《制冷专业英语》课件-Unit1 The Need of Air Conditioning

SectionOne

Unit1:TheNeedofAirConditioning

Unit2:ThermalStorage

Unit3:HistoryofRefrigerationandAirConditioning

Unit1:TheNeedofAirConditioning

NewWords&ExpressionsTextNotestothe

TextExerciseNewWords&Expressions强烈,剧烈,强度hostileadj.敌对的,敌方的

hostilityn.敌意,恶意,不友善,敌对,对抗,反对solelyadv.独自地,单独地validadj.有效的,有根据的,正当的,正确的tropicaladj.热带的,热情的subtropicaladj.亚热带的moderateadj.中等的,适度的,适中的draughtn.拖,拉,一网(鱼),气流glazev.装玻璃,上釉,使表面光滑intensityn.NewWords&Expressionsventilationn.通风,流通空气统一的,相同的,一致的,均衡的distributionn.分配,分发,vagaryn.狂妄古怪的行为;狂想;变幻莫测dehumidificationn.除去湿气condensev.(使)浓缩,精简moisturen.潮湿,湿气ultimaten.最终的事物,最终individualn.adj.个人,个体;个别的,单独的,个人的automaticn.adj.自动机械;自动的,无意识的,机械的uniformadj.Text

Humanbeingarebornintoahostileenvironment,butthedegreeof

hostilityvarieswiththeseasonoftheyearandwiththegeographicallocality.Thissuggeststhattheargumentsforairconditioningmightbebasedsolelyonclimaticconsiderations,butalthoughthesemaybevalidintropicalandsubtropicalareas,theyarenotfortemperateclimateswithindustrializedsocialstructuresandrisingstandardsofliving.

人类生活在一个并不舒适的环境，但是这种不舒适的程度因季节的变化和地理位置的不同而不同。

看来空调设计似乎仅仅考虑气候因素就够了，虽然这在热带和亚热带区域是可行的，但它们并不适合生活标准不断提高和工业化社会结构下的温带气候。Text

Briefly，airconditioningisnecessaryforthefollowingreasons.Heatgainsfromsunlightandelectriclighting,inparticular,maycauseunpleasantlyhightemperaturesinrooms,unlesswindowsareopened.Ifwindowsareopened,thenevenmoderatewindspeedscauseexcessive

draughts,becomingworseontheupperfloorsoftallbuildings.简而言之，空调为下列情况所必需。太阳光，尤其是电灯照明的热量，会使房间内的气温很高，令人不舒服，这时就需要打开窗户；而如果窗户被打开，那么即使是中等程度的风速也能导致通风过度，较高楼层上的房间情况会更糟。Text

进一步说，如果窗户打开，噪声和灰尘就会进入，令人讨厌，尤其是市区和工业区建筑物的最低层情况会变得更糟糕。通过开窗获得自然气流去缓和这种情况，仅限于从玻璃窗向内6米的范围之内。

Further,ifwindowsareopened,noiseanddirtenterandareobjectionable，becomingworseonthelowerfloorsofbuildings,particularlyinurbandistrictsandindustrialareas.Inanycase,thereliefprovidedbynaturalairflowthroughopenwindowsisonlyeffectiveforadepthofabout6metersinwardfromtheglazing.Text

Itfollowsthattheinnerareasofdeepbuildingswillnotreallybenefitatallfromopenedwindows.Coupledwiththeneedforhighintensitycontinuouselectriclightinginthesecoreareas,thelackofadequateventilation

meansagooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.1Mechanicalventilationwithoutrefrigerationisonlyapartialsolution.由此得出，事实上开窗对纵深的建筑物内部的区域是根本无效。加上这些中心区域要有高强度长时间的照明，缺少足够的通风会使居住者感到非常不适。不带制冷的机械通风仅仅只能解决一部分问题。Text

Itistruethatitprovidesacontrolledanduniformmeansofairdistribution,inplaceoftheunsatisfactoryresultsobtainedwithopenedwindows(thevagariesofwind,againparticularlywithtallbuildings,producediscontinuousnaturalventilation),buttolerableinternaltemperatureswillprevailonlyduringwintermonths.Formuchofthespringandautumn,aswellasthesummer,theinternalroomtemperaturewillbeseveraldegreeshigherthanthatoutside,anditwillbenecessarytoopenwindowsinordertoaugmentthemechanicalventilation.2机械的通风确实能提供一个可控制、均匀的空气分配，弥补了开窗通风的缺点（自然风难以预测，通风断断续续，尤其是在高层建筑），而只有在冬季这样的室内温度才是适宜的。因为大部分春季和秋季，还有夏季，室内温度比室外温度高出好几度，为了弥补机械通风的不足，就需要打开窗户。Text

Thedesignspecificationforacomfortconditioningsystemisintendedtobetheframeworkforprovidingacomfortableenvironmentforhumanbeingsthroughouttheyear,inthepresenceofsensibleheatgainsinsummerandsensibleheatlossesinwinter.Dehumidificationwouldbeachievedinsummerbuttherelativehumidityintheconditionedspacewouldbeallowedtodiminishaswinterapproached.舒适的调节系统的设计规范是为居住者提供全年的舒适环境，这就要面临夏季人们明显的热量获得和在冬季明显的热量损失的问题。在夏季应实现除湿，而当冬季接近时应允许减少在空调环境中相对的湿度。Text

Therearetworeasonswhythisisacceptablefirst,

humanbeingsarecomfortablewithinafairlylargerangeofhumidity,fromabout60percenttoabout20percentand,secondlytheuseofsingleglazingwillcausetheinnersurfacesofwindowstostreamwithcondensedmoistureifitisattemptedtomaintaintoohighahumidityinwinter.3理由是，第一，人类能在一个湿度相当大的范围内感到舒适，大约从60%到20%；第二，如果想在冬天保持一个较高的室内温度，蒸汽就会在单层的玻璃内表面上冷凝成水。Text

舒适条件的基本特征是有目地产生一个对于大多数人感到舒适的环境。绝对的舒适是永远达不到的，但可对单个房间进行单个的自动控制。Theessentialfeatureofcomfortconditioningisthatitaimstoproduceanenvironmentwhichiscomfortabletothemajorityoftheoccupants.Theultimateincomfortcanneverbeachieved,buttheuseofindividualautomaticcontrolforindividualrooms.NotestotheTextUnit1NotestotheText1、Coupledwiththeneedforhighintensitycontinuouselectriclightinginthesecoreareas,thelackofadequateventilationmeansagooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.句中coupledwith意为“加上，

外加”例如：Hernamewascoupledwithhis.她的名字与他的连在一起。…agooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.其中for为用来指一个活动的接受者或受益者,如：preparedlunchforus.为我们准备午餐Unit1NotestotheText句中aswellasadv.=inadditionto除……之外还；和；及（强调的是前面的部分），例如：I’mlearningFrenchaswallasEnglish.我学英语之外还学法语。itwillbenecessarytoopenwindows…,本句属于“It+谓语+动词不定式”这种语形。It作形式主语，toopenwindows动词不定式作真正的主语。动词不定式、动名词短语或从句在句中起主语作用，而这一部分用词较多时，可用it作为形式主语，放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。如：Itisdifficulttoclimbamountain.爬山是很艰难的。2、Formuchofthespringandautumn,aswellasthesummer,theinternalroomtemperaturewillbeseveraldegreeshigherthanthatoutside,anditwillbenecessarytoopenwindowsinordertoaugmentthemechanicalventilation.Unit1NotestotheText理由是，第一，人类能在一个湿度相当大的范围内感到舒适，大约从60%到20%；第二，如果想在冬天保持一个较高的室内温度，蒸汽就会在单层的玻璃内表面上冷凝成水。在句中，whythisisacceptablefirst

由why引导的定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语。如：Wedon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tcompletetheirproductionplanaccordingtoschedule.我们不知道他们为什么没按时完成生产计划。3、Therearetworeasonswhythisisacceptablefirst,humanbeingsarecomfortablewithinafairlylargerangeofhumidity,fromabout60percenttoabout20percentand,secondlytheuseofsingleglazingwillcausetheinnersurfacesofwindowstostreamwithcondensedmoistureifitisattemptedtomaintaintoohighahumidityinwinter.ExerciseDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext:1、Airconditioningisneededtoremove