写美】一句多译③他总是乐于助人，因此在这儿大家都熟悉他。→He

is

always

willing

to

help

others，so

everyone

here

⁠

him.→He

is

always

willing

to

help

others，so

he

everyone

here.is

familiar

with

is

familiar

to

prefer

v.更喜欢【教材原句】

How

do

you

prefer

to

make

friends？你喜欢怎样

交朋友？【用法】（1）prefer

to

do/doing

sth更喜欢做某事prefer

sth

to

sth

喜欢某物而不喜欢某物prefer

doing

sth

to

doing

sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事（2）preference

n.

偏爱；优先权have

a

preference

for

对……偏爱【佳句】After

graduation，

he

prefers

to

work

in

a

village

school

as

a

volunteer.毕业后，他更喜欢作为一名志愿者在乡村学校工作。【点津】

（1）prefer不用于进行时；（2）prefer相当于like

better，所以prefer不与比较级连用。【练透】单句语法填空①I

prefer

（exercise）

at

home，

and

it

seems

that

I

am

always

going

on

a

diet.②Beyond

the

classroom，

I

prefer

（read）

English

books

to

listening

to

English

songs.③People

developed

a

（prefer）

for

a

particular

style

of

learning

at

an

early

age.④I

prefer

the

blue

dress

the

red

one

because

it

suits

me

better.exercising/to

exercise

reading

preference

to

【写美】补全句子⑤In

my

free

time，

I

⁠

the

English

newspaper

Youth.在我的空闲时间，我更喜欢读英文报Youth。prefer

to

read/prefer

reading/have

a

preference

for

reading

lose

track

of不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态；失去联系【教材原句】

How

would

you

feel

if

moving

to

a

new

town

meant

losing

track

of

your

friends？如果搬到一个新城镇意味着和你的朋友失去联系，你会作何感想？【用法】（1）keep

track

of

与……保持联系be

on

track

按计划进行；走上正轨（2）track

down

追踪找到，追查到【佳句】If

you

can

not

use

WeChat

at

the

present

time，

you

are

at

the

risk

of

losing

track

of

your

most

friends，especially

the

young

ones.如果目前你不能使用微信，你就有与你大多数朋友失去联系的风险，

尤其是那些年轻的朋友。【联想】

表示“与……失去联系”的短语还有lose

contact/touch

with，be

out

of

contact/touch

with

（表示状态）。【练透】单句语法填空①Hopefully，the

new

method

will

be

effective，helping

students

to

get

their

career

plans

track.②They

read

the

newspapers

every

day

to

keep

track

current

events.③They

hope

to

track

the

source

of

the

infection

as

soon

as

possible.on

of

down

【写美】补全句子④It

is

more

than

five

years

⁠.

（track）我们彼此失去联系五年多了。since

we

lost

track

of

each

other

deliver

v.递送，传送；接生；生（小孩儿）；发表（演说等）；兑

现【教材原句】

What

if

the

only

way

of

getting

news

from

faraway

friends

was

writing

letters

that

took

ages

to

be

delivered？如果只有通过

写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样？【用法】【佳句】I

wonder

why

you

refused

to

deliver

my

letters

to

my

home

last

week.我想知道上周你为什么拒绝把我的信送到我家。【练透】单句语法填空①Goods

we

buy

online

are

often

delivered

our

home

in

three

days.②His

wife

was

delivered

a

healthy

girl

last

night.to

of

【写美】补全句子③Firstly，

our

headmaster

，

expressing

his

best

wishes

to

the

teachers

and

students

for

the

New

Year.首先，我们的校长发表了致辞，表达了他对老师和学生新年的最

好祝愿。

delivered

a

speech

thanks

to归功于……，多亏……；由于；因为【教材原句】

Thanks

to

advances

in

technology，

how

we

make

friends

and

communicate

with

them

has

changed

significantly.得益于技

术的进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了显著的变化。【用法】【佳句】Thanks

to

the

timely

help，

many

lucky

people

survived

the

earthquake.多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人在地震中幸存了下来。【练透】单句语法填空①You

wrote

that

you

couldn’t

sleep

well

because

great

pressure.②In

fact，

the

team’s

achievement

was

largely

due

her

efforts.of

to

【写美】补全句子③

，

I

won

the

first

prize

in

the

competition.多亏了他的建议，我在比赛中获得了一等奖。Thanks

to

his

advice

advance

n.进步，进展v.前进；促进；提前【教材原句】

Thanks

to

advances

in

technology，

how

we

make

friends

and

communicate

with

them

has

changed

significantly.得益于技术的进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了显著

的变化。【用法】（1）make

an

advance/advances

in

在某方面有进步/发展in

advance

提前；预先in

advance

of

在……前面；超过（2）advanced

adj.

高级的；先进的【佳句】To

make

the

new

knowledge

easy

to

learn，

I

strongly

suggest

that

you

preview

what

you

will

learn

in

advance.为了让新知识学习起来容易，我强烈建议你提前预习你将学习的

内容。【生义】

advance作动词还可意为“提出（理论、想法）”。Scientists

have

advanced

many

theories

about

why

human

beings

cry

tears，

none

of

which

has

been

proved.关于为什么人类哭时掉眼泪，科学家们提出了许多理论，但都没有得

到证实。【练透】单句语法填空/补全句子①After

singing

the

birthday

song，

we

shared

a

big

birthday

cake

which

was

prepared

advance.②Thanks

to

the

（advance）

technology，

we

live

in

an

age

of

better

communication.③Learning

English

will

Western

culture.学习英语会促进我们对西方文化的了解。in

advanced

advance

our

knowledge

of

【写美】词汇升级④I’d

appreciate

it

if

you

let

me

know

whether

you

are

free

ahead

of

time.→I’d

appreciate

it

if

you

let

me

know

whether

you

are

free

⁠

⁠.in

advance

up

to忙于某事；达到，多达；适合，胜任某事；由某人决定【教材原句】

Social

media

tools

let

us

see

what

our

friends

are

up

to

and

maintain

friendships.社交媒体工具让我们能知晓朋友的动向、维系彼此间的友谊。【用法】（1）It

is

up

to

sb

to

do

sth由某人决定做某事It

is

up

to

you.

随你的便/由你来决定。up

to

now

直到现在（2）live

up

to

不辜负look

up

to

尊敬，敬仰【佳句】Dream

of

the

Red

Chamber

has

up

to

60

translated

versions

in

23

different

languages，

which

are

the

best

resources

for

translation

study

of

Chinese

language

and

culture.《红楼梦》已经被翻译成23种不同语言，多达60个翻译版本，为学习

中国语言和中国文化翻译提供了丰富的素材。【练透】写出下列句中up

to的含义①The

course

normally

attracts

about

100

students

per

year，

of

whom

up

to

half

are

from

abroad.

⁠②Having

good

communication

skills，

I

do

believe

that

I

am

up

to

the

job.

⁠③What

are

you

up

to

recently，

Bob？I

have

not

seen

you

for

ages.

⁠多达胜任忙于【写美】补全句子④

him

to

participate

in

the

music

festival

to

be

held

in

the

school

hall

next

Saturday

morning.由你来说服他参加下周六上午在学校大厅举行的音乐节。It

is

up

to

you

to

persuade

keep

...

in

mind记住；把……记在心上【教材原句】

But

we

need

to

keep

in

mind

that

what

we

see

on

social

media

is

often

not

the

whole

truth

about

a

person.但是我们需要记住，我

们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真面目。【用法】change

one’s

mind

改变主意make

up

one’s

mind

下决心；决定read

one’s

mind

看出某人的心思bear

in

mind

牢记，放在心上focus

one’s

mind

on

集中精力于【佳句】First

of

all，

keep

in

mind

that

you

had

better

arrive

on

time.

首先，记住你最好准时到达。【练透】用mind的相关短语填空①Having

failed

six

times，

they

to

have

a

seventh

try.②I

don’t

know

why

he

and

gave

up

the

chance

to

study

abroad.③My

mother

often

reminds

me

to

that

failure

is

the

mother

of

success.made

up

their

minds

changed

his

mind

keep/bear

in

mind

tend

v.易于做某事，往往会发生某事；照顾；护理【教材原句】

On

social

media

sites，

people

tend

to

post

only

positive

updates

that

make

them

appear

happy

and

friendly.在社交网站上，人们

倾向于只发布正面的信息，塑造自己快乐且友善的形象。【用法】（1）tend

to

do/be

...

容易/易于/趋向……tend

（to）

sb/sth照顾/护理/看护某人/物（2）tendency

n.

趋向；倾向have

a

tendency

to

do

sth

倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事there

is

a

tendency

（for

sb/sth）

to

do

sth（某人/某物）有做某事的趋

势【佳句】I’m

writing

to

express

my

sincere

thanks

to

Ms

Wang

who

tended

（to）

my

mother

in

the

hospital.我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。（感

谢信）【练透】单句语法填空①The

nurses

are

tending

those

who

are

infected

with

the

new

disease.②Jane

is

nice

but

she

has

a

（tend）

to

talk

too

much.③Nowadays

there

is

a

growing

tendency

people

⁠

（work）

at

home

rather

than

in

the

office.to

tendency

for

to

work

【写美】补全句子④With

the

growing

popularity

of

smartphones

and

computers，

more

and

more

teenagers

.（tend）随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，越来越多的青少年倾向于在线学习

英语。tend

to

study

English

online

prove

v.证明，证实【教材原句】

To

prove

that

making

friends

was

easier

in

the

past.为了

证明过去交朋友更容易。【用法】（1）prove

（to

be）＋名词/形容词

证明是；结果是prove

sb

（to

be）

...

证明某人（是）……prove

sth

to

sb

向某人证明某事It

is

proved

that

...

据证明……（2）proof

n.

证明；证据【佳句】It’s

proved

that

we

can

improve

our

memory

by

using

various

memorizing

methods.事实证明，我们可以通过各种各样的记忆方法来提高我们的记忆力。【点津】

prove作系动词意为“证明是，结果是……”时，不可以使

用被动语态，应用主动形式表示被动意义。【练透】单句语法填空①Do

you

have

any

（prove）

that

this

man

stole

your

bag

while

you

were

sleeping？②It

is

reported

that

the

design

proved

（be）

a

success.③You

said

your

plan

was

good

but

you

must

prove

it

me.proof

to

be

to

【写美】一句多译④已经证明，童年时吃蔬菜有助于预防严重疾病。→

eating

vegetables

in

childhood

helps

protect

us

against

serious

illnesses.→Eating

vegetables

in

childhood

protect

us

against

serious

illnesses.It

has

been

proved

that

has

been

proved

to

help

Part

Ⅱ

重点句型解构

句型公式：What

if

...？要是……会怎样？【教材原句】

What

if

the

only

way

of

getting

news

from

faraway

friends

was

writing

letters

that

took

ages

to

be

delivered？如果只有通过

写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样？【用法】What

for？

为什么？So

what？

那又怎样？What’s

up？

怎么啦？/发生什么事了？How

come？

怎么会这样呢？

What

about

...？/How

about

...？

……怎样？（表示建议）【品悟】

What

if

this

problem

has

to

be

solved

in

the

next

half

an

hour？在接下来的半个小时里，要是必须解决这个问题会怎样呢？【点津】

What

if常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“要

是……会怎样呢？”，后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以

跟虚拟语气。【写美】微写作①“如果她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕呢？”她

说。（语言描写）

“If

she

spent

five

years

in

Paris，

her

French

is

so

bad？”

she

said.②“今天晚上去看电影怎样？有一部新电影正在上映。”他问我。

（语言描写）“

going

to

the

cinema

tonight？

A

new

film

is

on

show.”

he

asked

me.how

come

What/How

about

③“苏珊看起来有点不安。发生什么事了？”玛丽问道。（语言

描写）“Susan

looks

a

little

bit

upset.

？”

Mary

asked.What’s

up

句型公式：疑问词＋-ever引导让步状语从句【教材原句】

Whatever

our

hobbies，

the

Internet

can

connect

us

with

others

who

also

enjoy

doing

them，

even

if

they

live

on

the

other

side

of

the

world.不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同好，哪怕他们住在世

界的另一端。【用法】【品悟】

Whatever

you

say，

I

won’t

believe

you.无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。【点津】

引导名词性从句的whoever相当于anyone

who，anybody

who；whatever相当于anything

that。在这种情况下，whoever，

whatever相当于定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”。【写美】微写作/同义句转换①无论我们何时遇到困难，我们的班主任都会毫不犹豫地向我们伸出

援助之手。

，

our

headteacher

will

give

us

a

helping

hand

without

hesitation.②金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。The

gold

medal

will

be

awarded

to

in

the

bicycle

race.③However

late

it

is，

his

mother

is

always

waiting

for

him.→

，

his

mother

is

always

waiting

for

him.Whenever/No

matter

when

we

encounter

difficulties

whoever

wins

the

first

place

No

matter

how

late

it

is

课时检测·提能力培育学科素养4维度一：品句填词1.

（点击）

the

right

button

of

the

mouse

and

you’ll

see

a

lot

of

items.2.

Boys

and

girls

can

also

help

（递送）

newspapers

in

the

neighbourhood.3.

The

two

countries

have

always

（维持）

close

relations.Click

deliver

maintained

4.

The

company

just

needs

your

（数字的）

information

sent

through

e-mail.5.

To

（阐明）

my

point，

let

me

tell

you

a

little

story.6.

The

（进展）

is

highly

significant

for

plant

biotechnology.7.

The

city

is

quite

（熟悉的）

to

him

because

he

is

a

native.8.

Since

you

are

so

eager

to

improve

your

English，

the

activity

will

（证明）

to

be

a

great

chance.digital

illustrate

advance

familiar

prove

9.

He

a

a

reputation

as

an

ente