2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：天文地球科学

2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：天文地球科学考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、选词填空要求：从每道题的四个选项中，选择一个最合适的词填入句子空白处，使句子意思完整、通顺。每道题只有一个正确答案。1.Thestudyoftheuniverse,includingstars,planets,andgalaxies,hasalwaysfascinatedhumans.Despitethevastdistancesinvolved,astronomershavemadeincredible_______inunderstandingthecosmos.A.advancesB.discoveriesC.mysteriesD.theories2.Earth'satmosphereisacomplexsystemthatprotectsusfromharmfulsolarradiation.Italsoplaysacrucialroleinregulatingtheplanet's_______andclimate.A.temperatureB.pressureC.compositionD.rotation3.PlatetectonicsisatheorythatexplainsthemovementofEarth'slithosphere.Thismovementhasshapedthecontinents,oceans,andmountainsweseetoday.Theevidenceforplatetectonicsincludes_______offossils,earthquakes,andvolcanicactivity.A.patternsB.locationsC.datesD.depths4.Thesearchforextraterrestriallifehasbeenatopicofgreatinterestforscientists.ResearchershavelookedforsignsoflifebeyondEarthinplaceslikeMarsandthemoonsofJupiter.Sofar,the_______hasbeeninconclusive,butthesearchcontinues.A.missionB.evidenceC.hypothesisD.conclusion5.Weatherpatternsareinfluencedbyavarietyoffactors,includingtemperature,humidity,andwind.Understandingthesepatternshelpsuspredictweatherconditionsandpreparefornaturaldisasters.Forexample,ElNiñoisa_______phenomenonthatcancausesignificantchangesinweatheraroundtheworld.A.seasonalB.predictableC.globalD.localized6.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasprovideduswithstunningimagesoftheuniverse.Itsobservationshavehelpedastronomersunderstandthe_______ofgalaxiesandtheexpansionoftheuniverse.A.structureB.sizeC.ageD.distance7.Climatechangeisamajorconcernforscientistsworldwide.Itiscausedbytheincreaseingreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,primarilyduetohumanactivities.Theconsequencesofclimatechangeincluderisingsealevels,moreextremeweatherevents,andthelossofbiodiversity.A.naturalB.gradualC.human-inducedD.unpredictable8.TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isacollaborativeprojectbetweenseveralcountries.Itservesasaplatformforscientificresearchandspaceexploration.AstronautsontheISSconductexperimentsthathelpusunderstandtheeffectsofspaceonthehumanbody.A.missionB.habitatC.laboratoryD.destination9.ThegeologictimescaleisasystemthatdividesEarth'shistoryintodifferentperiods.Thisscaleisbasedonthefossilrecordandothergeologicalevidence.Ithelpsusunderstandtheevolutionoflifeandthemajoreventsthathaveshapedourplanet.A.timelineB.frameworkC.hypothesisD.theory10.Thesearchfordarkmatteranddarkenergyhasbecomeamajorfocusinastrophysics.Thesemysteriouscomponentsmakeupasignificantportionoftheuniversebutarenotdirectlyobservable.Scientistsareusingadvancedtelescopesandotherinstrumentstotrytounderstandtheirproperties.A.phenomenaB.mysteriesC.forcesD.particles二、段落填空要求：从每道题的四个选项中，选择一个最合适的词填入句子空白处，使段落意思完整、通顺。每道题只有一个正确答案。TheMilkyWayisourhomegalaxy,avastcollectionofstars,planets,andothercelestialobjects.ItisestimatedthattheMilkyWaycontains_______stars,makingitoneofthelargestgalaxiesintheuniverse.A.millionsB.billionsC.thousandsD.hundredsStudyingtheMilkyWayhelpsusunderstandthestructureandevolutionofgalaxies.Astronomersusetelescopestoobservethestarsandotherobjectswithinthegalaxy.Byanalyzingtheirmovementsandproperties,theycan_______theageandcompositionoftheMilkyWay.A.determineB.estimateC.predictD.imagineOneofthemostfascinatingfeaturesoftheMilkyWayisitsblackhole,knownasSagittariusA*.Thissupermassiveblackholeislocatedatthecenterofthegalaxy.IthasamassmillionsoftimesthatofourSun.TheexistenceofSagittariusA*wasfirst_______throughtheobservationofstarsorbitingaroundit.A.discoveredB.suggestedC.predictedD.questionedThestudyoftheMilkyWayalsohelpsusunderstandthedistributionofdarkmatterintheuniverse.Darkmatterisaninvisibleformofmatterthatdoesnotemitlightbutexertsgravitationaleffects.Astronomersbelievethatdarkmatter_______upto85%oftheuniverse'stotalmass.A.consistsB.constitutesC.containsD.composesTheMilkyWayisnottheonlygalaxyintheuniverse.ItispartofagroupofgalaxiescalledtheLocalGroup.TheLocalGroupcontainsabout54galaxies,includingtheAndromedaGalaxy,whichistheclosestspiralgalaxytotheMilkyWay.ThedistancebetweentheMilkyWayandAndromedaisabout2.5millionlight-years.A.consistsofB.iscomposedofC.includesD.containsStudyingothergalaxieshelpsusunderstandthediversityoftheuniverse.Differentgalaxieshavedifferentshapes,sizes,andcompositions.Somegalaxiesarespirals,whileothersareellipticalorirregular.Bystudyingthesedifferences,astronomerscan_______theprocessesthatshapegalaxies.A.understandB.explainC.describeD.predictThestudyoftheMilkyWayandothergalaxieshasalsoledtothediscoveryofexoplanets.Exoplanetsareplanetsthatorbitstarsoutsideoursolarsystem.Theseplanetscanbeverydifferentfromthoseinoursolarsystem.Someexoplanetsaregasgiants,whileothersarerockyplanets.Thesearchforexoplanetshelpsusunderstandthediversityofplanetarysystemsintheuniverse.A.havebeenfoundB.havebeendiscoveredC.arebeingdiscoveredD.willbediscovered三、阅读理解要求：仔细阅读下面的文章，然后根据文章内容回答问题。每道题只有一个正确答案。TheEarth'sclimatehasundergonesignificantchangesthroughoutitshistory.Thesechangeshavebeendrivenbyavarietyoffactors,includingvolcaniceruptions,changesinsolarradiation,andvariationsintheEarth'sorbit.OneofthemostsignificantperiodsofclimatechangeinEarth'shistorywastheIceAge.TheIceAgewasaperiodwhenlargepartsoftheEarthwerecoveredinicesheets.TheseicesheetsextendedacrossNorthAmerica,Europe,andAsia.TheIceAgebeganabout2.6millionyearsagoandendedabout11,700yearsago.DuringtheIceAge,theEarth'saveragetemperaturewasmuchcolderthanitistoday.Thecoldclimateledtotheformationofglaciers,whicharelargebodiesoficethatmoveslowlyovertheland.OneofthemaincausesoftheIceAgewaschangesintheEarth'sorbit.TheEarth'sorbitisnotaperfectcircle;itiselliptical,whichmeansthatthedistancebetweentheEarthandtheSunvariesthroughouttheyear.ThesechangesintheEarth'sorbitaffecttheamountofsolarradiationthatreachestheEarth.WhentheEarthisfartherfromtheSun,itreceiveslesssolarradiation,whichcausestheclimatetocool.AnotherimportantfactorthatcontributedtotheIceAgewasvolcanicactivity.Volcaniceruptionsreleaselargeamountsofgasesintotheatmosphere,includingcarbondioxideandsulfurdioxide.ThesegasescanaffecttheEarth'sclimate.Forexample,carbondioxideisagreenhousegasthattrapsheatintheatmosphere.Whentheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereincreases,theEarth'stemperaturecanrise.However,duringtheIceAge,theconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewasactuallylowerthanitistoday.TheIceAgehadasignificantimpactontheEarth'secosystems.Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalswentextinctduringthisperiod.Thecoldclimateandthepresenceoficesheetsmadeitdifficultformanyspeciestosurvive.However,somespecieswereabletoadapttothecoldenvironment.Forexample,mammalslikemammothsandsaber-toothedcatsthrivedduringtheIceAge.TheendoftheIceAgewasalsoinfluencedbynaturalfactors.OneofthemainfactorswasthereleaseofCO2fromtheoceans.Astheicesheetsbegantomelt,thewaterlevelintheoceansrose,whichcausedmoreCO2tobereleasedfromtheoceansintotheatmosphere.ThisincreaseinCO2ledtoariseintheEarth'stemperature,whicheventuallyendedtheIceAge.Today,theEarthisfacingadifferenttypeofclimatechange,whichiscausedbyhumanactivities.Theburningoffossilfuels,deforestation,andotherhumanactivitieshaveincreasedtheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ThishasledtoariseintheEarth'stemperature,whichiscausingavarietyofproblems,includingmoreextremeweatherevents,risingsealevels,andthelossofbiodiversity.1.WhatwasoneofthemaincausesoftheIceAgeaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereleaseofgreenhousegasesfromhumanactivities.B.ChangesintheEarth'sorbit.C.Increasedvolcanicactivity.D.Themeltingoficesheets.2.HowdidvolcanicactivitycontributetotheIceAge?A.VolcaniceruptionsreleasedgreenhousegasesthatwarmedtheEarth.B.VolcaniceruptionsreleasedgasesthatcooledtheEarth.C.Volcaniceruptionsreleasedgasesthattrappedheatintheatmosphere.D.VolcaniceruptionsreleasedgasesthatreflectedsunlightawayfromtheEarth.3.WhatwastheimpactoftheIceAgeonEarth'secosystems?A.Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalswentextinct.B.Allspeciesofplantsandanimalsthrived.C.Thediversityofspeciesincreased.D.TheEarth'secosystemswerenotaffected.4.WhatcausedtheendoftheIceAge?A.ThereleaseofCO2fromtheoceans.B.Theburningoffossilfuels.C.Theincreaseinsolarradiation.D.Themeltingofglaciers.5.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweentheIceAgeandthecurrentclimatechange?A.TheIceAgewascausedbynaturalfactors,whilecurrentclimatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities.B.TheIceAgewascausedbyhumanactivities,whilecurrentclimatechangeiscausedbynaturalfactors.C.TheIceAgeandcurrentclimatechangewerecausedbythesamefactors.D.ThereisnodifferencebetweentheIceAgeandcurrentclimatechange.6.WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyoftheIceAge?A.Ithelpsusunderstandtheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheclimate.B.Ithelpsusunderstandthenaturalfactorsthatcancauseclimatechange.C.Ithelpsuspredictfutureclimatechange.D.Ithelpsusdeveloptechnologiestocombatclimatechange.7.WhatistheroleofcarbondioxideintheEarth'sclimate?A.Ittrapsheatintheatmosphere.B.ItreflectssunlightawayfromtheEarth.C.ItcoolstheEarth.D.ItcausestheEarth'sorbittochange.8.Whatisthemainconclusionofthepassage?A.TheEarth'sclimatehasalwaysbeenstable.B.TheEarth'sclimatehasundergonesignificantchangesthroughoutitshistory.C.HumanactivitieshavenoimpactontheEarth'sclimate.D.TheIceAgewastheworstperiodofclimatechangeinEarth'shistory.9.WhatisthesignificanceoftheEarth'sorbitinthecontextofclimatechange?A.ItdeterminesthedistancebetweentheEarthandtheSun.B.ItaffectstheamountofsolarradiationthatreachestheEarth.C.ItcausestheEarthtorotateonitsaxis.D.IthasnoimpactontheEarth'sclimate.10.WhatistheroleofglaciersinthecontextoftheIceAge?A.TheyhelpedtocooltheEarth.B.TheywereamajorcauseoftheIceAge.C.Theymovedslowlyovertheland.D.TheywerenotaffectedbytheIceAge.四、完形填空要求：从每道题的四个选项中，选择一个最合适的词填入句子空白处，使段落意思完整、通顺。每道题只有一个正确答案。ThestudyofplatetectonicshasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheEarth'ssurface.ThistheoryexplainshowtheEarth'slithosphereisdividedintoseverallargeplatesthatmoveovertheasthenosphere.Themovementoftheseplatesisresponsibleformanygeologicalphenomena,includingearthquakes,volcaniceruptions,andtheformationofmountains.Theevidenceforplatetectonicscomesfromavarietyofsources.Oneofthemostimportantpiecesofevidenceisthedistributionoffossils.Fossilsofthesamespecieshavebeenfoundoncontinentsthatarenowwidelyseparated.Forexample,fossilsoftheancientreptileMesosaurushavebeenfoundinbothAfricaandSouthAmerica.Thissuggeststhatthesecontinentswereonceconnected.Anotherpieceofevidenceforplatetectonicsisthedistributionofearthquakes.Earthquakesareprimarilycausedbythemovementofplatesalongfaults.Thepatternofearthquakesaroundtheworldshowsthattheyareconcentratedalongspecificlines,whichcorrespondtotheboundariesoftectonicplates.Forexample,thePacificRingofFireisaregionwheremanyearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsoccur.Thisregionisboundedbyseveraltectonicplates,includingthePacificPlate,theNorthAmericanPlate,andtheEurasianPlate.Volcanicactivityisalsoakeypieceofevidenceforplatetectonics.Volcanoesareoftenfoundalongtheboundariesoftectonicplates.Forexample,thevolcanoesoftheCascadeRangeintheUnitedStatesarelocatedalongtheboundarybetweentheJuandeFucaPlateandtheNorthAmericanPlate.Thissuggeststhatthemovementoftheseplatesiscausingmagmatorisetothesurface,formingvolcanoes.Themovementoftectonicplatesisdrivenbyconvectioncurrentsintheasthenosphere.ThesecurrentsarecausedbytheheatfromtheEarth'score.Astheasthenosphereheatsup,itrises,andasitcools,itsinks.Thismovementofhotandcoldmaterialcreatesconvectioncurrentsthatpushandpullthetectonicplates.ThetheoryofplatetectonicshasmanyimplicationsforourunderstandingoftheEarth'shistory.Ithelpsusunderstandhowcontinentshavemovedovertimeandhowtheywillcontinuetomoveinthefuture.Italsohelpsuspredictwhereearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsarelikelytooccur.Thisinformationiscrucialforplanningandmitigatingtherisksassociatedwiththesenaturaldisasters.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Themovementoftectonicplatesisdrivenbyconvectioncurrentsintheasthenosphere.B.ThetheoryofplatetectonicsexplainshowtheEarth'slithosphereisdividedintoseverallargeplates.C.Theevidenceforplatetectonicscomesfromavarietyofsources,includingfossils,earthquakes,andvolcanicactivity.D.ThestudyofplatetectonicshasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheEarth'ssurface.2.Whatisthesignificanceofthedistributionoffossilsasevidenceforplatetectonics?A.Fossilsofthesamespecieshavebeenfoundoncontinentsthatarenowwidelyseparated.B.Fossilsarenotareliablesourceofevidenceforplatetectonics.C.Fossilsareonlyfoundinareaswithvolcanicactivity.D.Fossilsarenotaffectedbythemovementoftectonicplates.3.Howdoearthquakesprovideevidenceforplatetectonics?A.Earthquakesareprimarilycausedbythemovementofplatesalongfaults.B.Earthquakesarenotrelatedtothemovementoftectonicplates.C.Earthquakesonlyoccurinareaswithvolcanicactivity.D.Earthquakesarenotasignificantsourceofevidenceforplatetectonics.4.Whatistheroleofvolcanicactivityinthecontextofplatetectonics?A.Volcanoesareoftenfoundalongtheboundariesoftectonicplates.B.Volcanicactivityisnotrelatedtothemovementoftectonicplates.C.Volcanicactivityonlyoccursinareaswithearthquakes.D.Volcanicactivityisnotasignificantsourceofevidenceforplatetectonics.5.Howareconvectioncurrentsintheasthenosphererelatedtothemovementoftectonicplates?A.ConvectioncurrentsarecausedbytheheatfromtheEarth'scoreandpushandpullthetectonicplates.B.Convectioncurrentsarenotrelatedtothemovementoftectonicplates.C.Convectioncurrentsonlyoccurinareaswithvolcanicactivity.D.Convectioncurrentsarenotasignificantsourceofevidenceforplatetectonics.6.WhataretheimplicationsofthetheoryofplatetectonicsforourunderstandingoftheEarth'shistory?A.Ithelpsusunderstandhowcontinentshavemovedovertimeandhowtheywillcontinuetomoveinthefuture.B.ItdoesnotprovideanyinformationabouttheEarth'shistory.C.Itonlyhelpsusunderstandtheformationofmountains.D.ItisnotrelevanttoourunderstandingoftheEarth'shistory.7.Whyisthestudyofplatetectonicsimportant?A.Ithelpsuspredictwhereearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsarelikelytooccur.B.ItisnotimportantforunderstandingtheEarth'ssurface.C.Itonlyhelpsusunderstandthedistributionoffossils.D.Itisnotrelevanttoourunderstandingofnaturaldisasters.8.Whatistheroleoftheasthenosphereinthecontextofplatetectonics?A.ItisthelayeroftheEarthwhereconvectioncurrentsoccur.B.Itisnotrelatedtothemovementoftectonicplates.C.Itonlyoccursinareaswithvolcanicactivity.D.Itisnotasignificantsourceofevidenceforplatetectonics.9.Howdoesthetheoryofplatetectonicshelpusunderstandnaturaldisasters?A.Ithelpsuspredictwhereearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsarelikelytooccur.B.Itdoesnotprovideanyinformationaboutnaturaldisasters.C.Itonlyhelpsusunderstandtheformationofmountains.D.Itisnotrelevanttoourunderstandingofnaturaldisasters.10.WhatisthesignificanceofthePacificRingofFire?A.Itisaregionwheremanyearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsoccur.B.Itisnotrelatedtothemovementoftectonicplates.C.Itonlyoccursinareaswithearthquakes.D.Itisnotasignificantsourceofevidenceforplatetectonics.本次试卷答案如下一、选词填空1.Aadvances解析：根据句意，astronomershavemadeincredible_______inunderstandingthecosmos，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“进步、发展”的词。选项Aadvances符合这个意思，表示天文学家在理解宇宙方面取得了非凡的进步。选项Bdiscoveries表示发现，选项Cmysteries表示谜团，选项Dtheories表示理论，都不符合句意。2.Atemperature解析：根据句意，Theatmosphereplaysacrucialroleinregulatingtheplanet's_______andclimate，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“温度”的词。选项Atemperature符合这个意思，表示大气层在调节地球的温度和气候方面起着至关重要的作用。选项Bpressure表示压力，选项Ccomposition表示成分，选项Drotation表示旋转，都不符合句意。3.Apatterns解析：根据句意，Theevidenceforplatetectonicsincludes_______offossils,earthquakes,andvolcanicactivity，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“模式、规律”的词。选项Apatterns符合这个意思，表示板块构造的证据包括化石、地震和火山活动的模式。选项Blocations表示位置，选项Cdates表示日期，选项Ddepths表示深度，都不符合句意。4.Bevidence解析：根据句意，Thesearchforextraterrestriallifehasbeenatopicofgreatinterestforscientists.ResearchershavelookedforsignsoflifebeyondEarthinplaceslikeMarsandthemoonsofJupiter.Sofar,the_______hasbeeninconclusive，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“证据”的词。选项Bevidence符合这个意思，表示对外星生命的搜索一直是科学家们非常感兴趣的话题。研究人员在火星和木星的卫星等地方寻找地球之外生命的迹象。到目前为止，证据是不确定的。选项Amission表示任务，选项Chypothesis表示假设，选项Dconclusion表示结论，都不符合句意。5.Cglobal解析：根据句意，ElNiñoisa_______phenomenonthatcancausesignificantchangesinweatheraroundtheworld，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“全球性的”的词。选项Cglobal符合这个意思，表示厄尔尼诺是一种全球性的现象，它可以导致世界各地的天气发生重大变化。选项Aseasonal表示季节性的，选项Bpredictable表示可预测的，选项Dlocalized表示局部的，都不符合句意。6.Cage解析：根据句意，TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasprovideduswithstunningimagesoftheuniverse.Itsobservationshavehelpedastronomersunderstandthe_______ofgalaxiesandtheexpansionoftheuniverse，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“年龄”的词。选项Cage符合这个意思，表示哈勃太空望远镜为我们提供了宇宙的惊人图像。它的观测帮助天文学家了解了星系的年龄和宇宙的膨胀。选项Astructure表示结构，选项Bsize表示大小，选项Ddistance表示距离，都不符合句意。7.Chuman-induced解析：根据句意，Climatechangeisamajorconcernforscientistsworldwide.Itiscausedbytheincreaseingreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,primarilyduetohumanactivities.Theconsequencesofclimatechangeincluderisingsealevels,moreextremeweatherevents,andthelossofbiodiversity，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“由人类活动引起的”的词。选项Chuman-induced符合这个意思，表示气候变化是全世界科学家们的一个主要担忧。它是由大气中温室气体的增加引起的，主要是由于人类活动。气候变化的后果包括海平面上升、更极端的天气事件和生物多样性的丧失。选项Anatural表示自然的，选项Bgradual表示逐渐的，选项Dunpredictable表示不可预测的，都不符合句意。8.Claboratory解析：根据句意，TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isacollaborativeprojectbetweenseveralcountries.Itservesasaplatformforscientificresearchandspaceexploration.AstronautsontheISSconductexperimentsthathelpusunderstandtheeffectsofspaceonthehumanbody，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“实验室”的词。选项Claboratory符合这个意思，表示国际空间站（ISS）是一个由几个国家合作的项目。它是一个科学研究和太空探索的平台。国际空间站上的宇航员进行实验，这些实验帮助我们理解太空对人体的影响。选项Amission表示任务，选项Bhabitat表示栖息地，选项Ddestination表示目的地，都不符合句意。9.Bframework解析：根据句意，ThegeologictimescaleisasystemthatdividesEarth'shistoryintodifferentperiods.Thisscaleisbasedonthefossilrecordandothergeologicalevidence.Ithelpsusunderstandtheevolutionoflifeandthemajoreventsthathaveshapedourplanet，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“框架、体系”的词。选项Bframework符合这个意思，表示地质年代尺度是一个将地球历史划分为不同时期的系统。这个尺度基于化石记录和其他地质证据。它帮助我们理解生命的进化以及塑造我们星球的主要事件。选项Atimeline表示时间线，选项Chypothesis表示假设，选项Dtheory表示理论，都不符合句意。10.Bmysteries解析：根据句意，Thesearchfordarkmatteranddarkenergyhasbecomeamajorfocusinastrophysics.Thesemysteriouscomponentsmakeupasignificantportionoftheuniversebutarenotdirectlyobservable.Scientistsareusingadvancedtelescopesandotherinstrumentstotrytounderstandtheirproperties，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“谜团、神秘事物”的词。选项Bmysteries符合这个意思，表示对暗物质和暗能量的搜索已经成为天体物理学的一个主要焦点。这些神秘的成分构成了宇宙的重要组成部分，但它们不能直接观察到。科学家们正在使用先进的望远镜和其他仪器来试图了解它们的性质。选项Aphenomena表示现象，选项Cforces表示力量，选项Dparticles表示粒子，都不符合句意。二、段落填空1.Bbillions解析：根据句意，TheMilkyWayisourhomegalaxy,avastcollectionofstars,planets,andothercelestialobjects.ItisestimatedthattheMilkyWaycontains_______stars,makingitoneofthelargestgalaxiesintheuniverse，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“数十亿”的词。选项Bbillions符合这个意思，表示银河系是我们家园的星系，是一个庞大的星星、行星和其他天体集合。据估计，银河系含有数十亿颗星星，使其成为宇宙中最大的星系之一。选项Amillions表示数百万，选项Cthousands表示数千，选项Dhundreds表示数百，都不符合句意。2.Adetermine解析：根据句意，StudyingtheMilkyWayhelpsusunderstandthestructureandevolutionofgalaxies.Astronomersusetelescopestoobservethestarsandotherobjectswithinthegalaxy.Byanalyzingtheirmovementsandproperties,theycan_______theageandcompositionoftheMilkyWay，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“确定、判断”的词。选项Adetermine符合这个意思，表示研究银河系帮助我们理解星系的结构和演化。天文学家使用望远镜来观察银河系内的星星和其他物体。通过分析它们的运动和性质，他们可以确定银河系的年龄和组成。选项Bestimate表示估计，选项Cpredict表示预测，选项Dimagine表示想象，都不符合句意。3.Adiscovered解析：根据句意，TheexistenceofSagittariusA*wasfirst_______throughtheobservationofstarsorbitingaroundit，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“发现”的词。选项Adiscovered符合这个意思，表示SagittariusA*的存在是通过观察绕其运行的恒星首先发现的。选项Bsuggested表示建议，选项Cpredicted表示预测，选项Dquestioned表示质疑，都不符合句意。4.Bconstitutes解析：根据句意，ThestudyoftheMilkyWayalsohelpsusunderstandthedistributionofdarkmatterintheuniverse.Darkmatterisaninvisibleformofmatterthatdoesnotemitlightbutexertsgravitationaleffects.Astronomersbelievethatdarkmatter_______upto85%oftheuniverse'stotalmass，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“构成、组成”的词。选项Bconstitutes符合这个意思，表示研究银河系也帮助我们理解暗物质在宇宙中的分布。暗物质是一种看不见的物质，它不发光但产生引力效应。天文学家认为暗物质占宇宙总质量的85%。选项Aconsistsof表示由...组成，选项Ccontains表示包含，选项Dcomposes表示构成，都不符合句意。5.Cincludes解析：根据句意，TheLocalGroupcontainsabout54galaxies,includingtheAndromedaGalaxy,whichistheclosestspiralgalaxytotheMilkyWay.ThedistancebetweentheMilkyWayandAndromedaisabout2.5millionlight-years，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“包括”的词。选项Cincludes符合这个意思，表示本星系群包含大约54个星系，包括仙女座星系，它是银河系最近的旋涡星系。银河系和仙女座之间的距离大约是250万光年。选项Aconsistsof表示由...组成，选项Biscomposedof表示由...组成，选项Dcontains表示包含，都不符合句意。6.Aunderstand解析：根据句意，Bystudyingthesedifferences,astronomerscan_______theprocessesthatshapegalaxies，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“理解”的词。选项Aunderstand符合这个意思，表示通过研究这些差异，天文学家可以理解塑造星系的过程。选项Bexplain表示解释，选项Cdescribe表示描述，选项Dpredict表示预测，都不符合句意。7.Ahavebeenfound解析：根据句意，Thesearchforexoplanetshasledtothediscoveryofexoplanets.Exoplanetsareplanetsthatorbitstarsoutsideoursolarsystem.Theseplanetscanbeverydifferentfromthoseinoursolarsystem.Someexoplanetsaregasgiants,whileothersarerockyplanets.Thesearchforexoplanetshelpsusunderstandthediversityofplanetarysystemsintheuniverse，这里的空格需要填入一个表示“被发现”的词。选项Ahavebeenfound符合这个意思，表示对外行星的搜索导致了外行星的发现。外行星是绕我们太阳系外恒星运行的行星。这些行星可能与我们太阳系中的那些行星非常不同。有些外行星是气态巨行星，而另一些是岩石行星。对外行星的搜索帮助我们理解宇宙中行星系统的多样性。选项Bhavebeendiscovered表示已被发现，选项Carebeingdiscovered表示正在被发现，选项Dwillbediscovered表示将被发现，都不符合句意。三、阅读理解1.BChangesintheEarth'sorbit解析：根据文章第一段，TheIceAgewasaperiodwhenlargepartsoftheEarthwerecoveredinicesheets.TheseicesheetsextendedacrossNorthAmerica,Europe,andAsia.TheIceAgebeganabout2.6millionyearsagoandendedabout11,700yearsago.DuringtheIceAge,theEarth'saveragetemperaturewasmuchcolderthanitistoday.Thecoldclimateledtotheformationofglaciers,whicharelargebodiesoficethatmoveslowlyovertheland.Thesecond段提到，OneofthemaincausesoftheIceAgewaschangesintheEarth'sorbit.TheEarth'sorbitisnotaperfectcircle;itiselliptical,whichmeansthatthedistancebetweentheEarthandtheSunvariesthroughouttheyear.ThesechangesintheEarth'sorbitaffecttheamountofsolarradiationthatreachestheEarth.WhentheEarthisfartherfromtheSun,itreceiveslesssolarradiation,whichcausestheclimatetocool.所以答案是“地球轨道的变化”。2.BVolcaniceruptionsreleasedgasesthatcooledtheEarth解析：根据文章第三段，AnotherimportantfactorthatcontributedtotheIceAgewasvolcanicactivity.Volcaniceruptionsreleaselargeamountsofgasesintotheatmosphere,includingcarbondioxideandsulfurdioxide.ThesegasescanaffecttheEarth'sclimate.Forexample,carbondioxideisagreenhousegasthattrapsheatintheatmosphere.Whentheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereincreases,theEarth'stemperaturecanrise.However，文章第四段提到，Theevidenceforplatetectonicsincludes_______offossils,earthquakes,andvolcanicactivity.Thissuggeststhatthemovementoftheseplatesiscausingmagmatorisetothesurface,formingvolcanoes.Thefifth段提到，TheendoftheIceAgewasalsoinfluencedbynaturalfactors.OneofthemainfactorswasthereleaseofCO2fromtheoceans.Astheicesheetsbegantomelt,thewaterlevelintheoceansrose,whichcausedmoreCO2tobereleasedfromtheoceansintotheatmosphere.ThisincreaseinCO2ledtoariseintheEarth'stemperature,whicheventuallyendedtheIceAge.所以火山活动实际上是释放了温室气体，导致地球变暖，而不是变冷。因此，正确答案是“火山喷发释放了冷却地球的气体”。3.AManyspeciesofplantsandanimalswentextinct解析：根据文章第四段，TheIceAgehadasignificantimpactontheEarth'secosystems.Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalswentextinctduringthisperiod.Thecoldclimateandthepresenceoficesheetsmadeitdifficultformanyspeciestosurvive.However,somespecieswereabletoadapttothecoldenvironment.Forexample,mammalslikemammothsandsaber-toothedcatsthrivedduringtheIceAge.所以答案是“许多动植物物种灭绝了”。4.AThereleaseofCO2fromtheoceans解析：根据文章第五段，TheendoftheIceAgewasalsoinfluencedbynaturalfactors.OneofthemainfactorswasthereleaseofCO2fromtheoceans.Astheicesheetsbegantomelt,thewaterlevelintheoceansrose,whichcausedmoreCO2tobereleasedfromtheoceansintotheatmosphere.ThisincreaseinCO2ledtoariseintheEarth'stemperature,whi