北京市西城区2024-2025学年高一年级下册期末考试英语试题（解析版）

北京市西城区2024-2025学年度第二学期期末试卷

高一英语

2025.7

本试卷共16页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交

回。

第I卷（共75分）

L听力理解（共三节，22.5分）

第一节：（共4小题；每小题L5分，共6分）

听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1.Howwillthespeakersgototheweekendmarket?

A.Bybike.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.

2.Wheredidthemanputthekeys?

A.OntheTVstand.B.Inhisjacketpocket.C.Onthekitchentable.

3.Whichexhibitionisthewomangoingtovisit?

A.Photography.B.Painting.C.Sculpture.

4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Wheretobuynecessarymedicine.B.Whentoissueahurricanewarning.

C.Whattopreparebeforeanaturaldisaster.

第二节：（共6小题；每小题L5分，共9分）

听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段对话你将听两遍。

听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。

5.Whatiswrongwiththewoman'sphone?

A.Itsscreenisbroken.B.Itwon'tturnonproperly.C.Thesoftwarecan'tbeupdated.

6.Whatistheman?

A.Asalesman.B.Anengineer.C.Awaiter.

听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。

7.Whatisthewoman5smajornow?

A.Appliedphysics.B.Englishliterature.C.Computerprogramming.

8.Wheremighttheconversationtakeplace?

A.Inalibrary.B.Inatheatre.C.Inaschool.

听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。

9.Whenwillthefoodfestivalstart?

A.OnAugust5h.B.OnAugust15h.C.OnAugust25h.

10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?

A.Toapplyforastand.B.Tosellseasonalfruits.C.Tosolveschedulingproblems.

第三节：（共5小题；每小题L5分，共7.5分）

听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅

填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。

HowtoSaveEnergyatHome

Useenergy-saving■Upgradetoenergy-savingfridgesandwashingmachines

appliances■ChangetoLEDlightsto11lightingenergyuse

Practisesensibleenergy■Turnofflightswhenleavingaroom

12_■13electronicswhentheyarenotinuse

■Use15blinds:closethematnightinwintertokeepheat

14heatingandinand...

coolingneeds■Changeyourair-conditionertemperatureto27℃insummerand

heaterto20℃inwinter

H.完形填空（共15小题；每小题L5分，共22.5分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处

的最佳选项。

WhenIwaseight,myfatherleft.Mymotherbecameasinglemomofsixboys,workingseveraljobstokeep

usfedandsheltered.Lifeforuswas1.WhenIwashavingahardtimeadaptingtomynot-so-happylife,

IwaspairedwithPaulinanAmeriCorpsprogram.

Paulisasystemsengineer.HecameintomylifewhenI2himthemost.Hebecametheonly

educatedpersoninmyyounglifetowhomIcouldtalkandlooktofor3.Hebecamealightthathelped

leadmetowardsabetterlife.AsIgrewup,wewouldgooutandhavefuntogether.OfallthememoriesIhavewith

him,onememory4inparticular.WewenttotheBostonHarborIslandsforatripinthemiddleofwinter.

NotpayingattentiontoPauFs5,1wasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillswhenIfoundmyself

6falling15feetintotheicyharbor!PoorPaulquickly7meoutofthewater,andtogether,we

gottorideaboatbacktoBostonfrominsidetheheatedcaptain'sroom.Notallofourmomentswerethisdramatic,

8eachwasspecial.Webakedcookies,wewenttothemovies,andweevenchangedcarbatteries

together!Duringourtimetogether,PaulreallylistenedtowhatIsaidandkeptshowingmethatI9.

Unlikesomanypoorly-educatedpeopleinmychildhoodneighborhood,I,10byPaul,wentto

college.Aftermanyyears,Istartedmyown11.1completelyenjoythelifeofabusinessman,withallits

upsanddowns.Ifeel12thatthroughmydifficultchildhood,Idevelopedmyfoundation-extreme

patienceanddetermination,andastrong13toalwaysdogood.

Ihavecomealongwayfrommyhardbeginnings.Paulwouldtellyouthatheisjusta(n)14guy,

whojustshowedup.Butnotme,whenIlookatPaul,Iseemyhero.Whenlifewasstacked(处于劣势)againstme,

hewasthere,movingmecloserandclosertoabetterlife.Anditmadea15

1.A.boringB.busyC.toughD.meaningless

2.A.trustedB.missedC.admiredD.needed

3.A.guidanceB.acceptanceC.respectD.comfort

4.A.wearsoffB.sticksoutC.flashesbackD.getsaway

5.A.warningB.reactionC.promiseD.comment

6.A.smoothlyB.effortlesslyC.accidentallyD.secretly

7.A.forcedB.pulledC.heldD.threw

8.A.andB.althoughC.becauseD.unless

9.A.succeededB.changedC.progressedD.mattered

10.A.impressedB.touchedC.encouragedD.praised

11.A.familyB.companyC.communityD.union

12.A.confidentB.curiousC.powerfulD.fortunate

13.A.desireB.emotionC.abilityD.build

14.A.regularB.familiarC.amazingD.optimistic

15.A.connectionB.pointC.recordD.difference

【答案】l.C2.D3.A4,B5.A6.C7.B8.B9.D10.C11.B12.

D13.A14.A15.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在困难时期得到Paul的帮助，从而走向成功并心怀感恩

的故事。

【1题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的生活很艰难。A.boring无聊的；B.busy忙碌的；C.tough艰难的；D.

meaningless无意义的。根据上文“Mymotherbecameasinglemomofsixboys,workingseveraljobstokeepus

fedandsheltered.可知，作者母亲独自抚养六个孩子，生活很艰难。故选C。

【2题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在我最需要他的时候走进了我的生活。A.trusted信任；B.missed错过；C.

admired钦佩；D.needed需要。根据下文“HebecametheonlyeducatedpersoninmyyounglifetowhomI

couldtalk”、^Hebecamealightthathelpedleadmetowardsabetterlife^、Whenlifewasstackedagainst

me,hewasthere,movingmecloserandclosertoabetterlife.可知，他成了作者年轻时唯一能和他交谈的受

过教育的人，他成了引领作者走向更美好生活的明灯，所以此处指他在作者最需要他的时候走进了作者的

生活，故选D。

【3题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他成为了我年轻时唯一一个受过教育的人，我可以和他交谈并寻求指导。A.

guidance指导；B.acceptance接受；C.respect尊重；D.comfort安慰。根据上文“Hebecametheonly

educatedpersoninmyyounglife”可知，Paul是受过教育的人，因此作者可以向他寻求指导，故选A。

【4题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有和他在一起的回忆中，有一个记忆特别突出。A.wearsoff磨损；B.

sticksout突出；C.flashesback回闪；D.getsaway离开。根据下文“NotpayingattentiontoPaul's___

5,Iwasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillswhenIfoundmyself6falling15feetintotheicy

harbor!PoorPaulquickly7meoutofthewater,andtogether,wegottorideaboatbacktoBostonfrom

insidetheheatedcaptain飞room.”可知，下文描述的作者和Paul去波士顿港群岛旅行的经历可知，这个记

忆特别突出，故选B。

【5题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有注意Paul的警告，当我发现自己意外地从15英尺高的地方掉进冰冷的

港口时，我正在炫耀我的跳岩技巧！A.warning警告；B.reaction反应；C.promise承诺；D.comment评

论。根据下文“Iwasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillswhenIfoundmyself6falling15feetintothe

icyharbor”可知，作者没有注意Paul的警告，发生了意外。故选A。

【6题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.smoothly顺利地；B.effortlessly轻松地；C.accidentally意外地；D.

secretly秘密地。根据上文u\wasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillsv和下文^falling15feetintotheicy

harbor”可知，作者是在炫耀跳岩技巧，因此是意外掉进港口，故选C。

【7题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：可怜的Paul很快把我从水里拉了出来，我们一起从加热的船长室里乘船回到波

士顿。A.forced强迫；B.pulled拉;C.held握住；D.threw扔。根据下文“meoutofthewater"可知,Paul

把作者从水里拉了出来，故选B。

【8题详解】

考查连词词义辨析。句意：并不是我们所有的时刻都这么戏剧化，但每一个都很特别。A.and和；B.

although虽然；C.because因为；D.unless除非。根据上文"Notallofourmomentswerethisdramatic和下

文“eachwasspecial”可知，前后是转折关系，故选B。

【9题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们相处的时间里，Paul真的听我说了什么，并一直向我展示我很重要。A.

succeeded成功；B.changed改变；C.progressed进步；D.mattered重要。根据上文"Paulreallylistenedto

whatIsaid”可知，Paul倾听作者说话，让作者感到自己很重要，故选D。

【10题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：与童年时邻居中许多受教育程度低的人不同，在Paul的鼓励下，我上了大学。

A.impressed给...留下深刻印象；B.touched感动；C.encouraged鼓励；D.praised表扬。根据上文

uUnlikesomanypoorly-educatedpeopleinmychildhoodneighborhood以及下文wenttocollegew可知，

作者在Paul的鼓励下上了大学，故选C。

【11题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，我创办了自己的公司。A.family家庭；B.company公司；C.

community社区；D.union联盟。根据下文“Icompletelyenjoythelifeofabusinessman”可知，作者创办了

自己的公司，故选B。

【12题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很幸运，通过我艰难的童年，我建立了我的基础——极度的耐心和决

心，以及总是做好事的强烈愿望。A.confident自信的；B.curious好奇的；C.powerful强大的；D.

fortunate幸运的。根据下文uthroughmydifficultchildhood,Idevelopedmyfoundation-extremepatienceand

determination”可知，作者感到很幸运，故选D。

【13题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.desire愿望；B.emotion情感；C.ability能力；D.build建造。根据下文

“toalwaysdogood”可知，作者有总是做好事的强烈愿望，故选A。

【14题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Paul会告诉你，他只是一个普通人，只是出现了。A.regular普通的；B.

familiar熟悉的；C.amazing惊人的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据下文“whojustshowedup.Butnotme,when

IlookatPaul,Iseemyhero”可知，虽然作者认为Paul是自己的英雄，Paul认为自己只是一个普通人，故

选Ao

【15题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这产生了影响。A.connection连接；B.point点；C.record记录；D.difference

不同o根据上文“Whenlifewasstackedagainstme,hewasthere,movingmecloserandclosertoabetterlife.”

可知，Paul对作者产生了影响，makeadifference"产生影响”，故选D。

HL阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Planningacampingtripthissummer?Canadahasavarietyofoptions.Wehandselectedthesesitesforyou

becausecampingissuchanimportantpartofthesummerexperienceinourcountry.

PacificRimNationalPark

Themaindraw:LongBeachisthebestPacificexperience-22kilometresofsandwithahorizonthat

disappearsintotheocean.Thecampsitesheresitveryclosetotheocean.

Thingstodo:Startbyexploringthebeach.Ofcourse,youcanalsogoforaswim,butbeawarethatthewater

isabout10℃.Ifyou9reintosurfing,therearealmostalwayswavesatLongBeach.Greywhalesspendthesummer

inthewatersjustoffshore,providingwhalewatchingopportunities.

AliceLakeProvincialPark

Themaindraw:Whatthissmallparklacksinsize,itmakesupforinlocation,sittingjustnorthofSquamish

一"Canada'sOutdoorRecreationCapital”.Campgroundpathslinkintothearea'sworld-classmountain-biking

network.

Thingstodo:YoucanwarmupforSquamishmountainbikingwithathree-kilometreridestartingjustoutside

thecampground.YoucanalsocooloffwithaswiminAliceLakeorrelaxonitssandybeaches.Anddon'tmiss

Squamish'sHoweSoundrestauranthere,youcantrytheirdeliciouswood-firedpizza.

MountRobsonProvincialPark

Themaindraw:There5snobetterplacetoadmirethehighestmountainintheCanadianRockiesthanatthe

BergLakeCampground.Thecampgroundislocatedbesideasmalllakethatcontainsminiicebergsthathavebroken

offfromaglacier（冰川）onthemountainabove.

Thingstodo:TheBergLakeareahasseveralworld-classhikes.TheSnowbirdPasshikeisatough22-kilometre

roundtrip.Thelakeprovidesapeacefulandbeautifulenvironmentforvisitorstoboatandenjoythesurrounding

mountainscenery.

PeterLougheedProvincialPark

Themaindraw:ThiscampingareainAlberta'sKananaskisCountryispopularwiththelocals.Ithasallthe

characteristicsyougetinnearbyBanff,butwithoutthecrowds.Youcanonlyreachitbyhikingforaboutthree

kilometres.

Thingstodo:Besidesfishing,youcanrelaxintheflower-filledfieldsandenjoynicemountainviewsatSouth

KananaskisPass.Usekayaks（皮戈艇）toexploretheshorelineofUpperKananaskisLake.

16.WhatcanvisitorsdoinPacificRim-NationalPark?

A.Enjoyfishing.B.Watchgreywhales.

C.Trymountainbiking.D.Eatawood-firedpizza.

17.Ifyouwanttogoforworld-classhikes,youcanexplore

A.PacificRimNationalParkB.AliceLakeProvincialPark

C.MountRobsonProvincialParkD.PeterLougheedProvincialPark

18.Whatdothefourparkshaveincommon?

A.Theyallofferwateractivities.B.Theyallhavepeacefulcampsites.

C.Theyallfeaturebeautifulmountainviews.D.Theyallmakegooddestinationsforhiking.

【答案】16.B17.C18.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加拿大四个夏季可露营的公园，包括各自的特色和提供的游玩

项目。

【16题详解】

细节理解题。根据PacificRimNationalPark部分"Greywhalesspendthesummerinthewatersjustoffshore,

providingwhalewatchingopportunities4灰鲸在近海水域度过夏天，为观赏鲸鱼提供了机会）“可知，在

PacificRim-NationalPark游客可以观看灰鲸。故选B。

【17题详解】

细节理解题。根据MountRobsonProvincialPark部分“TheBergLakeareahasseveralworld-classhikes.（贝

格湖地区有几处世界级的徒步旅行）”可知，如果想体验世界级的徒步旅行，可以探索MountRobson

ProvincialParko故选C。

【18题详解】

细节理解题。根据PacificRimNationalPark部分uStartbyexploringthebeach.Ofcourse,youcanalsogofor

aswim,butbeawarethatthewaterisabout10℃.Ifyou'reintosurfing,therearealmostalwayswavesatLong

Beach.（从探索海滩开始。当然，你也可以去游泳，但要注意水温约为10C。如果你喜欢冲浪，长滩几乎总

是有海浪）"，AliceLakeProvincialPark"YoucanalsocooloffwithaswiminAliceLakeorrelaxon

itssandybeaches.（你也可以在爱丽丝湖游泳降温，或者在沙滩上放松）"，MountRobsonProvincialPark部

分“Thelakeprovidesapeacefulandbeautifulenvironmentforvisitorstoboatandenjoythesurrounding

mountainscenery.（湖提供了一个宁静而美丽的环境，供游客划船和欣赏周围的山景）”和PeterLougheed

ProvincialPark部分“Usekayaks（皮戈U艇）toexploretheshorelineofUpperKananaskisLake.（使用皮戈U艇探

索上卡纳纳斯基湖的海岸线）”可知，四个公园都提供了水上活动。故选A。

B

Fouryearsago,ChristinatraveledtoIndiawithherfamily.AtamarketinBombay,shewassurprisedtosee

rowsofobjectsmadeofivory（象牙）.Globally,theivorytradehasbeenagainstthelawformorethan30years,and

elephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.

Curious,Christinadidsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockingpieceofdata:Africa^forestelephant

populationhaddroppedbyabout62percentbetween2008and2019.Andthenumberscontinuetodrop.Awildlife

lover,Christinawantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesthatisstillthreatenedbypoaching（偷猎）.

Overthecourseoftwoyears,ChristinacreatedElSa（shortforelephantsavior）,alow-costmodelofanAI-

drivensoftwarethatlooksatmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared（热能红夕卜）videosofhumansandelephants.

Christinasaysthesoftwareisfourtimesmoreaccurate（精确的）thanexistingadvancedmethods.EISausesa

thermalcamerathatconnectstoasmartphone.Thecameraandthephonearethenattachedtoadrone,andthe

systemproducesreal-timeresultsasitfliesoverparks,showingwhetherobjectsbelowarehumanorelephant.Her

projectwonanawardintheworld'slargestinternationalpre-collegeSTEMcompetition.

ChristinafirstlearnedaboutthecapabilitiesofAIjustafterninthgrade.OnceatanAIconference,Christina

metAprilMoss,aHarvardcomputerscientistwhowasworkingonawildlifeprotectionprojectusingdronesand

machinelearning.Christinareachedouttothecomputerscientistaboutherideatocatchelephantpoachersusing

movementpatterns,andMosswashappytohelpherwiththesoftwareproject.Afternumerousimprovements,

ChristinafinallycreatedEISa,whichwasabletopickouthumanswithover90percentaccuracy.

Inthefall,ChristinawillattendtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,whereshewantstostudyelectrical

engineeringandcomputerscience.Shehasplanstoenlargehermovementpatternresearchintootherendangered

animals.AndshewantstobeginusinghersoftwareinnationalparksinAfrica.

""Researchisn'tastraightline,^^Christinasays."Thathasmadememoreresourceful.Italsohelpedme

developintoamorecreativethinker.Youlearnalongtheway.”

19.Whichistheprobableorderofthefollowingevents?

①ChristinasawivoryproductsonsaleinBombay.②ChristinacreatedElSa.

③ChristinaattendedanAIconference.

A.①②③B.②③①C.①③②D.③①②

20.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatElSa.

A.ismorecost-savingthantheexistingmodel

B.canidentifypoachersusingmovementpatterns

C.isgoodattellingthedifferencesbetweenanimals

Dcanpredictthemovementsofhumansandelephants

21.WhatisChristina'sfutureplan?

A.Tostudywildlifeprotectioninuniversity.B.TotakepartinacollegeSTEMcompetition.

C.ToworkwithAprilMossonaprojectinAfrica.D.Toapplyhersoftwaretootherendangeredanimals.

22.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordswouldbestdescribeChristina?

A.Honestandresourceful.B.Responsibleandcreative.

C.Generousandintelligent.D.Considerateandhard-working.

【答案】19.C20.B21.D22.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述克里斯蒂娜因目睹象牙贸易，研发AI软件ElSa识别偷猎者，获

大奖，计划扩展至其他濒危动物保护，从中学会应变与创新。

【19题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Fouryearsago,ChristinatraveledtoIndiawithherfamily.AtamarketinBombay,

shewassurprisedtoseerowsofobjectsmadeofivory（象牙）.（四年前，克里斯蒂娜和家人一起去了印度。在孟

买一个市场里，她惊讶地看到一排排用象牙制成的物品）”、第四段“Christinafirstlearnedaboutthe

capabilitiesofAIjustafterninthgrade.OnceatanAIconference,ChristinametAprilMoss,aHarvardcomputer

scientistwhowasworkingonawildlifeprotectionprojectusingdronesandmachinelearning.Christinareached

outtothecomputerscientistaboutherideatocatchelephantpoachersusingmovementpatterns,andMosswas

happytohelpherwiththesoftwareproject』克里斯蒂娜第一次了解到人工智能的能力是在九年级之后。有一

次在一次人工智能会议上，克里斯蒂娜遇到了哈佛大学的计算机科学家艾普莉•莫斯，她正在研究一个使

用无人机和机器学习的野生动物保护项目。克里斯蒂娜向这位计算机科学家提出了利用运动模式捕捉偷猎

者的想法，莫斯很乐意帮助她完成这个软件项目）”以及第三段中"Overthecourseoftwoyears,Christina

createdElSa（shortforelephantsavior）,alow-costmodelofanAl-drivensoftwarethatlooksatmovementpatterns

inthermalinfrared（热能红外）videosofhumansandelephants.（在两年的时间里，克里斯蒂娜创造了ElSa（大

象救世主的缩写），这是一款低成本的人工智能驱动软件，可以观察人类和大象的热红外视频中的运动模

式。）”可推知事件顺序为：先看到象牙制品（①），再参加AI会议，遇到正在研究一个使用无人机和机器

学习的野生动物保护项目的计算机科学家艾普莉•莫斯（③），最后创建ElSa（②）。正确顺序为①③②。

故选Co

【20题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"ElSausesathermalcamerathatconnectstoasmartphone.Thecameraandthe

phonearethenattachedtoadrone,andthesystemproducesreal-timeresultsasitfliesoverparks,showingwhether

objectsbelowarehumanorelephant.（艾尔莎使用的热像仪连接到智能手机上。然后将摄像头和手机连接到一

架无人机上，当无人机飞过公园上空时，系统会产生实时结果，显示下面的物体是人还是大象。）”以及第

四段中uChristinareachedouttothecomputerscientistaboutherideatocatchelephantpoachersusingmovement

patterns,andMosswashappytohelpherwiththesoftwareproject.Afternumerousimprovements,Christina

finallycreatedElSa,whichwasabletopickouthumanswithover90percentaccuracy.（克里斯蒂娜向这位计算机

科学家提出了利用运动模式捕捉偷猎者的想法，莫斯很乐意帮助她完成这个软件项目。经过多次改进，克

里斯蒂娜最终创造了ElSa,它能够以超过90%的准确率辨别出人类。）”可知，ElSa能够通过运动模式来

识别偷猎者。故选B。

[21题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Shehasplanstoenlargehermovementpatternresearchintootherendangered

animals.（她打算将自己在动物运动模式方面的研究拓展到其他濒危动物身上）”可知，克里斯蒂娜的未来计

划是将她的软件应用到其他濒危动物身上。故选D。

【22题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段"Awildlifelover,Christinawantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesthatis

stillthreatenedbypoaching（偷猎）.（作为一名野生动物爱好者，克里斯蒂娜想要做点事情来帮助保护这个仍

然受到偷猎威胁的物种）"以及第三段aOverthecourseoftwoyears,ChristinacreatedElSa（shortforelephant

savior）,alow-costmodelofanAl-drivensoftwarethatlooksatmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared（热能红夕卜）

videosofhumansandelephants.（在两年的时间里，克里斯蒂娜创造了ElSa（大象救世主的缩写），这是一种

低成本的人工智能驱动软件模型，可以观察人类和大象的热红外视频中的运动模式）”可知，克里斯蒂娜责

任心强且富有创造力。故选B。

C

Docatsrememberwhotheirmotheris?Theanswertothisquestionisabitcomplex.Catsareunsocial

animals.Theirrelationshipsdon'tfunctionthesameasthoseofpeople.Therefore,catsdon'tremembertheir

mothersinthesamewaythathumansdo.

Catsusesmelltoidentifyoneanother.Mothersandkittensmaycontinuetorecognizeeachotheriftheyare

neverseparated.Iftheyareseparated,theywilllikelynotrecognizeeachotherwhentheyarereunited.Afterall.

theirsmellwillhavechanged,whichwillcausetheir“identity“tochange.Evenifamotherandherkittensaren't

separated,akitten'ssmellwillbegintochangewhenitisaround12weeksold.

Beforethen,thekittensspendtheirtimeinanestingbox,whichcausesthemtodevelopauniquesmell.After

theystopspendingsomuchtimeintheirbox,thesmellslowlygoesaway,andthecatswilladoptthesmelloftheir

environment.Eventually,itwillchangeenoughtopreventthecatsfromidentifyingeachotheraslittermates（同窝

出生的仔畜）.

Domothercatsknowwhotheirkittensare?Variousstudieshavebeenperformedonwhethercatshavean

inbornsenseofwhotheirkittensare.Mostcatsacceptanykittenthatsuckles（吮吸）onthem.Youcantakekittens

fromdifferentmothersandgivethemtothesamemothercat,andshewilltypicallyacceptthem.Therefore,cats

likelydon'thaveastrongsenseofwhichkittensare“theirs”.Theytakecareofwhicheverkittensareintheir

nestingbox.

However,catstypicallyusesmelltorecognizeothercatsthattheyknow.Kittensthatspendtimeinamother's

nestingboxwillusuallybecaredforbythatmother,asthey“smell“likeherkittens.Thisistrueevenifthekittens

aren'tbiologicallyhers.

Therefore,themothercatdoesn'tknowwhichkittensshegavebirthto.However,thereisasenseofwhich

kittensare"hers"basedonwhichonesareinhernestingboxandsmelllikeit.Ifanykittensdisappear,shewill

likelynoticeandlookforthem.

Butthatisn'talwaystrue.Sometimes,catsdon'trealizethattheyhavefewerkittens.Whenthekittensgrow,

themothermayrecognizethattheyareherkittensiftheyarekeptaroundandnotseparated.However,shewon't

developthesamemother-childrelationshipthathumansdo.Catstypicallydon'tform"family"ties.

23.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobymentioninghumanrelationshipsinParagraph1?

A.Highlightadifference.B.Giveasuggestion.

C.Makeanassumption.D.Expressadoubt.

24.Catsareabletoknowwhotheirmothersarebecauseoftheir.

A.strongattachmentsB.inbornskills

C.biologicalrelationshipD.sharedsmell

25.Regardingamother'srelationshipwithherkittens,wecanlearnthat.

A.mothers5lovefortheirkittenslastsalifetime

B.motherswillmisstheirkittensiftheyareseparated

C.mothersdon'talwaysrememberwhichkittenstheygavebirthto

D.mothersdriveawaytheirkittenswhentheyareabout12weeksold

26.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toshowwhycatsfailtoidentifytheirlittermates.

B.Topointoutwhenkittenstendtoleavetheirmothers.

C.Toexplorewhatfactorsaffectmother-kittenrecognition.

D.Toexplainhowtostrengthencats9mother-childrelationship.

【答案】23.A24.D25.C26.C

【解析】

【导语】这一篇说明文。猫是否记得母亲较复杂，它们靠气味识别，分开后因气味变化可能不认；母猫

也难辨亲生幼崽，通常无人类般母子关系和家庭纽带。

【23题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段Theirrelationshipsdon'tfunctionthesameasthoseofpeople.Therefore,catsdon't

remembertheirmothersinthesamewaythathumansdo.（它们之间的关系与人类的关系有所不同。因此，猫不

会像人类那样记住自己的母亲）”可知，作者在第一段中提及人际关系的目的是强调猫与人类在亲子关系上

的差异。故选A。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段"Catsusesmelltoidentifyoneanother.Mothersandkittensmaycontinuetorecognize

eachotheriftheyareneverseparated.Iftheyareseparated,theywilllikelynotrecognizeeachotherwhentheyare

reunited.Afterall.theirsmellwillhavechanged,whichwillcausetheir"identity"tochange.（猫是通过嗅觉来辨

认彼此的。母猫和小猫即便从未分开过，也能一直认出对方。但如果它们分开后又重新相遇，它们很可能

就无法认出彼此了。毕竟。它们的气味会发生变化，这会导致它们的‘身份'也随之改变）”可知，猫能够

认出自己的母亲，这是因为它们之间有着相似的气味。故选D。

[25题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Therefore,themothercatdoesn'tknowwhichkittensshegavebirthto.（因此，

母猫并不知道自己生下了哪些幼崽）”可知，母猫并不总是能记得自己生下了哪些幼崽。故选C。

[26题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一■段“Docatsrememberwhotheirmotheris?Theanswertothisquestionisabitcomplex.

Catsareunsocialanimals.Theirrelationshipsdon'tfunctionthesameasthoseofpeople.Therefore,catsdon't

remembertheirmothersinthesamewaythathumansdo.（猫能记住自己母亲是谁吗？这个问题的答案有点复

杂。猫是不太善于社交的动物。它们之间的关系与人类的关系有所不同。因此，猫不会像人类那样记住自

己的母亲）”结合文章主要说明了猫是否记得母亲较复杂，它们靠气味识别，分开后因气味变化可能不认；

母猫也难辨亲生幼崽，通常无人类般母子关系和家庭纽带。可知，这篇文章的目的是探究影响母猫与幼猫

识别能力的因素。故选C。

D

A2023studyfromtheUniversityofBathfoundthatyoungergenerationshavehigherlevelsofperfectionism,

orhavingexceptionallyhighstandardsandbeingoverlyself-critical,comparedwithpreviousgenerationsatthe

sameperiodintheirlives.

Usingdatatakenfrom40,000NorthAmericanandBritishuniversitystudents,researchersfoundevidencethat

theextenttowhichyoungpeopleplaceanunreasonableimportanceon“beingperfecf9hadincreased.Growing

competitionforun