国际经济法世界贸易组织法律制度概述

国际经济法世界贸易组织法律制度

概述国际经济法基本框架海商法国际经济法基础理论分支部门争端解决国际贸易法（国际商法）WTO法国际投资法国际金融法国际税法国际货物贸易国际服务贸易国际知识产权法国际经济法主要规则一览世界贸易组织法律制度第一部分世界贸易组织法律制度概述第二部分国际货物贸易管理制度第三部分服务贸易以及与贸易有关的知识产权第四部分WTO争端解决机制世界贸易组织法律制度概述一、世界贸易组织的成立及其框架协议（一）成立国际贸易组织（InternationalTradeOrganization,ITO)乌拉圭回合谈判马拉喀什协定世界贸易组织（WorldTradeOrganization,WTO)1995年1月1日成立GATTYears194719481949195060-6164-6773-7986-931994Jan1,

95Jan1,

96HavanaConference(ITO)–1stRound

TheGATTentersintoforce2ndRound:

Annecy3rdRound:

Torquay4thRound:

Geneva5thRound:“DillonRound”6thRound:

“KennedyRound”7thRound:

“TokyoRound”8thRound:“UruguayRound”MarrakeshConferenceWTOentersintoforceTheGATT(1947)nolongerinforce1956（二）框架协议《建立世界贸易组织的马拉喀什协定》（“马拉喀什协定”）及4个附件。MarrakeshAgreementEstablishingtheWTO附件１附件1A：AgreementsonTradeinGoods(GATT1994(GATT1947+UruguayRoundAgreementsandDecisions+…)关于货物贸易的14个多边协议，包括：《1994年关税与贸易总协定》（GATT1994）；《农产品协议》；《卫生与植物检疫措施协议》（SPS)；世界贸易组织法律制度概述《纺织品与服装协议》；《技术性贸易壁垒协议》（TBT)；《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》（TRIMs)；《GATT1994第六条执行协议》；《GATT1994第七条执行协议》；《装运前检验协议》；《原产地规则协议》；《进口许可证程序协议》；《反倾销协议》；《补贴与反补贴措施协议》；《保障措施协议》。世界贸易组织法律制度概述附件1B：《服务贸易协定》及各附件（GATS)附件1C：《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(TRIPS)附件2：《关于争议解决规则和程序的谅解备忘录》（DSU）附件3：《贸易政策评审机制》附件4：诸边协议（PlurilateralTradeAgreements)——《民用航空器贸易协议》、《政府采购协议》、《国际奶制品协议》、《国际牛肉协议世界贸易组织法律制度概述二、世界贸易组织的宗旨、目标和基本原则（一）宗旨和目标《建立世界贸易组织》序言世界贸易组织法律制度概述MarrakeshAgreementestablishingtheWTOOBJECTIVESRaisingStandardsoflivingEnsuringfullemploymentEnsuring

largeandsteadilygrowingvolumeofrealincomeandeffectivedemandExpanding

theproductionofandtradeingoods

and

services,whileallowingfortheoptimaluseoftheworld’sresources(sustainabledevelopment)…seekingbothtoprotectandpreservetheenvironmentandtoenhancethemeansfordoingsoinaamannerconsistentwiththeir(thePartiestotheAgreement)respectiveneedsandconcernsatdifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.世界贸易组织法律制度概述（二）世界贸易组织的基本原则1.非歧视的贸易最惠国待遇国民待遇2.更加自由的贸易3.可预见性4.促进公平竞争5.鼓励发展和经济改革世界贸易组织法律制度概述三、世界贸易组织的职能、法律地位和组织机构（一）职能促进协定的执行提供谈判场所解决争端贸易政策审查（二）法律地位具有法人资格每个成员享有特权与豁免世界贸易组织法律制度概述FUNCTIONS(1)Frameworktofacilitatetheimplementation,administrationandoperationof

WTOAgreementsFrameworktofurthertheobjectivesoftheWTOAgreementsForumfornegotiationsinmattersdealtwithundertheWTOAgreements世界贸易组织法律制度概述FUNCTIONS(2)Forumfor

furthernegotiations

(newrulesanddisciplines)Frameworktofacilitatetheimplementation,administrationandoperationofnewagreementsFUNCTIONS(3)Frameworktoadministerthe

UnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDispute(DSU)Frameworktoadministerthe

TradePolicyReviewMechanism(TPRM)世界贸易组织法律制度概述三、世界贸易组织的职能、法律地位和组织机构(三）组织机构部长会议MinisterialConference总理事会GeneralCouncil秘书处Secretariat四、世界贸易组织的决策机制协商一致Consensus投票决定

¾反向一致世界贸易组织法律制度概述MEMBERSOBSERVERSSECRETARIATMINISTERIALCONFERENCEGENERALCOUNCILHORIZONTALISSUESGOODSSERVICESINTERLLECTUALPROPERTYPLURILATERALAGREEMENTSMINISTERIALCONFERENCEThehighestauthorityintheWTOMeatsatleastonceeverytwoyears:1996:Singapore1998:Geneva1999:Seattle2001:Doha2003:Cancun2005:HongKong,ChinaGENERALCOUNCILConductsthefunctionsoftheMINISTERIALCONFERENCEwhentheConferenceisnotinsession.PANELSAPPELLATEBODYGENERALCOUNCILDISPUTESETTLEMENTBODY(DSB)TRADEPOLICYREVIEWBODY(TPRB)COUNCILFORTRADEINGOODSCOMMITTEESMarketAccessAgricultureSanitaryandPhytosanitarymeasures(SPS)TechnicalBarrierstotrade(TBT)Subsidiesandcountervailingmeasures(SMC)Antidumping(ADP)Safeguards(SG)Customsvaluation(VAL)Rulesoforigin(RO)ImportLicensingprocedures(LIC)Trade-relatedinvestmentmeasures(TRIMs)[TextileMonitoringBody]WORKINGPARTY

onStateTradingEnterprisesPLURILATERALCOMMITTEEInformationTechnologyAgreement(ITA)COUNCILFORTRADEINGOODS(CTG)OverseesthefunctioningofAnnex1ACOUNCILFORTRADEINSERVICES

COMMITTEESTradeinFinancialservicesSpecificcommitments

WORKINGGROUPSDomesticRegulationGATSRulesCOUNCILFORTRADEINSERVICESOverseesthefunctioningofAnnex1BCOUNCILFORTRADE-RELATEDASPECTSOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS(TRIPS)OverseesthefunctioningofAnnex1CTRIPSCOUNCILCOMMITTEESANDWORKINGGROUPSREPORTINGDIRECTLYTOTHEGENERALCOUNCILCOMMITTEESTradeandenvironmentTradeanddevelopmentSub-committeeonLeast-developedcountriesRegionalTradeAgreementsBalance-of-payment(BOP)restrictionsBudget,financeandadministration(BFA)WORKINGGROUPS(PARTIES)AccessionsWORKINGGROUPSTradeandinvestmentTradeandcompetitionpolicyTransparencyinGovernmentProcurementTrade,DebtandFinanceTradeandTransferofTechnologyPLURILATERALCOMMITTEESMonitoringofthePlurilateralAgreements(initiallynegotiatedduringtheTokyoRound)PLURILATERALCOMMITTEESTradeincivilaircraftsGovernmentProcurement(GPA)四、中国与WTO2001年12月11日中国成为WTO成员中国加入世界贸易组织的承诺《中国加入议定书》《中国加入工作组报告》世界贸易组织法律制度概述WTOYears19961998199920012003SingaporeGenevaSeattleDohaCancunTradeandInvestmentTradeandCompetitionPolicyTradeFacilitationTransparencyingovernmentprocurementInformationTechnologyProducts(ITA)ElectroniccommerceDebtandFinanceTransferoftechnology2005HongKongDohaDohaDevelopmentAgenda