《工业互联网导论》课件 4-4 位置定位技术

《工业互联网导论》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei定位技术4.4定位技术定位技术，采用声光、无线电等方式对目标当前位置信息获取的技术手段。企业获取工厂内外的工业生产要素的实时位置信息，就需要通过定位技术来进行管理，使追踪物体所在位置信息更加精准。PositioningTechnology4.4PositioningtechnologyPositioningtechnologyisatechnicalmethodthatgenerallyusessound,light,radio,etc.toobtainthecurrentlocationinformationofthetarget.Formanufacturingcompanies,itisveryimportanttoobtainreal-timelocationinformationofindustrialproductionfactorsinsideandoutsidethefactory.Itneedstobemanagedbypositioningtechnologytomakethelocationinformationoftrackedobjectsmoreaccurate.AGV自动搬运仓储4.4定位技术AGVautomaticguidedvehicles4.4Positioningtechnology室内/室外定位4.4定位技术按照工厂对生产要素的定位应用范围，大体可分为室外定位技术与室内定位技术。Outdoor/indoorpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyAccordingtothefactory’spositioningapplicationrangeofproductionelements,wecandivideitintooutdoorandindoorpositioningtechnology.室外定位系统4.4定位技术室外定位系统，以全球导航卫星系统GNSS最为成熟。主要有美国的GPS系统、中国的北斗BDS系统、俄罗斯的GLONASS系统、欧盟的Galileo系统。outdoorpositioningtechnology4.4PositioningtechnologyForoutdoorpositioningtechnology,theglobalnavigationsatellitesystemGNSSisthebest,mainlyincludingthe

GPSsystemoftheUnitedStates,the

BeidouBDSsystemofChina,the

GLONASSsystemofRussia,andtheGalileosystemoftheEuropeanUnion.GPS系统4.4定位技术GPS系统，由美国国防部研制建立的一种具有全方位、全天候、全时段、高精度的卫星导航系统，为用户提供低成本、高精度的三维位置、速度和精确定时等导航信息，是卫星通信技术在导航领域的应用典范。GPS

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGPSsystem,developedbytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense,isanall-directional,all-weather,all-time,high-precisionsatellitenavigationsystem,whichprovidesuserswithlow-cost,high-precisionthree-dimensionalposition,speedandprecisetimingnavigationinformation.Itisamodelofsatellitecommunicationtechnologyinthefieldofnavigationapplication.BDS系统4.4定位技术BDS系统，中国自主建设运行的全球卫星导航系统，为用户提供全天候、全天时、高精度的定位、导航和授时服务的国家重要时空基础设施。BDSsystem4.4PositioningtechnologyBDSsystemisaglobalsatellitenavigationsystemindependentlydevelopedandoperatedbyChina.Itprovidesuserswithanimportantnationalspace-timeinfrastructurewithall-weather,all-time,high-precisionpositioning,navigationandtimingservices.GLONASS系统4.4定位技术GLONASS系统，最早开发于苏联时期，后由俄罗斯继续该计划，与美国的GPS相似。该系统可为全球海陆空以及近地空间的各种军、民用户全天候、连续地提供高精度的三维位置、三维速度和时间信息。GLONASS

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGLONASSsystemwasfirstdevelopedduringtheSovietera,andlatercontinuedbyRussia,whichissimilartotheGPSoftheUnitedStates.Thesystemcancontinuouslyprovidehigh-precisionthree-dimensionalposition,three-dimensionalspeedandtimeinformationforallkindsofmilitaryandcivilianusersinsea,land,airandnear-Earthspacearoundtheworld.Galileo系统4.4定位技术Galileo系统，欧洲自主、独立的全球多模式卫星定位导航系统，提供高精度，高可靠性的定位服务，实现完全非军方控制、管理，可以进行覆盖全球的导航和定位功能。Galileo

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGalileosystemisaglobalmulti-modesatellitepositioningandnavigationsystemindependentlydevelopedbyEurope.Itachievescompletenon-militarycontrolandmanagementbyprovidinghigh-precisionandhigh-reliabilitypositioningservices.Ithasglobalnavigationandpositioningfunctions.技术小档案4.4定位技术GPS定位基本原理，是根据高速运动卫星的瞬间位置作为已知的起算数据，采用空间距离后方交会的方法，确定待测点的位置。思考：室外定位技术有哪些受影响因素？Technicalfile4.4PositioningtechnologyThebasicprincipleofGPSistousetheinstantaneouspositionofthehigh-speedmovingsatelliteastheknownstartingdataandthemethodofresectioninthespacedistancetodeterminethepositionofthepointtobemeasured.Question:Whatfactorsaffectoutdoorpositioningtechnology?常见室内定位4.4定位技术Commonindoorpositioningtechnology4.4Positioningtechnology蓝牙定位4.4定位技术蓝牙定位，以蓝牙局域网接入点为微网络主设备，随时接入定位对象，通过测量定位对象信号强度，获得用户位置信息。Bluetoothpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyBluetoothpositioningusestheBluetoothLANaccesspointasthemicronetworkmaindevicetoaccessthepositioningobjectatanytime,andobtainuserlocationinformationbymeasuringthesignalstrengthofthepositioningobject.Wi-Fi定位4.4定位技术Wi-Fi定位，借助Wi-Fi网络，扫描和收集周围的无线AP信号，位置服务器结合设备信号计算其位置信息。Wi-Fipositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyWi-Fipositioning.WiththehelpofWi-Finetworks,byscanningandcollectingsurroundingwirelessAPsignals,thelocationservercombinesthedevicesignalstocalculateitslocationinformation.UWB定位4.4定位技术UWB定位，利用UWB脉冲信号发射位置数据，定位基站接收并计算出定位标签信号到达不同定位基站的时间差，获得被定位对象的位置。UWBpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyUWBpositioningusesUWBpulsesignaltotransmitpositiondata,thepositioningbasestationreceivesandcalculatesthetimedifferenceofthepositioningtagsignaltodifferentpositioningbasestations,soastoobtainthepositionofthepositionedobject.ZigBee定位4.4定位技术ZigBee定位，以ZigBee模块作为定位盲节点，利用已知位置参考节点与网关之间形成组网，参考节点和盲节点之间相互协调通信以实现全部定位。ZigBeepositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyZigBeepositioningtakestheZigBeemoduleasthepositioningblindnode.Itusestheknownpositionofthereferencenodeandtheblindnodetobedeterminedtoformanetworkwiththegateway,andthereferencenodeandtheblindnodearecoordinatedtorealizeallpositioning.红外线定位4.4定位技术红外线定位，以红外线电子标签作为信源，通过室内安装的多个红外传感器进测量信号源的距离或角度，从而计算出定位对象所在的位置。infraredpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyInfraredpositioningtakesinfraredelectronictagsastheinformationsource,andmeasuresthedistanceorangleofthesignalsourcethroughmultipleinfraredsensorsinstalledindoors,soastotolocateofthepositioningobject.超声波定位4.4定位技术超声波定位，通过室内安装的多个超声波扬声器进行超声波发射，定位对象的麦克风检测不同超声波到达的时间差，推测出定位对象的位置信息。ultrasonicpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyUltrasonicpositioningtransmitsultrasonicwavesthroughmultipleultrasonicspeakersinstalledindoors,andthemicrophoneofthepositioningobjectdetectsthetimedifferenceofthearrivalofdifferentultrasonicwaves,soastoinferthepositioninformationofthepositioningobject.射频识别定位4.4定位技术射频识别定位，通过室内固定天线把无线电信号调成电磁场，射频标签经过磁化产生感应电流将数据传送出去，实现多对双向通信达到识别和三角定位作用。radiofrequencyidentificationpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyRadiofrequencyidentificationpositioningmodulatestheradiosignalintoanelectromagneticfieldthroughanindoorfixedantenna,andtheradiofrequencytaggeneratesaninducedcurrentthroughmagnetizationtotransmitthedataandrealizemultiplepairsoftwo-waycommunicationtoachieveidentificationandtriangulation.射频