辽宁省大连市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1辽宁省大连市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节：(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。ADestinationsforArtFansKnownasthebirthplaceoftheRenaissance,Florenceisfamousforitslonghistoryofart.Ifyou’reabigfanofart,you’dbetternotmissthesemust-visitplacesinFlorence.GalleryUffiziYouwillhaveanencounterwithgreatwesternart.Itisfamousworldwideforitsoutstandingcollectionsofpaintings,fromtheMiddleAgestotheModernperiod.Openinghours:From8:15a.m.to6:30p.m.ClosedonMondays.Admission:€25.Childrenunder18arefree.PittiPalaceItisapalaceforthreedynastiesandyoucanappreciatecostumesandfashionthroughthecenturies.Openinghours:From8:15a.m.to6:30p.m.ClosedonMondays.Admission:€16.Childrenunder18arefree.CombinedPitti+Boboli:€22.BoboliGardensDirectlybehindPittiPalacearetheincredibleBoboliGardens.Thevastgreenplaceisarealoutdoormuseumfullofstatues(雕塑).Open-airperformancesareoftenheldonsummernights.Openinghours:FromMondaytoSunday,8:15a.m.to10:30p.m.Admission:€10.Childrenunder18arefree.CombinedPitti+Boboli:€22.VasariCorridorAbout750meterslong,itwasbuiltin1565.TheMedicifamilyusedittoreachPalazzoVecchiofromPittiPalacewithoutriskingtheirsafety.Openinghours:FromTuesdaytoSunday,10:15a.m.to4:35p.m.Admission:Uffizi+VasariCorridor:€43,Childrenunder18arefree.Ifyouwanttoregisteranannualpass,clickhttps://www.uffizi.it/en/the-uffizi.1.Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoappreciatewesternpictures?A.GalleryUffizi. B.PittiPalace. C.BoboliGardens. D.VasariCorridor.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatBoboliGardens?A.Attendaneveningshow. B.Appreciatethestatuesindoors.C.Enjoytheextraordinarypaintings. D.LearnthehistoryofMedicifamily.3.Whatisthelowestadmissionofallplacesforacouplewithachildunder18?A.€90. B.€130. C.€180. D.€188.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个艺术爱好者的目的地。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据GalleryUffizi部分“Youwillhaveanencounterwithgreatwesternart.Itisfamousworldwideforitsoutstandingcollectionsofpaintings,fromtheMiddleAgestotheModernperiod.(你将会领略到精美的西方艺术作品。它因拥有从中世纪到现代时期的众多杰出画作而闻名于世)”可知，如果游客想要欣赏西方画作，应该去乌菲兹美术馆。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据BoboliGardens部分“Open-airperformancesareoftenheldonsummernights.(夏季夜晚经常会举行露天演出)”可知，游客在博尔利花园可以参加晚间演出。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文中“CombinedPitti+Boboli:€22.Uffizi+VasariCorridor:€43,Childrenunder18arefree.(皮蒂宫与波波里花园联票：22欧元。乌菲兹美术馆与瓦萨里走廊联票：43欧元。18岁以下儿童免费)”可知，对于有一名18岁以下孩子的夫妻来说，乌菲兹美术馆+瓦萨里走廊联票：每人43欧元，皮蒂宫+波波里花园联票：每人22欧元，两人总费用为（43+22）×2=130欧元。故选B。BAttheageoffive,Toniwasdiagnosed(诊断)withararevisualdisease,whichwouldeventuallystealhissight.Therewasnoknowntimelineorcure.Hisparentschosetokeepitfromhimsothathewouldgrowupbelievinghecouldovercomeeverychallenge.Atprimaryschool,Tonitriedeverythingfromathleticstoacademics,frombuildingmodelstoworkingasarubbishcollector.Particularly,hefellinlovewithrunningandranhimselfintothetopspotathisschool’smile-longrunningrace.WhenTonigotintomiddleschool,schoollifewastoughforhim.Badeyesightmadehimalaughingstock,sohediscoveredearlyhowbesttoreadthemoodsandbehaviourofothers.Itwasamatterofsurvivalintheschoolyard.Beforegraduatingfromcollegeatage23,drivenbyhisloveformedicine,healwaysdevelopedcopingstrategies.Realizingreadingtextbookswasslowgoing,identifyingchemicalsinthelabwasdifficultandperformingoperationswasimpractical,heturnedtopsychiatry(精神病学),whichwassomethinghecouldmanagewithhiseyesshut.Additionally,hetracedhospitalwallstolocatewards(病房)andchattedwithpatientsfrequentlysoastomakethemfeelrelaxed.Inthe1980s,fishingemergedasagreatpleasureforhim.Toniclaimsmasteringaflyrod(飞钓竿)whileblindhasbeennotroubleeither,andlikestotellpeopleit’sthefishthatdotheworkbecausetheyhavetograbthehook(钩子).Today,atage80,Tonicontinuestotravelfourhoursnorthtohisfavouritefishingground.Theformerdoctoralwayssays,“Getoutanddowhatyoulove.Life’sbeautyliesnotinsightbutinembracingeachchallengeasproofthatlimitationsexistonlytoberedefinedbypassion.”4.Whydidn’tToni’sparentstellhimthetruth?A.Becausehehadalreadylosthissight.B.Becausetheyhopedhimtobeconfident.C.Becausethediseasecouldbecuredoneday.D.Becausetherewasnoexacttimeforrecovery.5.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Bylistingdata. B.Byanalyzingcauses.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byfollowingtimeorder.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeToni?A.Dependentandsensitive. B.Irresponsibleand.rude.C.Enthusiasticandbrilliant. D.Generousandhumorous.7.Whatcanweknowfromthispassage?A.Onekindactcanmakeabigdifference.B.Onecanovercomelimitationswithpassion.C.Lookingonthebrightsidehelpsusfeelhappy.D.Lifeisfullofupsanddownsthatwecan’tchange.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Toni的人生故事，包括他从小被诊断出患有罕见眼疾、在学校中的经历、对医学的热爱及选择精神病学作为专业、钓鱼的爱好以及他积极面对生活挑战的人生态度。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Hisparentschosetokeepitfromhimsothathewouldgrowupbelievinghecouldovercomeeverychallenge.(他的父母选择向他隐瞒病情，这样他就能在成长过程中坚信自己可以克服所有挑战。)”可知，Toni的父母选择向他隐瞒病情，是为了让他在成长过程中相信自己能够克服所有挑战，即他们希望Toni能充满自信。故选B。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Attheageoffive,Toniwasdiagnosed(诊断)withararevisualdisease,whichwouldeventuallystealhissight.(五岁时，Toni被诊断出患有一种罕见的眼部疾病，这种病最终会夺走他的视力。)”、第二段“Atprimaryschool,Tonitriedeverythingfromathleticstoacademics,frombuildingmodelstoworkingasarubbishcollector.(小学期间，Toni尝试了各种事情，从体育运动到学术学习，从制作模型到当垃圾收集员。)”、第三段“WhenTonigotintomiddleschool,schoollifewastoughforhim.(Toni上中学时，学校生活对他来说很艰难。)”、第四段“Beforegraduatingfromcollegeatage23,drivenbyhisloveformedicine,healwaysdevelopedcopingstrategies.(23岁大学毕业前，出于对医学的热爱，他一直在摸索应对策略。)”、第五段“Inthe1980s,fishingemergedasagreatpleasureforhim.(20世纪80年代，钓鱼成了他最大的乐趣。)”以及最后一段“Today,atage80,Tonicontinuestotravelfourhoursnorthtohisfavouritefishingground.(如今，80岁的Toni仍然会向北驱车四小时，前往他最爱的钓鱼地点。)”可知，整篇文章按照时间先后顺序展开叙述。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Beforegraduatingfromcollegeatage23,drivenbyhisloveformedicine,healwaysdevelopedcopingstrategies.Realizingreadingtextbookswasslowgoing,identifyingchemicalsinthelabwasdifficultandperformingoperationswasimpractical,heturnedtopsychiatry(精神病学),whichwassomethinghecouldmanagewithhiseyesshut.Additionally,hetracedhospitalwallstolocatewards(病房)andchattedwithpatientsfrequentlysoastomakethemfeelrelaxed.(23岁大学毕业前，出于对医学的热爱，他一直在摸索应对策略。他意识到，阅读课本进度缓慢，在实验室识别化学物质很困难，做手术更是不现实，于是他转向了精神病学——这是一个他闭着眼睛也能从事的领域。此外，他会沿着医院的墙壁摸索着找到病房，还经常和病人聊天，让他们感到放松。)”以及第五段“Inthe1980s,fishingemergedasagreatpleasureforhim.(20世纪80年代，钓鱼成了他最大的乐趣。)”可知，Toni大学时因热爱医学转向精神病学并努力应对工作中的困难，还通过与病人聊天让他们放松，晚年仍坚持自己热爱的钓鱼，始终积极面对生活，展现出对生活和事业的热情；再根据第五段“Toniclaimsmasteringaflyrod(飞钓竿)whileblindhasbeennotroubleeither,andlikestotellpeopleit’sthefishthatdotheworkbecausetheyhavetograbthehook(钩子).(Toni说，失明后掌握飞钓竿对他来说也毫无难度，而且他喜欢告诉人们，其实是鱼在“干活”，因为鱼得自己咬住鱼钩。)”可知，Toni非常聪慧。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theformerdoctoralwayssays,“Getoutanddowhatyoulove.Life’sbeautyliesnotinsightbutinembracingeachchallengeasproofthatlimitationsexistonlytoberedefinedbypassion.”(这位前医生总是说：“走出去，去做你热爱的事。生活的美好不在于视觉所见，而在于拥抱每一个挑战——这证明，所谓的局限存在的意义，就是为了被热情重新定义。”)”以及Toni一生的经历：尽管视力逐渐丧失，却凭借热情在跑步、医学（精神病学）、钓鱼等领域不断突破，可知一个人可以用热情克服局限。故选B。CMostpeoplecanpointtoanexperienceintheirliveswherepersonalrelationshipshavecausedthememotionalharm.However,doesbuildingbetterrelationshipswithothershavetoinvolvetheriskofgettinghurt?Onepopulartheoryisthehedgehog’sdilemma,alsocalledtheporcupine’sdilemma.IthasitsrootsinthethinkingofGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer,whoproposedthat,evenwiththebestofintentions,humansharmeachotherwhentheyattempttohaveintimateandfriendlyrelationships.Itgoeslikethis.Onecoldwinternight,agroupofporcupinesgatheredtokeepwarm,buttheyhurteachotherwiththeirquills,forcingthemtomoveapart.Whenfeelingcold,theymovedcloser,onlytobehurtagain.Repeatedly,theyeventuallyfoundtheidealdistance.Sothetheoryendswiththeadvice:Keepyourdistance.However,keepingdistanceisnotenough.Ifyou’vebeenhurtbefore,itmightbethatyourquillsareup,andyou’vefallenintodefence(防御)mode.Hilary,apsychologist,pointstosomeexamplesofcommondefencemodesuchasgoingblankandregardingthepresentreactionascriticism.Mostofthesedefensivereactionsoriginatefromearlyexperiencesofhurt.“Intreatments,ifpeoplecanbehelpedtorecognizethedefencesbytrackingbackthroughthepersonalexperiences,theycanbeencouragedtobeunderstanding.Thenthey,haveachancetochangeandnotjustrepeatoldbehaviors,”Hilarysuggests.“Defencesneedtoberespectedandnotknockeddowninonestep.Removingonebrickatatimefromthewallisveryimportant.”Unlikehedgehogs,humansdon’tcomewiththequillsbuiltin.So,whenwelearntolowerourdefencesforsafe,lovingpeople,there’sachanceweactuallycanhaveitall.8.Whydoestheauthorraiseaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Togiveexamples. B.Toleadtoastory.C.Toinspirereflection. D.Toexpressconcern.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimate”inparagraph2mean?A.Permanent. B.Detailed.C.Independent. D.Close.10.WhatdoesHilaryadvisepeopletodowhenbringingdowndefences?A.Addressproblemswithpatience.B.Avoiddiscussingpastexperiences.C.Immediatelyremoveself-protection.D.Acceptthebehaviourwithoutchanging11.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.PsychologyToday. B.WildlifeFocus.C.TechnologyReview. D.Runner’sWorld.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍刺猬困境理论及人类在人际关系中如何放下防御。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Mostpeoplecanpointtoanexperienceintheirliveswherepersonalrelationshipshavecausedthememotionalharm.However,doesbuildingbetterrelationshipswithothershavetoinvolvetheriskofgettinghurt?(大多数人都能举出生活中人际关系给他们带来情感伤害的经历。然而，建立更好的人际关系就一定要冒受伤的风险吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引发读者思考。故选C项。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Onepopulartheoryisthehedgehog’sdilemma,alsocalledtheporcupine’sdilemma.IthasitsrootsinthethinkingofGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer,whoproposedthat,evenwiththebestofintentions,humansharmeachotherwhentheyattempttohaveintimateandfriendlyrelationships.(一个流行的理论是刺猬困境，也被称为豪猪困境。它源于德国哲学家亚瑟·叔本华的思想，他提出，即使出于最好的意图，当人类试图建立intimate友好的关系时，也会彼此伤害。)”可知，“intimate”与“friendly”并列，结合语境，应表示“亲密的”，与“Close”意思相近。故选D项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Defencesneedtoberespectedandnotknockeddowninonestep.Removingonebrickatatimefromthewallisveryimportant.(防御需要被尊重，不能一步就被打破。一次从墙上拆下一块砖是非常重要的。)”可知，希拉里建议人们在放下防御时要有耐心，循序渐进地解决问题。故选A项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hilary,apsychologist,pointstosomeexamplesofcommondefencemodesuchasgoingblankandregardingthepresentreactionascriticism.(心理学家希拉里指出了一些常见的防御模式，比如大脑一片空白，把当前的反应视为批评。)”以及全文围绕人际关系中的情感伤害、防御机制等内容可知，本文最可能来自《今日心理学》。故选A项。DNovelistshavedifferentwaysofdescribinglaughter.Characterscanwearabigsmile,beallsmiles,crackasmile,grinfromeartoear,breakintoasmileandsoon.Therichnessoflanguagemaysuggestthatlaughterhaslimitlessdiversity(多样性).However,itmaybewrong.AnewstudyledbyDrRozaKamiloglu,providesevidencethattherearejusttwomaintypesoflaughter:onegeneratedwhenpeoplefindsomethingfunnyandonethatcanbecausedonlythroughthephysicalactoftickling(挠痒痒).DrKamilogluinstructedassistantstocollect887videosthatwerethenclassified(分类),rangingfromtickleattackstolaughingforotherfactors.About70%ofthesevideoswereusedtotrainamachine-learningalgorithm(算法)toclassifylaughterbyreasons.Thealgorithmwasthenaskedtoclassifytheremaining30%andcorrectlyidentifiedlaughterproducedbytickling62.5%ofthetime.Allotherformsoflaughter,whethertheycamefromviewingstand-upcomedyorpracticaljokes,weredifficulttotellapart.Thissuggestedtherewassomethinguniqueabouttheticklinglaughter.WhenDrKamiloglurantheexperimentagain,askinghumanobserverstoclassifythelaughter,asimilarresultshowed:Humanobserverscorrectlyidentifiedticklinglaughter61.2%ofthetime.Thefindingsmadescientistsreflectontherootsoflaughter.Afterall,humansarenottheonlyanimalsthatcanlaughandtickle.Thispointstothefactthatlaughterfromticklingevolved(演变)over10millionyearsago.Thisearlysortoflaughterprobablyevolvedtohelpprimates(灵长目动物)buildfriendlyrelations.Asforotherformsoflaughter,theyprobablyevolvedmillionsofyearsaftertickling,whenhumanbrainbecamecomplexenoughtounderstanddeepermeanings.12.Whatdoestheunderlineword“it”inparagraph1referto?A.Therichnessofhumanlanguage.B.Theapproachtodescribinglaughter.C.Theideaofcountlesskindsoflaughter.D.Thecomplexityofclassifyinglaughter.13.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thecontentsofthevideos.B.Theprocessoftheresearch.C.Themethodsofgeneratinglaughter.D.Theworkingprincipleofthealgorithm.14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearchfindings?A.Ticklinglaughterevolvedmuchlaterthanothers.B.Alltheformsoflaughteraredifficulttotellapart.C.Primatesuseticklingtobuildpleasantrelationships.D.Humans’laughterisfarmorecomplexthanprimates’.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheOriginofLaughter:AllStartsfromTickling.B.LaughterinAnimals:HowdoPrimatesBuildRelations?C.TheLanguageofLaughter:HowdoWritersDescribeJoy?D.TypesofLaughter:HumansLaughinTwoDifferentWays.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究发现笑声主要有两种类型，以及相关研究过程和起源等内容。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Therichnessoflanguagemaysuggestthatlaughterhaslimitlessdiversity(多样性).However,itmaybewrong.(语言的丰富性可能表明笑声有无限的多样性。然而，这可能是错误的。)”可知，“it”指代前文提到的“笑声有无限多样性”这一观点。故选C项。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“DrKamilogluinstructedassistantstocollect887videosthatwerethenclassified(分类),rangingfromtickleattackstolaughingforotherfactors.About70%ofthesevideoswereusedtotrainamachine-learningalgorithm(算法)toclassifylaughterbyreasons.Thealgorithmwasthenaskedtoclassifytheremaining30%andcorrectlyidentifiedlaughterproducedbytickling62.5%ofthetime.(卡米洛格鲁博士指示助手收集了887个视频，然后对这些视频进行了分类，范围从挠痒痒引发的笑到因其他因素引发的笑。这些视频中约70%被用来训练一种机器学习算法，根据原因对笑声进行分类。然后，该算法被要求对剩下的30%进行分类，在62.5%的情况下正确识别出了挠痒痒产生的笑声。)”以及“WhenDrKamiloglurantheexperimentagain,askinghumanobserverstoclassifythelaughter,asimilarresultshowed:Humanobserverscorrectlyidentifiedticklinglaughter61.2%ofthetime.(当卡米洛格鲁博士再次进行实验，让人类观察者对笑声进行分类时，出现了相似的结果：人类观察者对挠痒痒引发的笑声的正确识别率为61.2%。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了研究的过程。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thisearlysortoflaughterprobablyevolvedtohelpprimates(灵长目动物)buildfriendlyrelations.(这种早期的笑声可能是为了帮助灵长目动物建立友好的关系而进化来的。)”可知，灵长目动物用挠痒痒产生的笑声来建立愉快的关系。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“AnewstudyledbyDrRozaKamiloglu,providesevidencethattherearejusttwomaintypesoflaughter:onegeneratedwhenpeoplefindsomethingfunnyandonethatcanbecausedonlythroughthephysicalactoftickling(挠痒痒).(罗扎·卡米洛格鲁博士领导的一项新研究提供了证据，表明笑声主要有两种类型：一种是人们觉得某事有趣时产生的，另一种是只能通过挠痒痒这一身体行为引起的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了笑声主要有两种类型，因此“笑声的类型：人类以两种不同方式笑”概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Iceclimbingisalotlikerockclimbing,butit’sdoneoniceusingspecialtools.Foryears,iceclimbingwasjustanotherpartofrockclimbingandothermountaineeringactivities.Wheneverclimbersreachedanicyareaonthemountain,theyhadtomoveacrosstheiceinordertocontinueupward.____16____Duetotheconditionsinwhichiceclimbingtypicallytakesplace,itisconsideredanextremesport.Iceclimbershavetobeoutdoorsinsub-zerotemperaturesforlongperiodsoftime.____17____However,suchrisksonlyaddtothedelightofclimbingonice.____18____There’ssomethingspecialinclimbingsports,whichisimpermanentandunique.Whenthetemperaturedropsandtheclimbingroutescomeintoseason,climbersarefilledwithexcitement.Theygettheirbestequipmentandgo.Wheneverythingcomestogether,theresultsaremagical.Therearemanybarriersthatwould-beiceclimbersfacewhentheygetintotheadventure.Forastart,there’stheequipmentandclothingtoconsider,allofwhicharen’tcheap.____19____You’reluckyifyouliveinanareawithregularsnowfall,whileifyouliveinFlorida,you’vegotalongjourneyifyouwanttogetintoiceclimbing.Thebestwaytobeginyourice-climbingjourneyistobookadayortwowithaqualifiedinstructortoshowyoutechniques.____20____Thiswillallowyoutoexperienceiceclimbingwithoutcostingtoomuch.You’llalsolikelyhavetobringyourownwarmclothing,likeaqualitydownjacket,toprotectyourselffromthecold.A.Then,thelocationsmatter.B.Iceclimberstypicallyworktogether.C.Youmightbeabletorentsometools.D.Besides,theymayencounterextremeweather.E.Theshortexistenceoficemakesitmoreappealing.F.Iceclimbingkeepsallthemainfeaturesofrockclimbing.G.Slowly,thegrowinginterestandexcitementmadeiceclimbingpopular.【答案】16.G17.D18.E19.A20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰攀这项运动，它与攀岩相似但在冰上进行，阐述了其作为极限运动的特点、吸引力、面临的障碍及入门方法等。【16题详析】根据空前的“Foryears,iceclimbingwasjustanotherpartofrockclimbingandothermountaineeringactivities.Wheneverclimbersreachedanicyareaonthemountain,theyhadtomoveacrosstheiceinordertocontinueupward.(多年来，冰攀只是攀岩和其他登山活动的一部分。每当登山者到达山上的结冰区域时，他们必须穿过冰面才能继续向上攀登。)”可知，G选项“Slowly,thegrowinginterestandexcitementmadeiceclimbingpopular.(慢慢地，不断增长的兴趣和热情使冰攀流行起来。)”承接前文，解释了冰攀从登山活动的一部分发展到流行的过程，符合语境。故选G项。【17题详析】根据空前的“Iceclimbershavetobeoutdoorsinsub-zerotemperaturesforlongperiodsoftime.(冰攀者必须长时间在零下温度的户外环境中。)”以及空后的“However,suchrisksonlyaddtothedelightofclimbingonice.(然而，这些风险只会增加冰攀的乐趣。)”可知，此处应进一步说明冰攀面临的风险。D选项“Besides,theymayencounterextremeweather.(此外，他们可能会遇到极端天气。)”中的“Besides”承接前文的低温环境，补充了另一个风险，且与空后“suchrisks”相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。【18题详析】根据空后的“There’ssomethingspecialinclimbingsports,whichisimpermanentandunique.Whenthetemperaturedropsandtheclimbingroutescomeintoseason,climbersarefilledwithexcitement.(在攀岩运动中，有一些特殊的东西是短暂且独特的。当气温下降，攀登路线进入旺季时，攀岩者们充满了兴奋。)”可知E选项“Theshortexistenceoficemakesitmoreappealing.(冰的短暂存在使它更具吸引力。)”中的“shortexistenceofice”与空后“impermanent”相呼应，符合语境，说明冰攀的独特之处。故选E项。【19题详析】根据空前的“Forastart,there’stheequipmentandclothingtoconsider,allofwhicharen’tcheap.(首先，要考虑装备和服装，这些都不便宜。)”以及空后的“You’reluckyifyouliveinanareawithregularsnowfall,whileifyouliveinFlorida,you’vegotalongjourneyifyouwanttogetintoiceclimbing.(如果你住在一个经常下雪的地区，你很幸运；而如果你住在佛罗里达，如果你想开始冰攀，你得走很长的路。)”可知，此处应说明地点也是冰攀者面临的障碍之一。A选项“Then,thelocationsmatter.(其次，地点很重要。)”中的“Then”承接前文的“Forastart”，引出地点这一因素，符合语境。故选A项。【20题详析】根据空后的“Thiswillallowyoutoexperienceiceclimbingwithoutcostingtoomuch.(这将让你在不花费太多的情况下体验冰攀。)”可知，此处应说明如何不花费太多费用体验冰攀。C选项“Youmightbeabletorentsometools.(你或许可以租一些工具。)”中的“rentsometools”与空后“withoutcostingtoomuch”相呼应，符合语境，说明可以通过租赁工具来降低成本。故选C项。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inmyhometown,springbringsthethreatoftornadoes(龙卷风).Thatspring,ourfamilywelcomedacutepuppy.InamedherMuffbecauseherearslookedlikeearmuffs(耳套).Oneafternoon,Muffdidn’tcomeback.Sincetornadoescangathergreat____21____inthecourseofanafternoon,Iwasworried.Isearchedthetown,buttherewasno____22____ofher.Shewasnowheretobefound.Seeingmeinabad____23____,myhusbandgentlysaid,“Dogscanalwaysfindtheirwaybackhome.”Itwasdifficulttostaypositive,though.Withaheavyheart,wetook____24____inaroomundergroundduringthetornado.Evendownthere,Icouldhearthewindhowlingoutside.AllIthoughtwasMuff.Afterthetornadopassed,it____25____mehowfortunatemyfamilywas.Thedestructionwassevere,allinruins.Ikepton____26____myselftoseethegoodsideofthings.Maybeshewasrescuedbya(an)____27____strangerandIstill____28____hope.Sixyearslater,I____29____toseeadog’sphotoonalocalrescuewebsite.Thedog’searslookedjustlikeMuff’s,somyfamilydecidedto_____30_____itout.Whenwereachedtheanimalshelter,Isawadogwithearmuff-likeears.Icalledout,“Muff?Without_____31_____,shebarkeddelightedlyandshowedclearsignsofexcitement.Iheldherhead,crying,“It’sa(an)_____32_____tofindyouback,Muff.”Laterweknewshewas_____33_____justdaysafterthetornado._____34_____,shesurvivedandsodidI.Deepdownbothofusknewthathopeisthelightthat_____35_____usthroughdarkness.21.A.temperature B.strength C.information D.depth22.A.sign B.signal C.sigh D.symbol23.A.light B.pace C.mood D.concern24.A.shelter B.action C.spot D.hide25.A.turnedto B.belongedto C.referredto D.occurredto26.A.allowing B.reminding C.ordering D.expecting27.A.warm-hearted B.open-minded C.strong-willed D.well-informed28.A.helpedout B.letdown C.heldout D.toldoff29.A.intended B.failed C.attempted D.happened30.A.pick B.work C.check D.carry31.A.permission B.declaration C.interaction D.hesitation32.A.strategy B.blessing C.duty D.outcome33.A.claimed B.rescued C.attached D.removed34.A.Frequently B.Entirely C.Fortunately D.Immediately35.A.shoots B.flashes C.greets D.guides【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.D32.B33.B34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和宠物狗Muff之间的故事，讲述了Muff在龙卷风来袭时走失，而作者在担忧与期待中度过，六年后意外在救援网站发现Muff照片并最终找回它的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，Muff没回来。由于龙卷风在下午的进程中可能会积聚巨大的力量，我忧心忡忡。A.temperature温度；B.strength力量、强度；C.information信息；D.depth深度。根据下文“Iwasworried”可知，作者忧心忡忡；而再根据常理可知，龙卷风在下午会聚集力量，符合语境中对自然灾害强度增强的描述。故选B。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我找遍了全镇，却连她的影子都没见到，哪儿都找不到她。A.sign迹象、踪迹；B.signal信号；C.sigh叹气；D.symbol象征。根据下文“Shewasnowheretobefound.”可知，作者找遍了全镇也没有发现小狗的踪迹。故选A。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫见我心情低落，温柔地说：“狗总能找到回家的路。”A.light光、轻的；B.pace步伐、节奏；C.mood情绪；D.concern关心、担忧。根据下文“myhusbandgentlysaid,“Dogscanalwaysfindtheirwaybackhome.””作者丈夫的劝解可推测，此时的作者心情低落。故选C。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：龙卷风来临时，我们怀着沉重的心情躲进了地下的一个房间。A.shelter庇护所、遮蔽；B.action行动；C.spot地点、斑点；D.hide隐藏。根据空后“inaroomundergroundduringthetornado.”以及常理可知，作者一家人在龙卷风来临时躲进地下房间。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：龙卷风过后，我才猛然意识到家人能平安无事是多么幸运。A.turnedto转向、求助于；B.belongedto属于；C.referredto指的是、提及；D.occurredto突然想到。根据空后“howfortunatemyfamilywas”可知，龙卷风过后，作者突然意识到家人幸存的幸运。故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不断提醒自己要看到事情好的一面。A.allowing允许；B.reminding提醒；C.ordering命令、订购；D.expecting期待。根据空后“myselftoseethegoodsideofthings.”以及下文“Maybeshewasrescuedbya(an)________stranger”可知，作者一直提醒自己看到好的一面，体现了作者努力保持希望的心态。故选B。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许她被某个热心的陌生人救了，我仍抱有希望。A.warm-hearted热心的；B.open-minded思想开明的；C.strong-willed意志坚强的；D.well-informed消息灵通的。根据空前“Maybeshewasrescued”以及常理可知，热心的陌生人可能会救助小狗。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：也许她被某个热心的陌生人救了，我仍抱有希望。A.helpedout帮助解决困难；B.letdown使失望、放下；C.heldout持有、坚持；D.toldoff责备、斥责。根据上文“Ikepton_______myselftoseethegoodsideofthings.”可知，作者不断提醒自己要乐观，由此可知，作者一直保持希望。故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：六年后，我偶然在当地一个救助网站上看到了一张狗的照片。A.intended打算、意图；B.failed失败；C.attempted尝试；D.happened发生、碰巧。根据空后“toseeadog’sphotoonalocalrescuewebsite”以及六年的时光流逝可知，作者是偶然在网站上看到了一张狗的照片。故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那只狗的耳朵看起来和Muff的一模一样，于是我们一家人决定去核实一下。A.pick挑选、采摘；B.work工作、起作用；C.check检查；D.carry携带、搬运。根据上文“Thedog’searslookedjustlikeMuff’s”以及常理可知，作者看到的狗的耳朵看起来和Muff的一模一样，自然会前去核实。checkout核实。故选C。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她立刻欣喜地叫了起来，显然一副兴奋的样子。A.permission允许、许可；B.declaration声明、宣言；C.interaction互动、交往；D.hesitation犹豫。根据下文“shebarkeddelightedlyandshowedclearsignsofexcitement.”可推测，Muff听到名字后立刻兴奋回应，由此可推测，Muff听到作者的呼唤会毫不犹豫地回应，体现了Muff对作者的熟悉。故选D。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我抱着她的头，哭着说：“Muff，能找回你真是太幸运了。”A.strategy策略、战略；B.blessing福气、恩赐；C.duty责任、义务；D.outcome结果、后果。根据上文内容可知，作者一直挂念着Muff。由此可推测，此刻能找到Muff，作者会有种失而复得的感激，认为能找回Muff是一种福气。故选B。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我们才知道，龙卷风过后没几天她就被救了。A.claimed声称、索赔；B.rescued营救、救援；C.attached附上、连接；D.removed移除、去掉。根据下文“shesurvived”可知，她在龙卷风后几天被救了。故选B。【34题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，她活了下来，我也一样。A.Frequently频繁地、经常地；B.Entirely完全地、彻底地；C.Fortunately幸运地；D.Immediately立即、马上。根据下文“shesurvivedandsodidI.”可知，作者和小狗都幸存了下来，这是一件幸运的事情。故选C。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们俩内心都清楚，希望是指引我们穿越黑暗的光。A.shoots射击、发芽；B.flashes闪光、闪现；C.greets问候、迎接；D.guides指导、引导。根据上文“hopeisthelight”可知，作者将希望比作光，那么自然是希望能引导人们走出困境。故选D。第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。ForeignersaregrowingmoreawarethattraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)hasscientificbasis.TheincreasingglobalinterestinusingTCM____36____(address)healthconcernsishelpingremoveits“mysterious”(神秘的)imageandestablishitasaneffectivemedicalpractice.Oneof____37____moststrikingexamplesofthischangeoccurredwhenaforeignersharedhisliveacupuncture(针灸)andbone-settingtreatmentinChina.Initially,manyforeignersviewedTCMasatradition-basedpractice____38____(lack)scientificbacking.However,directexperiencesare____39____(gradual)changingthisbelief.Overseasvisitorsoftenreportpositiveresults,andtheirstoriesareincreasinglydrivingthemodernwaveofTCM’sglobalpopularity.____40____instance,amoxibustionclinic(艾灸馆)hasgainedadevotedinternationalfollowingbasedonword-of-mouthrecommendationsabouttheireffectiveness.Meanwhile,ahospitalhosts“DiplomaticExperienceDays,”introducingTCMto,foreigndiplomatsthroughhands-onactivities,____41____breaksculturalbarriers.Despitethisprogress,TCMfacescommunicationchallengesabroad.Toshareitsculturaldepthwithglobalaudiences,variousstrategies____42____(use)sofar.Forexample,theanimatedfilmNeZha2featuresascenewhereGeneralLiJinglistsmedicinalherbs,raisingpublic____43____(aware)ofTCM.TCM’shistoricalrecordsproved____44____(it)effectivenessinancienttimes,anditremainsavaluableroleinmodernhealthcare.With_____45_____(far)development,itsfullpotentialmaybeunlocked,bridgingculturalgapsandimprovingglobalwellness.【答案】36.toaddress37.the38.lacking39.gradually