2022年上海市高三下学期5月英语模拟测试卷09 （不含听力音频）

2022届上海市高三下学期5月英语模拟测试卷09（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校和考号。3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.Azookeeper. B.Apostalworker.C.Ashopassistant. D.Anairportsecurityguard.2. A.Satisfied. B.Disappointed. C.Afraid. D.Apologetic.3. A.Theygotthereatdifferenttime. B.Thewomandidn’tgothere.C.Themanforgotaboutthemeeting. D.Theydidn’tagreeonthemeetingplace.4. A.Herhusbandcouldn’tfindasuitablejob. B.Herhusbandquarreledwiththeirson. C.Shehadanargumentwithherhusband. D.Shehadtostayhomebecauseshewasfired.5. A.Exciting. B.Funny. C.Outdated. D.Terrible.6. A.Atarestaurant. B.Atagrocery. C.Inatheater. D.Onafarm.7. A.Shedoesn’tworkhardenough. B.Sheneverfallsasleepinclass.C.ShehasaJapaneseculturalbackground. D.Herparentsurgehertohavemoresleep.8. A.Takeacourseonsailing. B.Watchsomesailingshows.C.Buythingsneededforsailing. D.Learnsailingfromanapp. 9. A.Thebirdsarenotbeautifulenough. B.Thewomanpreferstoteachacattotalk. C.Thebirdsactuallycannotimitatehumanvoice. D.Thewomanwon’thavethebirdsatsuchaprice.10. A.Hedidn’tseethesign. B.Hegotthreeparkingticketsthismonth.C.Herefusedtopayafine. D.Heparkedhiscarthereafterworkinghours.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.Hisregularwatertherapy. B.Hisdisabilitytoswimlikeothers.C.Lackofpropertraining. D.Aterribleexperienceinapool.12. A.HewantedtotrainanOlympicchampion. B.HehopedkidslikeZulficcouldlearnswimming. C.Hewantedtoimprovephysicaleducationforkids. D.Theexistingswimmingequipmentwasn’tstandard.13. A.Hewillsooncompeteinaworldgame. B.Hecouldswimtwiceasfastasaverageswimmers. C.HecouldswimthelengthofOlympic-sizedpoolswithhelp.D.Hewonalocalswimmingcompetitionfordisabledpeople.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Acellphone. B.Aleatherwallet. C.Aminicamera. D.Analarmclock.15. A.ItwilltrackthethiefwithGPSsystem. B.Itwillcontactbankstostopwithdrawing. C.Analarmwillbesenttothepolicestation. D.Apictureoftheopenerwillbetaken.16. A.Itisamultifunctionalwallet. B.It’sold-fashionedinthisage.C.Itisuniqueinsizeandfunction.D.Itcantextmessagesautomatically.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.30%. B.24%. C.96%. D.50%.18. A.Henearlybecameblind. B.Hisvisionbecameevenworse. C.Hecouldn’tseeverywellatnight. D.Hiseyesweredryforseveralmonths.19. A.Nervous. B.Regretful. C.Painful. D.Relaxed.20. A.Lasersurgeryissafedespiteitssideeffects. B.Twoweeks’homerestisrequiredafterthesurgery.C.Thecostofthesurgeryistoohighforordinarypeople. D.Peoplewithpoorvisionareallgoodcandidatesforthesurgery.II. GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.PhotographersTurnTheirCamerasonPetsIn2019photographersKendrickBrinsonandDavidWalterBanksvisited14countriesonassignment.Whenthecoupledescribedtheadventures21____________theyhadexperiencedwhenphotographing,peopleinvariablyasked,“Butwhotakescareofyourfourcatsanddogs?”Theyjokedthatthepetsitter(临时看护宠物的人)madealotofmoney.But2020couldn’thavebeen22____________(different).DuetoCOVID-19,BrinsonandBanksneverlefttheUnitedStates.Often,theydidn’tevenleavetheirLosAngelesneighborhood.23____________spendinglonghoursinairportsecuritylinesandwaitingfortheperfectlighting,thepairstayedalongwithdogsTuxandTiaandcatsRexandKudzu.“Ourpetsbecameemotionaltherapyanimals,andouronlyfriendswecouldsafelyhuginaworld24____________(strike)byadeadlypandemic(大流行病),”Bankssaid.AsCOVID-19lockdownssweptacrosstheworldinMarchof2020,thechangemadeanespeciallygreatimpactonphotographers,whoareaccustomedto25____________(spend)longperiodsabroad.Andsomanycameras26____________(turn)onadomesticsubject:thepet.Researchsuggeststhatpetshaveofferedemotionalsupportduringthepandemic,helping27____________(make)thelongdaysofisolationmorebearable,saysEmilyMcCobb,aclinicalassociateprofessoratCummingsSchoolofVeterinaryMedicineatTuftsUniversity.Infact,thepandemichasspedupatrend,accordingtoMcCobb’sandotherscientists’observation,28____________thepetisbecomingamemberofthefamily.“Inthepast20to30years,theroleofthepetinthefamily29____________(take)onawholenewrole,”saysMcCobb.“Itreallyhasn’tbeenthatlong30____________thesefurrychildsubstitutesgainedthiskindofimportanceinAmericansociety.”SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.leave B.signal C.brief D.interruptionE.marking F.indicated G.practice H.restingI.unified J.struggling K.temporaryWhatIsaParagraphBreak?Itisoneofthemostimportantpunctuationmarks.Aparagraphbreakisanindentation(缩进)orasinglelinespace31________thedivisionbetweenoneparagraphandthenextinabodyoftext.Generally,paragraphbreaksserveto32________thetransitionfromoneideatoanotherinastretchoftext,andfromonespeakertoanotherinanexchangeofdialogue.Fewreaderswouldthinkoftheparagraphbreakasapunctuationmark,butitcertainlyis.Inancienttimestherewerenoparagraphs.Sentencessimplyflowedintooneanotherwithout33________.Duringmedieval(中世纪)times,themarkevolvedintotheparagraphsymbol[¶]andeventuallybecamethemodern-dayparagraphbreak,whichis34________nowonlybyalinebreakorindentation.Today,theparagraphbreakisusedtogivereadersabreak.Theartofcreatingparagraphsiscalledparagraphing,the35________ofdividingatextintoparagraphs.Paragraphingisakindnesstoyourreaderbecauseitdividesyourthinkingintomanageablebites.Paragraphsthataretoolong36________readerswithdenseblocksoftexttoreadthrough,whilemorefrequentparagraphingprovidesreaderswithconvenient37________pointsatwhichtotakeabreakandrelaunchthemselvesintothinking.Tofullyunderstandwhentoinsertaparagraphbreak,it’shelpfultoknowthataparagraphisagroupofcloselyrelatedsentencesthatdevelopacentralidea.Therefore,eachparagraphdiscussesone38________topic.Also,aparagraphbreakisemployedbeforeeachnewtopicisintroduced.Inthisway,thewritingwillflow,andreaderswillbeabletoproceedthroughthewritinginalogicalfashioninsteadof39________allthewaytogettothelastline.Paragraphsusedtobelonger,butwiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,whichgivesreadersaccesstoliterallymillionsofsourcesofinformation,paragraphshavebecomeincreasingly40________.Thestyleformanywebsites,forexample,usesparagraphsnomorethantwotothreesentences.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thiseraof“Industry4.0”isbeingdrivenbythesametechnologicaladvancesthatenablethecapabilitiesofthesmartphonesinourpockets.Itisamixoflow-costandhigh-powercomputers,high-speedcommunicationandartificialintelligence.Thiswillproducesmarterrobotswithbettersensingandcommunicationabilitiesthatcan41differenttasks,andevenadjusttheirworktomeetdemandwithouttheinputofhumans.Inthemanufacturingindustry,whererobotshavearguablymadethemostheadwayofanydivision,thiswillmeana(n)42shiftfromcentralizedtodecentralizedcooperativeproduction.43robotsfocusedonsingle,fixed,high-speedoperationsandrequiredahighlyskilledhumanworkforcetooperateandmaintainthem.Industry4.0machinesareflexible,cooperativeandcanoperatemoreindependently,which44removestheneedforahighlyskilledworkforce.Forlarge-scalemanufacturers,Industry4.0meanstheirrobotswillbeabletosensetheirenvironmentandcommunicateinanindustrialnetworkthatcanberunand45remotely.Eachmachinewillproducelargeamountsofdatathatcanbe46studiedusingwhatisknownas“bigdata”analysis.Thiswillhelp47waystoimproveoperatingperformanceandproductionqualityacrossthewholeplant,forexamplebybetterpredictingwhenrepairingisneededandautomatically48it.For49manufacturingbusinesses,Industry4.0willmakeitcheaperandeasiertouserobots.Itwillcreatemachinesthatcanberearrangedtoperform50jobsandadjustedtoworkonamorediverseproductrangeanddifferentproductionvolumes.Thispartisalreadybeginningtobenefitfromrobotsdesignedtocooperatewithhumanworkersandanalysetheirownworktolookfor51.Whilethesemachinesaregettingsmarter,theyarestillnotassmartasus.Today’sindustrialartificialintelligenceoperatesata52level,whichgivestheappearanceofhumanintelligenceexhibitedbymachines,butdesignedbyhumans.What’scomingnextisknownas“deeplearning”.Similartobigdataanalysis,itinvolvesprocessinglargequantitiesofdatainrealtimeto53whatisthebestactiontotake.The54isthatthemachinelearnsfromthedatasoitcanimproveitsdecisionmaking.Aperfectexampleofdeeplearningwas55byGoogle’sAlphaGosoftware,whichtaughtitselftobeattheworld’sgreatestGoplayers.41.A.comparewith B.adaptto C.pickout D.holdon42.A.extensive B.accidental C.convenient D.dramatic43.A.Traditional B.Removable C.Fashionable D.Potential44.A.temporarily B.thoroughly C.eventually D.initially45.A.arranged B.evaluated C.monitored D.composed46.A.gradually B.collectively C.similarly D.approximately47.A.identify B.reserve C.exploit D.indicate48.A.dominating B.imposing C.eliminating D.scheduling49.A.high-speed B.mass-produced C.small-to-medium D.multi-cultural50.A.multiple B.feasible C.profitable D.independent51.A.promotions B.improvements C.highlights D.resolutions52.A.separate B.peculiar C.narrow D.mysterious53.A.comeupwith B.accountfor C.givewayto D.makedecisionsabout54.A.difference B.commission C.phenomenon D.expectation55.A.introduced B.described C.prepared D.demonstratedSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A) Eachday,10-year-oldSethaskedhismomformoreandmorelunchmoney.Yetheseemedskinnierthaneverandcamehomefromschoolhungry.ItturnedoutthatSethwashandinghislunchmoneytofifthgrader,whowasthreateningtobeathimupifhedidn’tpay. Mostkidshavebeenmadefunofbyabrotherorafriendatsomepoint.Andit’snotusuallyharmfulwhendoneinaplayfulandfriendlyway,andbothkidsfinditfunny.Butwhenteasingbecomeshurtful,unkind,andconstant,itcrossesthelineintobullyingandneedstobestopped. Bullyingisintentionaltorment(折磨)inphysicalorpsychologicalways.Itcanrangefromhitting,name-callingandthreatstoblackmailing(勒索)moneyandpossessions.Somekidsbullyothersbydeliberatelyseparatingthemandspreadingrumoursaboutthem.Othersusesocialmediaorelectronicmessagingtomakefunofothersorhurttheirfeelings. It’simportanttotakebullyingseriouslyandnotjustbrushitoffassomethingthatkidshavetotolerate.Theeffectscanbeseriousandaffectkids’senseofsafetyandself-worth.Inseverecases,bullyinghascontributedtotragedies,suchassuicidesandschoolshootings. Kidsbullyforavarietyofreasons.Sometimestheypickonkidsbecausetheyneedavictim—someonewhoseemsemotionallyorphysicallyweaker,orjustactsorappearsdifferentinsomeway—tofeelmoreimportant,popular,orincontrol.Althoughsomebulliesarebiggerorstrongerthantheirvictims,that’snotalwaysthecase. Sometimeskidsbullyothersbecausethat’sthewaythey’vebeentreated.Theymaythinktheirbehaviorisnormalbecausetheycomefromfamiliesorothersettingswhereeveryoneregularlygetsangryandshoutsorcallseachothernames. Unlessyourchildtellsyouaboutbullying—orhasvisibleinjuries—itcanbedifficulttofigureoutifit’shappening.56. Whatistheauthor’spurposeoftellingSeth’sstory?A.Tointroducethetopicofbullying. B.Toseekhelpforthevictimsofbullying.C.Toanalyzethecauseofbullying. D.Todisplaytheeffectsofbullyingonkids.57. Whatdoesthephrase“brushitoff”(inparagraph4)probablymean?A.Removebullying. B.Ignorebullying.C.Avoidbullying. D.Punishbullying.58. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutbullyingisNOTtrue? A.Bullyingisaccidentalbehaviors. B.Thosewhobullygetemotionalsatisfaction. C.Theweakareeasytobebullied. D.Theexperienceofbeingbulliedcanleadtobullying.59. Whatwillthefollowingparagraphmostprobablytalkabout? A.Problemsofbullying. B.Causeandeffectofbullying. C.Signsofbullying. D.Psychologicalreasonsofbullying.(B)GetYourUnlimitedCardatCineworldCinemasEnjoyUnlimitedFilmsWatchallthefilmsyouwantatanyCineworldforjustonemonthlyprice.BeinganUnlimitedcardholdergivesyouaccesstoallthe2Dfilmsyoucanhandleforonemonthlyprice.Watchwhatyouwant,whenyouwant,asmanytimesasyouwant.Plus,savemoneywhenwatchingfilmsin3Dandothers.Afteryou'vebeenwithusformorethan1yearwe'llupgradeyoutoaPremiumCardandyou'llgetinto3Dfilmscompletelyfreetoo!Startenjoyingtodaybyusingatemporarypasswhileyouwaitforyourcardtoarriveinthepost.SaveOnSnacksAndDrinksGet10%offallin-cinemafoodanddrink.Plusget10%offatCineworldStarbuckslicensedstores.Firstyearcardholdersget10%off,whilstPremiumcardholdersget25%offCineworld'sin-cinemafoodanddrinksincluding,alldrinks,popcorn,nachos,hotdogs,icecream,picknmixandmuchmore.Plusallcardholdersget10%discountsat

CineworldStarbuckslicensedstores.Allyouneedtodoisshowyourcardatthecounterandyourdiscountwillbeapplied.RecommendAFriendUnlimitedmemberscangetfreemonthsofmembershipwhentheyrecommendUnlimitedtotheirfriends!RecommendUnlimitedtoyourfriendsandwe’llgiveyoufreemonthsofmembershiptosaythankyou.ForeveryfriendthatsignsupusingyouruniqueRecommendaFriendcodeyouwillbothreceiveonemonth’sfreemembershiponcetheyhavebeenanactiveUnlimitedmemberfor90days.Thefreemonthwillbeautomaticallyaddedtotheendofyourcurrentsubscription.Youcanearnamaximumof12FreeMonthswithyourRecommendaFriendcode,sorecommendUnlimitedto12friendsandyoucouldgetafullyearoffreeUnlimitedcinema!60.Thecinemanamesitsmembershipcard“Unlimited”because_______.A.onecanhavethebenefitsforgooduponjoiningthemembershipB.Cineworldmemberscanenjoyasmany2Dand3DfilmsastheylikeforfreeC.itfreesamemberfromanyregularpaymenttothemovieticketsatCineworldD.cardholderscansharelimitlessdiscountsandofferswithfriendsandrelatives61.WhichofthestatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thebenefitsabovearenotavailableuntilthecardisdelivered.B.Premiumcardholderscanhave25%offatalicensedStarbucks.C.Whoeverpersuades6friendsintoUnlimitedcanenjoyahalfyearoffreemembership.D.Asecondyearofinvestmentisworthwhileifyouareacinemagoer.62.Thispassageisprobablywrittento______.A.securetheloyaltyofpotentialcustomersB.introducethelatestmoviesanddiscountsC.promotethepopularityofCineworldcinemasD.giveawaymoviecardstoreadersforfreeCPhilosophyofEducationisalabelappliedtothestudyofthepurpose,process,natureandidealsofeducation.Itcanbeconsideredabranchofbothphilosophyandeducation.Educationcanbedefinedastheteachingandlearningofspecificskills,andtheimpartingofknowledge,judgmentandwisdom,andissomethingbroaderthanthesocietalinstitutionofeducationweoftenspeakof.Manyeducationalistsconsideritaweakandimprecisefield,toofarremovedfromthepracticalapplicationsoftherealworldtobeuseful.ButphilosophersdatingbacktoPlatoandtheAncientGreekshavegiventheareamuchthoughtandemphasis,andthereislittledoubtthattheirworkhashelpedshapethepracticeofeducationoverthemillennia.Platoistheearliestimportanteducationalthinker,andeducationisanessentialelementin“TheRepublic”(hismostimportantworkonphilosophyandpoliticaltheory,writtenaround360B.C.).Init,headvocatessomeratherextrememethods:removingchildrenfromtheirmothers’careandraisingthemaswardsofthestate,anddifferentiatingchildrensuitabletothevariouscastes(社会等级),thehighestreceivingthemosteducation,sothattheycouldactasguardiansofthecityandcareforthelessable.Hebelievedthateducationshouldbeholistic（全面的）,includingfacts,skills,physicaldiscipline,musicandart.Platobelievedthattalentandintelligenceisnotdistributedgeneticallyandthusistobefoundinchildrenborntoallclasses,althoughhisproposedsystemofselectivepubliceducationforaneducatedminorityofthepopulationdoesnotreallyfollowademocraticmodel.Aristotleconsideredhumannature,habitandreasontobeequallyimportantforcestobecultivatedineducation,theultimateaimofwhichshouldbetoproducegoodandvirtuouscitizens.Heproposedthatteachersleadtheirstudentssystematically,andthatrepetitionbeusedasakeytooltodevelopgoodhabits,unlikeSocrates’emphasisonquestioninghislistenerstobringouttheirownideas.Heemphasizedthebalancingofthetheoreticalandpracticalaspectsofsubjectstaught,amongwhichheclearlymentionsreading,writing,mathematics,music,physicaleducation,literature,history,andawiderangeofsciences,aswellasplay,whichhealsoconsideredimportant.DuringtheperiodofMiddleAge,theideaofPerennialismwasfirstformulatedbySt.ThomasAquinasinhiswork“DeMagistro”.Perennialismholdsthatoneshouldteachthosethingsdeemedtobeofeverlastingimportancetoallpeopleeverywhere,namelyprinciplesandreasoning,notjustfacts(whichareapttochangeovertime),andthatoneshouldteachfirstaboutpeople,notmachinesortechniques.Itwasoriginallyreligiousinnature,anditwasonlymuchlaterthatatheoryofworldlyPerennialismdeveloped.DuringtheRenaissance（文艺复兴）,theFrenchdoubterMicheldeMontaigne(1533-1592)wasoneofthefirsttocriticallylookateducation.Unusuallyforhistime,Montaignewaswillingtoquestiontheconventionalwisdomoftheperiod,callingintoquestionthewholestructureoftheeducationalsystem,andtheassumptionthatuniversity-educatedphilosopherswerenecessarilywiserthanuneducatedfarmworkers,forexample.Whydomanyeducationistsconsiderphilosophya‘weakandimprecisefield’?

A.Itisthepracticalapplicationsoftherealworld.

B.Itstheoreticalconceptsareeasilyunderstood.

C.Itisirrelevantforeducation.

D.Itisnotpracticallyapplicable.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheapproachesofSocratesandAristotle?

A.Aristotlefelttheneedforrepetitiontodevelopgoodhabitsinstudents;Socratesfeltthatstudentsneedtobeconstantlyquestioned.

B.Aristotlefelttheneedforrote-learning;Socratesemphasizedondialogiclearning.

C.Therewasnodifference.

D.Aristotleemphasizedontheimportanceofpayingattentiontohumannature;Socratesemphasizeduponscience.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword“Perennialism”mostprobablyreferstosomething_____________

A.thatisunnecessary. B.thatisofceaselessimportance.

C.thatisabstractandtheoretical. D.thatexistsnomore.WhydidAquinasproposeamodelofeducationwhichdidnotlaymuchemphasisonfacts?

A.Factsarenotimportant.

B.Factsdonotleadtoholisticeducation.

C.Factschangewiththechangingtimes.

D.Factsarefrozenintime.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Pronounsofferaninsightintowhetherpeopleseethemselvesasindividualsoraspartofawhole.B.Ifyouarespeakinginapersoncontext,you’respeakingaboutsomethingthat’sofrelevancetoyou.C.Theirresearchalsofoundthat“we-talk”ishelpfulforresolvingconflicts.D.Self-centeredpeoplearefoundtobeindifferenttomanythingsinsocietyandotherpeoplebecausealltheirconcentrationisonlyonthemselvesandtheirneeds.E.Thisanalysisof“we-talk”suggestedthatthefrequentuseof“we”and“us”islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships.F.Theyfoundthattoomuch“I-talk”wasanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions. Buildingalastingsocialrelationship Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhoweshareourliveswith,andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn.Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy. AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships,thekeyistouse“we-talk”. LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues,theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5,000participants.__________67__________ Theword“we”movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership,whichmakesusmoreinterdependent.“__________68__________Worduseisawindowintowhatpeoplearethinkingandfeelingwithoutaskingthem,”RobbinstoldScienceDaily. __________69__________Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship-centeredbehaviorsandpositiveperceptionsofthepartner–especiallyimportantintimesofstressanddisagreement. Contraryto“we-talk”,thereis“I-talk”,whichreferstothefrequentuseoffirst-personsingularpronouns,suchas“I”,“me”and“mine”,whenwritingorspeaking.Earlierthisyear,researchersanalyzedasetofdatathatcamefrom4,700peopleinGermanyandtheUS.__________70__________ Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies,toomuch“I-talk”canmakeyoufeeldepressed.But“we-talk”canencourageyoutobecomemorepositiveandcreateachaineffectofhealthyinterdependencewithothers.Sonexttimeyou’retalkingtoafriend,tryusingmore“we-talk”.Youmayfindyourselffeelingmorepositive–andtheeffectitwillhaveonyourfriendwillbepositiveaswell.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.Gossip“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.ManyofourconversationsaregossipandIhavenoticedtheeffectsofgossip.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups,troubleathome—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorshek