【01-暑假复习】专题02 句子成分和基本句型 (初高中衔接) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)

PAGE1专题02句子成分和基本句型内容导航考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破核心考点聚焦考点考点一八种句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。（一）．主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。(1)Englishisnoteasytolearnwell.(名词)(2)TheystudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.(代词)(3)Fiveplusfiveisten.(数词)(4)Doingexercisesisapleasurewhilemakingoneishardwork.(动名词)(5)Tostudyismyjob.(不定式)（二）谓语说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。(1)HestudiesEnglishveryhard.(实义动词)(2)Collectingstampsismyhobby.(系动词)(3)Thegirllooksbeautifulinthenewdress.(半系动词)(4)Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(感官动词)(5)Wehavefinishedreadingthistaskontime.(助动词＋实义动词)(6)ThelittleboycanspeakEnglishfluently.(情态动词＋实义动词)(7)Helookedfortwovividstories.(动词短语)（三）表语表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。(1)It’seasytolearnEnglishwell.(形容词)(2)Heturnedteacherafterschool.(名词)(3)Heisstillatwork.(介词短语)(4)Mywishistobecomeateacher.(不定式短语)（四）宾语指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或者介词之后。(1)Mydaughterisplayingthepianoatonce.(名词)(2)Whydoyoufollowthem?(代词)(3)WeareproudofbeingChinese.(动名词)(4)Hewantedtoleaveherenow.(不定式)(5)Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.(从句)(6)Showmethisway，please.(me作间接宾语；thisway作直接宾语)（五）宾语补足语用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。(1)Ifindhereasytogetalongwellwith.(形容词作宾语补语)(2)Pleasekeepthedogout.(副词作宾语补语)(3)Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.(名词作宾语补语)(4)Makeyourselfathome.(介词短语作宾语补语)(5)Thedoctoradvisedthepatientstogiveupsmoking.(不定式短语作宾语补语)(6)Theycaughttheboycopyingintheexam.(现在分词作宾语补语)(7)Hegothislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.(过去分词作宾语补语)（六）定语对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。(1)Herearetworedapples.(数词＋形容词)(2)Helikestomatoandeggnoodles.(名词)(3)ThegirlinredisLiLei'ssister.(介词短语)(4)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.(现在分词短语)(5)Whatdoyouthinkofthebookboughtfromthebookstore?(过去分词短语)(6)Hewasthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(不定式)(7)Theladywhoiswearingareddressisournewteacher.(定语从句)（七）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。Tired,hewenttobedimmediately.(形容词)形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末,用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。(2)Herunsveryfast.(副词)(3)Withouthishelp，wecouldn'tfinishthetaskaheadoftime.(介词短语)(4)Hestoppedtomakeattempts.(不定式短语)(5)Seeingnobodyin，Ilockedthedoorandleft.(现在分词短语)(6)Borninthisbeautifultown，hewantstoworkhere.(过去分词短语)(7)Hedoesn'tlikesoapoperasbecausetheyareboring.(状语从句)（八）同位语若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。(1)Beijing，thecapitalofChina，isinthenorthofChina.(名词)(2)Areyouthreereadytostart?(数词)(3)Thenewsthathewonthematchisveryencouraging.(从句)Therecan'tbeanymistakeinhispassage.他的文章不可能有任何错误。考点考点二八种基本句型（一）.SV句式:主语+谓语(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，其后可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Timeflies.时间飞逝。Ineverstop.我永不停止。（二）.SVA句式:主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语ChrisandTimworkatazoo.克里斯和蒂姆在一家动物园工作。Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.这个发展不是一夜之间发生的。（三）.SVO句式:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词，所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语。Thiscanaffectyourwork.这会影响你的工作。Littlechildrenshouldnotwearmasksforalongtime.婴幼儿不应长时间戴口罩。（四）.SVOA句式:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语AndrewMazolenyisfinishinghislunchatthebar.安德鲁·马佐莱尼正在酒吧吃午饭。Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmyesterday.我们昨天在农场栽了很多树。（五）.SVOO句式:主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语在这种句型中，直接宾语由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有buy，pass，lend，give，tell，teach，show，bring，send等。Iwilltellyousomedetails.我将告诉你一些细节。Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.它给我们一种非常平静的感觉。【名师点津】常见的接双宾语的及物动词(1)give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。(2)buy,do,get,fetch,save,make,sing,choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。(3)ask,answer,take,cost等无法改变结构形式。Thiscarcostme2,000yuanfortherepair.这次修车花了我两千元。（六）.SVOC句式:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语此句型中的“宾语＋补语”称为“复合宾语”。Youcanmakeabroomstanduprighttoday.你今天可以让扫把立起来。Asahighschoolstudent,IconsiderEnglishaveryimportantsubject.作为一名高中生,我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。（七）.SVP句式:主语+连系动词+表语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作(连)系动词。系动词分两类：（1）．表示状态。这类系动词有be，look，seem，smell，taste，sound，keep等。如：Weareallstudents.我们都是学生。Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物尝起来很可口。（2）．表示变化。这类系动词有become，turn，get，grow，go等。如：Allmyhairturnsgrey.我的头发全都变灰色。Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树长得比以前高多了。注意：be本身没有什么意义，只起连接主语和表语的作用。其他系动词仍保持其部分词义。（八）.Therebe句型Therebe句型表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。there是引导词，be后面的名词是主语，句子的结尾是时间或地点状语。【温馨提示】(1)．Therebe句型中的主谓一致原则当主语是两个或两个以上的名词或短语并列时，be的形式与之靠近的一个名词或短语保持一致。(2)．Therebe句型中常用的动词Therebe结构中的谓语动词be有时可以用seemtobe，happentobe，islikelytobe或半系动词remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur等替换。(3)．Therebe句型中动词的形式Therebe结构有不同的时态的形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。考点一句子成分1．NowthatJennifercouldn’tattendthemeeting,______herplace?A．whodoyousuggestthattake B．whodoyousuggesttakeC．whomdoyousuggestshouldtake D．whoyousuggestthattakes2．OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,________someapplesandvisitedhercousin.A．bought B．buying C．tobuy D．havingbought考点二基本句型1．Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmoreenjoyable.A．主谓宾宾补B．主系表状C．主谓宾状D．状主谓宾2．TheunitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.A．主谓宾状从B．主系表定从C．主谓宾定从D．主系表状从难点一宾语补足语1．Thechangewon’tmakeyoudisappointed.(对划线部分进行句子成分划分)A．谓语 B．主语 C．宾补 D．直接宾语2．Atage50,shefoundherselfoutofworkandstuckathomewithonlyhercomputertokeephercompany.画横线的部分在句子中作什么成分?A．宾语 B．宾补 C．状语 D．定语难点二定语3．（24-25高一上·广东珠海·阶段练习）OurEnglishteacherrecommendedusareferencebookwhosecontentwasdetailedandwell-organized.请判断划线部分的句子成分：________A．object(宾语) B．attributive(定语) C．adverbial(状语) D．complement(补语)4．指出句子“Ilikethebookwhichhasmanypictures.”中修饰“book”的定语是什么。5．请找出句子“ThestudentsfromClassTwoareveryactive.”中修饰“students”的定语是什么。提升专练单项选择1．NowthatJennifercouldn’tattendthemeeting,______herplace?A．whodoyousuggestthattake B．whodoyousuggesttakeC．whomdoyousuggestshouldtake D．whoyousuggestthattakes2．OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,________someapplesandvisitedhercousin.A．bought B．buying C．tobuy D．havingbought3．Inthefollowingsentence,“Thinkingaboutotherpeople’ssituationsinspiredmetoofferhelp.”what’sthesubject?A．situationsB．otherpeople’ssituationsC．Thinkingaboutotherpeople’ssituationsD．Thinkingabout4．“Ireland’sbeautifulcountrysidehasalwayshadagreatinfluenceonitspeopleandtraditions.”其中这个句子的谓语是什么?A．has B．hadC．hadagreatinfluenceon D．hashad5．Whichpartisobjectcomplement(宾语补足语)ofthesentencebelow?“Ifoundhercryinginthegarden.”A．found B．her C．crying D．inthegarden6．OurEnglishteacherrecommendedusareferencebookwhosecontentwasdetailedandwell-organized.请判断划线部分的句子成分：________A．object(宾语) B．attributive(定语) C．adverbial(状语) D．complement(补语)7．XieLeiisstudyingforabusinessqualificationatauniversityinChinaandhascometoouruniversityonayear-longexchangeprogramme.本句中atauniversityinChina做什么句子成分?A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语8．短语“slowlyandsteadily”在句子中一般充当________A．主语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．表语9．What’sthesubjectcomplementinthesentence“Thedoorwaspaintedwhite.”?A．Thedoor B．waspaintedC．white D．Noneofthem10．Inthesentence“Wemadetheroomclean.”,thecomplementis_____.A．We B．madeC．theroom D．clean11．What’stheobjectinthesentence“Ilovemusic.”?A．I. B．love.C．music. D．Noneofthem.12．Inthesentence“Lilyreadsbookseveryday.”,thesubjectis_____.A．Lily B．readsC．books D．everyday13．“Walkinginthepark,aflowercaughtmyeye.”Thissentenceiswrongbecausethelogicalsubjectof“Walkinginthepark”isnotthesameasthesubjectofthesentence.Thecorrectsubjectof“Walkinginthepark”shouldbe______.A．anyone B．aflower C．thepark D．I14．“Thestoryisexciting.”Inthissentence,“exciting”isapresentparticipleusedas______.A．anattributive B．apredicative C．anadverbial D．anobjectcomplement15．Now,walkingalongthebluestonestreetsthere,visitorscanappreciatethedistinctiveHuizhou-stylehousesfeaturingwhitewalls,darktiles(瓦片)andlayeredhorse-headroofs,and_______theyareimmersedinatraditionalChineseinkpainting.A．feellike B．feltlike C．tofeellike D．feelinglike16．Theschooladviserhelpedmechoosetheappropriateones.下划线部分是成分.A．状语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．宾语补足语17．Theorganizersplantoimprovetherobotsandopenthecafeoftentosupportjobcreationforpeoplewithdisabilities.划线部分在句中充当________A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语18．Throughtheseactivitiesweteachstudentsabouttheimportanceofcivicengagementandwemakeitfunforstudentstobeinvolvedinbetteringtheircommunities.划线部分在句中充当________A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语19．Whichpartispredicate(表语)ofthesentencebelow?“Thoughwehaveknowneachotherformanyyears,hestillseemsastrangertome.”A．haveknown B．eachother C．formanyyears D．astrangertome20．Whatkindofphraseistheunderlinedpartofthesentence“Eagertoimprovefarmingconditions,theytriedoutthisnewcroponalargearea.”?A．Adjectivephrase. B．Adverbphrase. C．Nounphrase. D．Verbphrase.21．Whitacre’snexteffortwastheVirtualYouthChoirforUNICEF,whichwasfirstseenonstageon23July2014intheUK.A．主谓宾状从B．主系表状从C．主谓宾定从D．主系表定从22．Hernextgoalistostartacharitywebsitetoraisemoneyforchildreninpoorcountries.A．主谓宾妆B．主系表状C．主谓宾宾补D．状主系表23．Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.A．主系表状B．主谓宾宾补C．主谓宾状D．主同位语谓状24．Thesentencestructureof“Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.”is_______.A．SVO B．SVP C．SVIODO D．SVOOC25．Thebossofferedmeajob.（判断句子结构）A．SP（主语＋系表结构） B．SVIODO（主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）C．SVO(主语+谓语+宾语） D．SVOC（主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）26．Henoticedamanentertheroom.（判断句子结构）A．SP（主语＋系表结构） B．SVOC（主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）C．SVA（主语＋谓语动词＋状语） D．SVIODO（主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）27．_______,sowehadtostayatschoolinsteadofgoingforanouting.A．Thedaybeingcold B．BeingacolddayC．Itwasacoldday D．Becausethecoldday28．Whichsentencehasadifferentsentencestructure(句子结构)fromtheotherthree?A．Hetoldmetokeepcalm.B．Isawherwaitingatthebusstop.C．Ihavesomequestionstoaskyou.D．Hehelpmehavethiswashingmachinerepaired.29．Whatisthemainstructureofthesentence“Theweatherhasturnedcold”?A．S+VP（主语+系动词+表语）B．S+V+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语）C．S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补）D．S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语）30．________foralongtime,buthetriedhisbesttomakeupforwhathemissed.A．Beingill B．Hewasill C．Havingbeenill D．Tobeill31．Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.______(分析句子成分)A．S+V+O B．S+V+DO+IO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C32．Thesentence“Hegavehissisteratoy.”belongstothestructureof_____.A．Subject+Predicate+ObjectB．Subject+LinkingVerb+PredicativeC．Subject+Predicate+IndirectObject+DirectObjectD．Subject+Predicate+Object+Complement33．Inthesentence“Theflowerlooksbeautiful.”,thepredicativeis_____.A．Theflower B．looksC．beautiful D．Noneofthem34．WhichofthefollowingsentencesbelongstotheSubject+Predicatestructure?A．Heisagoodboy. B．Birdsfly.C．Shelikesapples. D．Mymotherboughtmeadress.35．Inthesentence“Lilyreadsbookseveryday.”,thesubjectis_____.A．Lily B．readsC．books D．everyday36．Whichofthesesentenceshasadifferentsentencestructurecomparedtotheothers?A．Hetoldusafunnystory.B．Ericaskedmetohelphim.C．Computersaremakingourlifeeasier.D．Wefounditdifficulttopersuadehimtochangehismind.37．Whichoneofthefollowingsentencesusesthesentencestructureof“主+谓+宾+状”?A．Ifinditimpossibletofinishthetaskintime.B．Theyaretalkingaboutthefilmatthemeeting.C．WehaverealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.D．Iwilltellmyfriendsthisexcitingnews.38．“IdrankacupofcoffeebeforeIleftforschoolthismorning.”该句所属句子基本类型“________”。A．主语+谓语+宾语+状语 B．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语C．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 D．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语39．句子成分分析正确的一项是：（

）HeboughtmesomeinterestingEnglishnovels.A．S＋V＋O+A B．S＋V＋DO+IO C．S＋V＋IO+DO D．S+V+O+C40．分析句子“Ifindthemoviereallyinteresting.”的句子成分和结构。41.分析句子成分，选择正确的句子结构选项A．SVA