高中 英语 译林版（2019）Welcome to the unit Reading

SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading1篇章助解·释疑难

目录2文本透析·剖语篇4课时检测·提能力3核心知识·巧突破篇章助解·释疑难力推课前预习1A

beginner’s

guide

to

exercise

You

want

to

start

doing

exercise？Congratulations①！

You

have

just

taken

your

first

step

towards

a

new

and

improved

you！Most

people

assume②

that

regular

exercise

does

wonders③

for

the

body

and

mind—but

what

exactly

are

its

health

benefits？To

start

with，

physical

activity

increases

the

efficiency

of

your

heart

and

lungs④.During

exercise，

your

heart

and

lungs

must

work

harder.This

extra

effort

makes

them

grow

stronger

over

the

long

term⑤.[1]It

has

also

been

proven

that

active

people

tend⑥

to

have

better

immune⑦

systems

and

are

at

lower

risk

of

diseases⑧

.

Moreover，

exercise

is

good

for

your

mental

health.

Understanding

the

benefits

of

exercise[2]Working

out

can

help

you

reduce⑨

stress

and

get

over⑩

negative

feelings.[3]Some

studies

even

show

that

exercise

improves

certain

brain

functions，

meaning

you

could

actually

exercise

your

way

to

better

performance

at

school！

[1]句中It是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。[2]句中Working

out为动词-ing短语作主语。[3]that引导宾语从句；meaning

you

...为动词-ing形式作伴随状

语，meaning后宾语从句省略了关系代词that。【读文清障】①congratulation

n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺congratulate

vt.向（某人）道贺，祝贺②assume

vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露assume

that

...认为……assumption

n.假定，设想③do

wonders＝work

wonders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用④lung

n.肺heart

and

lung

efficiency心肺功能⑤over/in

the

long

term长期⑥tend

vi.往往会；趋向vt.照看tend

to

do

sth易于/往往会做某事tendency

n.趋势；趋向⑦immune

adj.有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的immune

systems

免疫系统⑧disease

n.病，疾病at

lower

risk

of

diseases患疾病的风险较低⑨reduce

vt.减少，缩小reduce

stress缓解压力⑩get

over克服get

over

negative

feelings克服负面情绪

[4]句中When引导时间状语从句；动词不定式to

consider作后置

定语，修饰主语the

first

thing；what引导表语从句。[5]句中you

enjoy是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰

先行词activities；because引导原因状语从句。⑪routine

n.常规，惯例

adj.常规的，例行的；乏味的exercise

routine

日常锻炼⑫muscle

n.肌肉，肌muscle

strength

or

flexibility肌肉力量或柔韧性⑬aerobic

adj.有氧的；需氧的aerobic

activities

有氧运动⑭jogging

n.慢跑锻炼⑮pull-up

n.引体向上⑯flexibility

n.灵活性；柔韧性；弹性；适应性flexible

adj.灵活的；可变动的；柔韧的；可弯曲的；有弹性的flexibility

training

韧性性训练⑰gymnastics

n.体操，体操训练⑱tai

chi

n.太极拳，太极⑲stretch

vt.&

vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；（使）延伸stretch

one’s

muscles

伸展某人的肌肉stretching

exercise

伸展运动⑳range

n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列v.变

化，变动a

range

of一系列range

from

...to

...在……到……之间变动㉑movement

n.活动，转动；移动；运动㉒stick

with持续，坚持stick

to

sth坚持某事

Eating

and

drinking

rightLike

cars

that

run

on

petrol㉓，

your

body

burns

carbohydrates㉔

for

energy㉕.Foods

like

noodles，

rice，

fruit

and

vegetables

give

your

body

plenty

of

carbohydrates

to

keep

up

your

energy

during

a

long

workout.To

help

your

muscles

recover

and

repair

themselves

after

exercise，

you

need

to

eat

foods

rich

in

protein，

such

as

fish，

eggs

and

milk

products.[6]When

to

eat

is

also

of

great

importance.In

general，

you

should

have

your

meal

an

average㉖

of

1.5

to

2.5

hours

before

exercising.Do

not

eat

immediately

after

exercise；

instead，

wait

at

least

30

minutes

after

a

typical

routine，

or

as

much

as

an

hour

after

a

hard

workout.[7]Remember

to

drink

throughout

exercise

to

make

up

for㉗water

lost

to

sweat.

[6]“疑问词＋动词不定式（When

to

eat）”作主语，谓语动词

用单数形式；be

of

great

importance相当于be

very

important。[7]动词不定式短语to

drink

...sweat作宾语；其中动词不定式to

make

up

for

water

lost

to

sweat作目的状语；动词-ed短语lost

to

sweat作

后置定语，修饰water，相当于which

is

lost

to

sweat。㉓petrol

n.汽油（英）gas

n.汽油（美）㉔carbohydrate

n.碳水化合物，糖类㉕energy

n.能，能量；精力；能源energetic

adj.精力旺盛的㉖average

n.平均水平，一般水准adj.平均的；典型的an

average

of平均数是on

average平均㉗make

up

for弥补，补偿make

up

for

water补充水

Avoiding

injury

[8]To

prevent㉘

soft

tissue㉙

injury，

make

sure

that

you

wear

proper

clothes

and

equipment㉚

when

exercising.You

should

also

start

small

and

slowly

work

your

way㉛

to

a

longer

and

harder

exercise

routine

to

avoid

getting

hurt.Finally，

remember

to

warm

up

before

exercising

and

stretch

at

the

end

of

your

workout.

[8]动词不定式短语To

prevent

soft

tissue

injury作目的状语；that

引导宾语从句；when

exercising是状语从句的省略，相当于when

you

are

exercising。

So，

now

you

know

the

benefits

of

exercise

and

how

to

do

it

safely

and

effectively.What

are

you

waiting

for？㉘prevent

vt.阻止，阻碍prevent

sb

（from）

doing

sth阻止某人做某事prevention

n.预防，防止㉙tissue

n.（人、动植物细胞的）组织；（尤指用作手帕的）纸巾，

手巾纸soft

tissue软组织㉚equipment

n.设备；配备，装备a

piece

of

equipment一件装备equip

vt.提供设备；装备，配备㉛work

one’s

way努力前进，排除困难【参考译文】体育锻炼入门

你想开始锻炼身体了吗？祝贺你！你已经向新的、更好的自己

跨出了第一步！

了解锻炼的益处

大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么

好处呢？首先，体育活动能增强心肺功能。在锻炼时，你的心脏和

肺必须更卖力地工作。久而久之，这些额外的工作使它们变得更强

壮。事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的

风险较低。另外，锻炼对心理健康有好处。锻炼身体能帮你缓解心

理压力，克服负面情绪。一些研究甚至表明锻炼会改善大脑的某些

功能，这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！

规划日常锻炼

制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改

善：心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。像慢跑、游泳和滑雪这样的

有氧运动，能增强心肺功能。力量训练，比如引体向上和举重，能

增加肌肉强度，促进骨骼发育。体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于

伸展肌肉，加大身体活动范围。在一套健康的日常锻炼项目中，以

上三种训练都是不可或缺的。最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因

为这样你更有可能坚持下去。

饮食得当就像汽车要烧汽油才能跑，你的身体也要燃烧碳水化合物来获

得能量。米面果蔬等食物为身体提供丰富的碳水化合物，使你有充

足的能量做长时间运动。锻炼后，为帮助肌肉恢复和自我修复，你

需要吃些高蛋白食物，比如鱼、蛋和乳制品。什么时间吃也很重

要。一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。运动

后不要马上吃东西，如果是常规锻炼，至少过半小时再吃，如果是

高强度锻炼，就需要等一小时后再吃。记住运动时全程都要喝水，

以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。

避免受伤为避免软组织受伤，锻炼时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和护具。此

外，刚开始锻炼强度要小，要循序渐进地增加锻炼的时间和强度，

以防受伤。最后，记住锻炼前要热身，结束后要拉伸。现在，你已经明白了锻炼的好处，也知道如何安全高效地锻炼

了。那么，你还在等什么呢？文本透析·剖语篇助力语篇理解2第一步：析架构，理文本脉络Read

the

passage

quickly

and

fill

in

the

blanks

with

suitable

words.第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫Read

the

passage

carefully

and

choose

the

best

answer.1.

What’s

the

purpose

of

this

passage？（

）A.To

ask

people

to

stick

to

their

exercise.B.To

tell

people

how

to

avoid

injury

when

exercising.C.To

give

beginners

some

information

on

exercise.D.To

show

people

how

to

plan

their

exercise

routine.2.

What

does

“This

extra

effort”

refer

to

in

Paragraph

2？

（

）A.You

need

to

make

extra

efforts

to

do

exercise.B.You

need

to

work

for

extra

hours

to

do

exercise.C.Your

heart

and

lungs

must

work

harder.D.Your

heart

and

lungs

must

work

for

extra

hours.3.

What

can

we

learn

from

Paragraph

3？（

）A.Aerobic

activities

increase

muscle

strength.B.Gymnastics

and

tai

chi

are

aerobic

activities.C.Flexibility

training

includes

jogging

and

swimming.D.Pull-ups

and

weightlifting

are

strength

training

activities.4.

What

do

we

learn

about

carbohydrates？（

）A.They

provide

the

body

with

energy.B.They

help

our

brain

work

efficiently.C.They

help

your

muscles

recover.D.They

only

exist

in

noodles，

rice，

fruit

and

vegetables.5.

What

activities

can

strengthen

your

muscles

and

develop

your

bones？

（

）A.Pull-ups

and

jogging.B.Weightlifting

and

tai

chi.C.Jogging

and

swimming.D.Pull-ups

and

weightlifting.6.

At

the

end

of

your

workout，

the

author

thinks

it

also

necessary

to

.（

）A.avoid

sweatB.stretch

your

musclesC.wear

enough

clothesD.eat

immediately

after

exercise第三步：通词句，学语言表达1.

词汇学习——循规律，记单词本篇课文中出现了exercise和health与某些动词、形容词以及名词构

成的常用短语，请找出并试着再写出一些。2.

美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法类比是基于两种不同事物或道理间的类似，借助喻体的特征，通过

联想来对本体加以修饰描摹的一种修辞手法。类比的作用是借助类

似的事物的特征刻画突出本体事物的特征，更浅显形象地加深本体

事物的理解。使用类比能引起读者丰富的想象和强烈共鸣。请在课文中找出一个类比的句子。

⁠

⁠仿写：恰当的赞扬对孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。

⁠Like

cars

that

run

on

petrol，

your

body

burns

carbohydrates

for

energy.Appropriate

praise

to

a

child

is

what

the

sun

is

to

a

flower.核心知识·巧突破探究课堂重点3Part

Ⅰ

核心词汇集释

congratulation

n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺【教材原句】

You

want

to

start

doing

exercise？

Congratulations！You

have

just

taken

your

first

step

towards

a

new

and

improved

you！你想开始锻炼身体了吗？祝贺你！你已经

向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步！【用法】（1）congratulations

to

sb

on

sth为某事向某人表示祝贺send/offer/express

one’s

congratulations

to

sb

on

sth祝贺某人某事（2）congratulate

vt.祝贺congratulate

sb

on

sth/doing

sth为（做）某事向某人表示祝贺congratulate

oneself

on

（doing）

sth为（做）某事感到高兴/庆幸【佳句】

Congratulations

on

your

exam

results！祝贺你考出了好成绩！【练透】单句语法填空①They

expressed

their

warmest

（congratulate）

to

me

on

my

success.②I

think

it’s

necessary

for

us

to

congratulate

you

the

excellent

design

of

the

new

bridge.③You

should

congratulate

（you）

on

having

done

an

excellent

job.congratulations

on

yourself

【写美】完成句子④

！

Your

grades

are

good

in

this

exam.恭喜！你的成绩在这次考试中很好。Congratulations

assume

vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露【教材原句】

Most

people

assume

that

regular

exercise

does

wonders

for

the

body

and

mind—but

what

exactly

are

its

health

benefits？大多数

人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？【用法】（1）assume

that

假定/认为……assume

sb/sth

to

be

...

假定/认为某人/某事是……it

is

assumed

that

...

假定/认为……（2）assuming

（that）

...

假定……（作状语）（3）assumption

n.

假想on

the

assumption

that

...

假定……make

an

assumption

作出假设【佳句】

They

assumed

her

to

be

the

best

singer

of

their

time.他们认为她是他们那个时代最好的歌唱家。【点津】

assuming

（that）

...相当于一个表示“假设”的条件状语

从句。类似的词还有provided、providing、supposing等。【练透】单句语法填空①Your

argument

is

based

on

a

completely

false

⁠

（assume）.②It

（assume）

that

her

stress

is

caused

by

too

much

work.③My

calculations

were

based

the

assumption

that

house

prices

would

remain

steady.assumption

is

assumed

on

【写美】同义句转换④If

there

wasn’t

the

hard

work

of

the

dustmen，

what

can

you

imagine

our

environment

will

be

like？→

there

wasn’t

the

hard

work

of

the

dustmen，

what

can

you

imagine

our

environment

will

be

like？Assuming

that

do

wonders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用【用法】（1）no

wonder

（that）

...＝it’s

no

wonder

（that）

...难怪……；……不足为奇it’s

a

wonder

that

...

……是个奇迹in

wonder

惊奇地；惊异地（2）I

wonder

whether/if/when/why/how

...我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……【佳句】

Fresh

air

and

exercise

do

wonders

for

health

and

fitness.新鲜空气和锻炼对保持身体健康能产生神奇作用。【练透】单句语法填空①It

is

no

wonder

you

have

made

such

great

progress

in

your

Chinese

study.②It’s

wonder

that

he

refuses

to

assume

the

responsibility.③The

little

boy

looked

up

wonder

at

the

big

elephant.【写美】完成句子④Try

this

medicine.It’ll

⁠.试试这种药。它对治疗你的感冒会有奇效。（that）

a

in

do

wonders

for

your

cold

tend

vi.往往会；趋向vt.照看【教材原句】

It

has

also

been

proven

that

active

people

tend

to

have

better

immune

systems

and

are

at

lower

risk

of

diseases.事实也证明，定

期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。【用法】（1）tend

to

do

sth

易于做某事；倾向于做某事tend

（to）

sb/sth

照顾/护理/看护某人/某物（2）tendency

n.

趋向；倾向have

a

tendency

to

do

sth

喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事【佳句】

Doctors

and

nurses

tended

the

injured.医生和护士照料受伤者。People

always

tend

to

help

the

old

in

need.人们往往倾向于帮助困难的老年人。【练透】单句语法填空①Nowadays

there

is

a

growing

（tend）

for

people

to

shop

on

the

Internet.tendency

【写美】完成句子②I’m

writing

to

express

my

sincere

thanks

to

the

nurse

who

⁠

⁠.我写信向在医院里照顾我妈妈的护士表达诚挚的感谢。③When

people

are

under

pressure，they

⁠.当人们处于压力之下时，他们往往会感到焦虑。tended

my

mother

in

hospital

tend

to

feel

anxious

range

n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列v.排列；

（在一定范围内）变化，变动【教材原句】

Flexibility

training，

including

gymnastics

and

tai

chi，

helps

stretch

your

muscles

and

improve

your

body’s

range

of

movement.体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉，加大身体活

动范围。（1）a

range

of

一系列beyond/out

of

one’s

range

超出某人的范围in/within

range

（of

sth）在可及的范围内；在（视觉或听觉）范围内（2）range

from

A

to

B

在A到B之间变动【用法】【佳句】

The

conversation

had

ranged

over

a

variety

of

topics，

from

sports

to

current

affairs.谈话内容广泛，从体育运动到时事都有涉及。【练透】单句语法填空①She

has

had

different

jobs，

（range）

from

chef

to

swimming

instructor.②The

price

of

the

house

is

so

high

that

it

is

well

our

range.③The

hotel

offers

wide

range

of

facilities.ranging

beyond

a

【写美】完成句子④The

bird

now

comes

⁠.现在那只鸟飞入了我的视野。in/within

my

range

of

vision

stick

with持续，坚持【教材原句】

Above

all，

choose

activities

you

enjoy

because，

in

this

way，

you’re

more

likely

to

stick

with

them.最重要的是，选择你喜欢

的活动，因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。【用法】stick

to

sth

坚持某事be

stuck

in

困于，停滞不前stick

out

醒目；显眼；引人注目stick

at

（sth）

坚持不懈地做（某事）；持之以恒stick

by

（sb）

坚持忠于，不离弃（某人）stick

up

竖立；向上突出stick

in

one’s

mind

经久不忘；铭记在心【佳句】

If

you’re

in

a

job

that

gives

you

a

sense

of

achievement，

stick

with

it.如果你的工作给你一种成就感，那就坚持下去。【练透】单句语法填空①Practising

is

tiresome，

but

stick

it

and

some

day

you

will

be

a

good

pianist.②One

face

in

particular

stuck

of

the

crowd.③If

you

happen

to

be

stuck

big

fires

or

heavy

smoke，

run

away

immediately.with/to

out

in

【写美】完成句子④We

，

whatever

happens.无论发生什么，我们都会坚持原来的计划。will

stick

with/to

our

original

plan

make

up

for弥补，补偿【教材原句】

Remember

to

drink

throughout

exercise

to

make

up

for

water

lost

to

sweat.记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。【用法】make

for

致使；促成；向……移动make

it

成功；准时到达make

out

理解；辨认出make

the

most

of

充分利用make

sure

确保make

use

of

利用make

up

编造；化妆；构成，组成；弥补；和好be

made

up

of

由……构成make

up

one’s

mind

（to

do

sth）下定决心（做某事）【佳句】

Her

enthusiasm

makes

up

for

her

lack

of

experience.她的热

情弥补了她经验不足。【练透】用make相关短语填空①This

incident

will

better

understanding

between

them.②Why

don’t

you

with

her

and

forget

all

about

the

quarrel？③The

group

thirty

girls

is

very

popular

here.④We

could

still

，

but

we

won’t

get

there

before

three

o’clock.make

for

make

up

made

up

of

make

it

【写美】完成句子⑤Once

she

has

，

nothing

can

change

it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。made

up

her

mind

prevent

vt.阻止，阻碍【教材原句】

To

prevent

soft

tissue

injury，

make

sure

that

you

wear

proper

clothes

and

equipment

when

exercising.为避免软组织受伤，锻炼

时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和护具。【用准】

（2）prevention

n.

阻止，预防【佳句】

Something

must

be

done

to

prevent

the

river

from

being

polluted.必须采取措施阻止这条河流被污染。【点津】

（1）在主动语态中，keep

...

from

...中的from不可省

略；prevent

...

from

...和stop

...

from

...中的from可以省略。（2）在被动语态中，上述几个短语中的from都不可省略。【练透】单句语法填空①They

were

prevented

going

on

holiday

by

their

lack

of

money.②

（prevent）

of

a

problem

is

always

preferable

to

trying

to

cure

it.③No

one

can

prevent

this

plan

from

（carry）

out.④Opposed

to

developing

the

holiday

resort

（度假区），

the

local

people

prevented

the

construction

workers

（enter）

their

villages.from

Prevention

being

carried

entering

【写美】完成句子⑤I

sincerely

hope

proper

measures

should

be

taken

⁠

⁠.我真诚希望采取措施阻止此类事故再次发生。to

prevent

such

an

accident

（from）

happening

again

lack

n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺vt.&

vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺【教材原句】

Others

work

out

for

hours

at

the

weekend

to

make

up

for

their

lack

of

exercise

during

the

weekdays.其他人在周末锻炼好几个小

时，以弥补工作日锻炼的缺乏。【用法】（1）for

lack

of

因缺乏……a

lack

of

缺乏……（2）lack

（for）

nothing

没有欠缺（3）lacking

adj.

缺乏的，短缺的be

lacking

in

缺少……【佳句】

Lacking/For

lack

of/Lacking

in

experience，

Jane

was

quite

at

a

loss

as

to

how

to

deal

with

the

terrible

situation.由于缺乏经验，简不知道该如何应付这种可怕的局面。Health

problems

are

closely

connected

with

bad

eating

habits

and

a

lack

of

exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。

（应用文写作

之健康生活）【点津】

lack作动词时可用作及物动词，其后直接接宾语，但不可

用于被动语态和进行时；lack也可用作不及物动词，后常与介词for连

用，多用于否定句中。lack作名词时，常与介词of连用。【练透】单句语法填空①The

trip

was

cancelled

lack

of

money.②

（lack）

in

money，

the

boy

didn’t

go

to

school.③She

（lack）

the

money

to

buy

new

shoes

when

she

was

young.④You

can’t

be

successful

when

there

is

lack

of

trust

in

a

relationship.for

Lacking

lacked

a

【写美】完成句子⑤

，the

number

of

Yangtze

Finless

Porpoise

is

becoming

smaller

and

smaller.由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚的数量正变得越来越少。⑥

，

the

twins

made

up

for

it

by

turning

to

the

Internet

for

some

advice.尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。For

lack

of

human

protection

Though

lacking

cooking

experience

Part

Ⅱ

中频词汇特训

average

n.平均水平，一般水准adj.平均的；典型的v.平均为；计

算出……的平均数【教材原句】

In

general，

you

should

have

your

meal

an

average

of

1.5

to

2.5

hours

before

exercising.一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。【用法】on

（the/an）

average

平均，一般来说below

（the）

average

在平均水平之下，低于平均水平above

（the）

average

在平均水平之上，高于平均水平the/an

average

of

平均有……（后跟数词）【佳句】

On

average，

each

student

reads

5.54

books，

which

is

definitely

not

adequate.平均来说，每个学生读5.54本书，这肯定是不够的。【练透】单句语法填空①He

is

working

hard

and

his

grade

is

the

average

in

his

class.②

average，

men

smoke

more

cigarettes

than

women.③The

age

of

the

candidates

ranged

from

29

to

49

with

average

age

of

37.above

On

an

【写美】完成句子④

the

boys

in

this

class

is

fifteen.这个班级男孩的平均年龄是15岁。The

average

age

of

injury

n.伤害，损伤【教材原句】

To

prevent

soft

tissue

injury，

make

sure

that

you

wear

proper

clothes

and

equipment

when

exercising.为避免软组织受伤，锻炼

时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和护具。【用法】（1）do

sb

an

injury＝do

an

injury

to

sb

使某人受到伤害escape

injury

险受伤害（2）injure

vt.

使受伤；伤害，损害（3）injured

adj.

受伤的，有伤的get

injured

受伤the

injured

伤员【佳句】

Don’t

do

that.

You’ll

do

yourself

an

injury.别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。【练透】单句语法填空①I

heard

that

her

son

（injure）

while

taking

an

adventure

in

the

summer

camp.②The

（injure）

were

sent

to

the

nearest

hospital

at

once.③He’s

been

hit

by

a

series

of

（injure）

since

he

joined

the

team.was

injured

injured

injuries

【写美】完成句子④Running

too

much

too

soon

is

one

of

the

easiest

ways

to

⁠

⁠.跑得过多过快是最容易受伤的方式之一。get

injured

Part

Ⅲ

重点句型解构

句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to

do

...【教材原句】

When

you

plan

an

exercise

routine，

the

first

thing

to

consider

is

what

you

expect

to

improve：

heart

and

lung

efficiency，

muscle

strength

or

flexibility.制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善：心肺

功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。【用法】句中动词不定式to

consider作后置定语，修饰the

first

thing，与the

first

thing之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。英语中动词不定式作后置定语的情

况主要有：（1）当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级

以及the

next、the

only、the

last等修饰时。（2）抽象名词time、way、ability、reason、chance、courage、

opportunity等后常用动词不定式作定语。（3）不定代词something、nothing、little等后常用动词不定式作

定语。【品悟】

He

is

always

the

first

teacher

to

go

to

the

office

and

the

last

to

leave.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开的老师。【写美】完成句子①He

is

among

the

experiment.他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。②Amy

was

the

car

accident.艾米是唯一一个目睹车祸的人。③As

we

all

know，

Wang

Yaping

is

⁠

⁠.众所周知，王亚平是第一个在太空授课的中国人。（应用文写作之人

物介绍）the

best

students

to

do

the

only

person

to

witness

the

first

Chinese

to

give

a

lesson

in

space

④I

believe

that

I

have

the

ability

⁠.我相信我有能力做好这项具有挑战性的工作。

（应用文写作之申

请信）to

do

the

challenging

work

well

句型公式：“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构【教材原句】

When

to

eat

is

also

of

great

importance.什么时间吃也

很重要。【用法】（1）“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，

疑问词包括疑问代词（who、what、which）和疑问副词

（when、where、how）。（2）“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可转换为从句。【品悟】

Desperate

and

helpless，

Jane

knelt

down，

not

knowing

what

to

do

next.既绝望又无助，简跪了下去，不知道接下来做什么。Where

to

hold

the

meeting

is

not

known

yet

to

all

of

us.在哪里开会我们都还不知道。【点津】

（1）“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中作主语时，谓

语动词用单数形式。（2）“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构经常跟在动词（短语）know、

tell、show、wonder、remember、learn、find

out等后作宾语。【写美】完成句子/句式升级①She

stared

blankly

into

space，

not

⁠.她两眼发直，不知道下面该说什么。②The

question

is

⁠.问题是挑选哪一个。③Some

famous

artists

will

perform

on

the

spot.一些著名艺术家将现场展示如何制作剪纸。

（应用文写作之邀请信）④

been

decided

yet.派谁去处理这个问题还没有决定。knowing

what

to

say

next

which

to

choose

how

to

cut

paper

Who

to

be

sent

to

deal

with

the

problem

hasn’t

⑤Jacy

was

standing

there

alone，

wondering

where

to

go.

（读后续写之

动作描写）→Jacy

was

standing

there

alone，wondering