英语阅读理解(教育文化)练习题及答案及解析

英语阅读理解(教育文化)练习题及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

NewJerseyMiddleSchoolMakesStudentsGoPhone-Free

AmiddleschoolinUnionCounty,NewJersey,isforcingitsstudentstostaydisconnectedinclass,byprohibitingcellphones.MaxsonMiddleSchoolPrincipalKevinStansburyputforwardthephonebanlastweekafterhenoticedsomemajorissuesintheschool."Ourtestscoresweredown,disciplinewasup,"hesays.Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.So,hepurchasedYondrpouchesfortheschool.

Yondrpouch

Whenstudentscomeintoclasseachmorning,theyplacetheirphonesinthepouch,whichisthenlockeduptight.Itcanonlybeopenedusingaspecialdeviceattheendoftheday.Thebanonmobiledevicesappliesnotjustduringclasstimebutduringbreaks,withtheonlyexceptionsbeingintimesofemergencyorincasesofstudentswhoneedsuchdevicestohelpwithdisabilities.

Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours."It'sjustbetterforeveryonebecauseyou'llunderstandhowitfeelstogetmoreworkdoneinsteadofpayingattentiontothephone,"saysstudentCharleneV."I'musuallylisteningtomusic,buttodayIgottocommunicatewithallmyfriends,"saysstudentDesireeDuncan.

Theprogramwasoriginallymetwithresistancefromstudentsandparents,sotheprocesswasnotthatsmooth.Butteachersandadministratorssaythattheprogramwillhaveamajorimpact."Studentsweretalkingandlaughingandtherewerenocellphonesotherthanbeingcarriedinthepouches,"Stansburysays.

TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.Shesaysstudentsusedtogiveupquicklyandjustlookforanswersontheirphones.Shesaystheynowtrytofigureitoutthemselves."Everyoneissocializingandeatinglunchtogether.That'swhatIwasn'tseeingenoughofwhenphoneusagewasatitsworst,"sheadds.

MaxsonMiddleSchooliscurrentlytheonlyoneinthedistricttousethesepouches.KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.（1）MaxsonMiddleSchoolputforwardthephonebanbecausestudents_____.A.weren'tfocusedonschoolworkB.werealwayslisteningtomusicC.usedphonestocheatonexamsD.stoppedtalkingwithothers（2）Whatdidthetwoeighth-graderstellthenewspaper?A.Oppositionfromstudents.B.Teamworkwithfriends.C.Dailyroutineatschool.D.Effectoftheprogram.（3）AccordingtoNiaCummings,whatchangehasthephonebanbrought?A.Studentsdiscussmoreinclass.B.Studentsfinishtheirworkontime.C.Studentsguesstheanswersthemselves.D.Studentscheckmessagesduringthebreak.（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthephoneban_____.A.hasbroughtlittlechangetoteachingandlearningB.hasgainedsupportfromeverystudentandparentC.mightbecarriedoutinotherschoolsinthecommunityD.mighthavegoodinfluenceonstudents'healthconditions【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新泽西高中实行“手机禁止”措施，以保证学生们正常的课业学习效率。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中“Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.”可知学生们太过于关注手机了以至于上课时无法专注，因此Maxson中学推行手机禁止计划是因为学生们无法专注学业。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours.”可知两位八年级的同学告诉报社说，实施一段时间后他们注意到发生了改变，意在表明两位同学对报社表达了这个项目所带来的影响。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中“TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.”可知，NiaCummings老师甚至留意到了学生们在课堂上互相探讨想法，因此根据NiaCummings说的，禁止手使用机带来的好处是同学们在课堂上讨论的更多了。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.”可知，KevinStansbury号召本社区内的其他学校，手机使用的问题是值得关注的，有必要的时候可以采取措施。意在表明在社区内的其他学校也可能实施手机禁止的办法。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建议)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，因为这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。所以本文的目标读者是父母们，而不是研究人员、老师或儿童。故选C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告诉父母们如果他们这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，满足三个要求的人认知能力最好，接下来是满足睡眠时间以及屏幕消遣限制时间，最后是满足屏幕消遣限制时间。据此推断，体育锻炼对认知能力影响最小。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建议父母们给孩子设立睡眠规则，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是确保孩子在卧室里有足够的睡眠时间。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Idiomsareoneofthehardestpartsoflearningalanguage.Forthoseofyouwhodon'tknow,anidiomisaphrasewhichhasameaning,butthemeaningisnotclearfromthewordsthemselves.Ifyoutranslateanidiomwordforword,itsometimesmakesnosenseatall.Theyarelikepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscangetconfusedwhensomeoneusesaphrasethatthey'veneverheardof.Withthatinmind,herearefivecommonEnglishidiomsthatyoucanuseinavarietyofSituations.⒈Getyouracttogether(Meaning:youneedtoimproveyourbehaviour/work)

Thismightbesomethingyourteachersaystoyouifyouscorebadlyinanexamorifyoumisbehaveinclass.Youcanalsouseittotalkaboutpeopleingeneral.Forexample,ifyourfriendisbeingmeanornastyfornoreason,thenyoucantellthemthattheyneedtogettheiracttogether.⒉Pullyourselftogether(Meaning:calmdown)

Thisisasomewhatimpolitewayoftellingsomeonethattheyareoverreactingandthattheyneedtorelax.Onlyusethisifyouthinkthepersonyouarespeakingtoisgettingupsetoversomethinginsignificant.Ifyourfriendtellsyouthattheircloserelativehasdied,itisNOTthetimetotellthemtopullthemselvestogether.⒊I'mfeelingundertheweather(Meaning:I'msick)

Yes,it'slongerandmoredifficulttosaythan'I'msick',butifyourEnglishteacherasksyouwhyyouhaven'tdoneyourhomework,heorsheismorelikelytoforgiveyouifyousaythatyouwerefeelingundertheweather.YoumaynothavedoneyourEnglishhomework,butyourteachermightbeimpressedthatyouknowhowtomakeeloquentexcusesinaforeignlanguage.⒋It'sapieceofcake(Meaning:it'seasy)

Idon'tknowwhythismeanswhatitdoes,butsometimesyoujusthavetoacceptthatEnglishpeopleuseweirdphrases.⒌Breakaleg(Meaning:goodluck!)

Thisisperhapsoneofthemostconfusingyetwell-knownEnglishidioms.Ifsomeonesaysthistoyou,donottakeoffenceorthinktheyarethreateningyou;theyarejustwishingyouluck.Itismostoftenusedforpeoplewishingsuccesstoactorsandactressesbeforetheyperformonthestage,butitcanbesaidinothersituations,too.

Allinall,learninganewlanguagecanbechallenging.It'sdefinitelynotapieceofcake,especiallywhentherearesomanyconfusingidioms.However,withenoughhardworkandinterest,youwillsucceedinnotime.Breakaleg!（1）Whichidiomisproperforyoutosaytoyourworriedclassmatewhoistotakepartinthe800-metreraceattheschoolsportsmeet?A.Getyouracttogether.B.Pullyourselftogether.C.Breakaleg.D.It'sapieceofcake.（2）Howshouldyourespondwhenyouhearyourdeskmatesay,"Iamfeelingundertheweather."A."What'swrongwithyou?"B."Don'tworry.Let'scall120."C."Getupandfinishyourhomework."D."Whydon'tyoutakeanumbrellawithyou?"（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutidioms?A.Theysometimesmakenosenseatall.B.Nativespeakershavetroubleunderstandingidiomssometimes.C.Idiomsarethehardestpartoflearningalanguage.D.Wecanguessthemeaningofanidiomfromthewordsinit.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，习语是学习语言最困难的部分之一，作者列举了五个常见习语的用法。（1）考查推理判断。根据It'sapieceofcake(Meaning:it'seasy)意思是很容易，可知可以表达你对即将参加800米比赛的同学的担忧，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据I'mfeelingundertheweather(Meaning:I'msick)可知，当你听到你的同桌说“我感觉不舒服”时，你该怎样回答。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Theyarelikepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscangetconfusedwhensomeoneusesaphrasethatthey'veneverheardof.”它们就像谜题一样，当有人使用他们从未听说过的短语时，甚至以英语为母语的人也会感到困惑。可知选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Theendoftheyearisdrawingnear,andwinterisinfullswing.Theseasonbringsalongwithitstrongwindsandsnow—anenvironmentthat'snevercomfortabletobein.

Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature.InShakespeare'sKingLear(1606),thekinghasgivenawayhiskingdomandbeenrejectedbyhistwoungratefuldaughters.Heisoutinthewintercold，sufferingthingsthatareusuallyreservedforthepoorestandmostunfortunatehumanbeings.

ThewinterisbadenoughforLear，butbeingabandonedbyhisfamilyisworse.AsongfromanotherShakespeareplay,AsYouLikeIt(1599),isfittingforthispooroldman'ssituation:"Blow,blow,thouwinterwind/Thouartnotsounkind/Asma'singratitude(忘恩负义)".Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(无人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.

Oncewinterbecamelessofathreattohumanbeings,literaryworksfeaturingitbecamemorepositive.SinceCharlesDickens,therepresentationoftheseasoninliteraturehasoftenfeaturedhappyChristmascelebrations.

Thecoldofthewinterweatherprovidesacontrasttothefungoingonindoors.

Dickens'AChristmasCarol(1843)wasthestartofthis,butChristmasisstillacommon,cheeryelement(元素)instoriesthatfeaturewinterscenestoday.ConsiderthejoyfeltbyHarryPotterandhisfriendsinJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone(1997)astheysitdownfortheirfestivemeal：

"HarryhadneverinallhislifehadsuchaChristmasdinner.Ahundredfat，roastturkeys;mountainsofroastandboiledpotatoes;plattersofchipolatas;tureensofbutteredpeas,silverboatsofthick,richgravyandcranberrysauce".

Itisalmostasmuchapleasuretoreadaboutthemealasitmighthavebeentoeatit.

Althoughwinterstillisn'tthemostcheerfulseasoninnovelsandpoems,it'ssafetosaythatwritershavecertainly"warmedup"sinceShakespeare'sdays.（1）What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Torecommendsomewinterstoriesinliterature.B.Toexplainwhatwinterislikeinliteraryworks.C.Todescribecertaincustomsthatarerelatedtowinter.D.Totelluswhywinterisdescribedasunpleasantinliterature.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromShakespeare'sworks?A.Shakespearedidn'tlikewinterforitsbadweather.B.KingLearwasforcedtogiveupbeingakinginacoldwinter.C.It'sinwinterwhenKingLeardrovehistwodaughtersoff.D.Winteriscomparedwiththeuglysideofhumanity.（3）WhydoestheauthormentionCharlesDickensinthepassage?A.Becausealotofhisworksarerelatedtowinter.B.Becauseheisthemostpopularauthorofwinterstories.C.Becausehestartedanewwayofrepresentingwinter.D.Becausehisworksmakepeoplefeelcheerfulinwinter.（4）TheexampleofHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStoneisusedmainlytoshow

.A.traditionalChristmasfoodmakesthewintercheeryB.ChristmasisstillasymbolofjoyinmodernstoriesC.it'sapleasuretoreadChristmas-relatedbooksinwinterD.winterhasbecomethehappiestseasoninliteraryworks【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐惧的方面经常在文学作品中看到，但随着时间的推移，文学作品中冬天的含义也在发生变化。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature”可知，人们经常可以在文学中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐惧的方面。随后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面。可推知，作者写本文是为了解释文学作品中的冬天是什么样子的。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(无人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亚的戏剧《皆大欢喜》中，冬天被用来展现人性的丑陋。莎士比亚认为，没有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，自狄更斯以来，在文学中这个季节的表现常常是圣诞快乐的庆祝活动。由此可知，作者在文中提到查尔斯·狄更斯是因为他开启了一种描写冬天的新方式。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天气与室内的乐趣形成了对比。再根据第六段第二句话可知，在J.K.Rowling的《哈利•波特与魔法石》中，哈利•波特和他的朋友们在享用圣诞大餐时是快乐的。作者通过这个例子说明在现代故事中圣诞节仍然是快乐的象征。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Anearthquakeisoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisasters.Itmaycausegreatdamage.Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.

Fragileitemslikethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface,nearthegroundinsteadofplacingtheminthecupboardshigherup.Neverplacethemnearyourbed,sofasandotherfurniturewhereyouwouldbesittingorlyingdown.Whenthereisastrongmovement,thesepieceswillfallonthefloordirectlyandnotonyou.

Thereisastrongchanceofshortcircuits(短路)andfireduringanearthquake.Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.

Duringanearthquake,liebeneathanobjectthatisnoteasilydamaged.Donotgonearobjectsthatcoulddirectlyfallonyou.Neverusetheelevatortogodown.Stayinsideuntiltheshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Researchhasshownthatmostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.Usethestaircasesatalltimes.

Ifyouareoutdoors,donottakeshelterunderatree,streetlights,electricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredriving,stopyourcarandstayinasafeplace.Donotparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.

Iftrappedindebris(瓦砾堆),coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforclothing.Taponapipeorthewallsothatrescuers(营救人员)canfindyou.Useawhistle(哨子)ifoneisavailable.Nevershoutforhelp.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindangerousamountsofdust.Donotlightamatchbecauseyoumayburnyourself.Donotmoveaboutorkickupdust.（1）Thepurposeofthepassageistotellreaders

.A.whattodoinearthquakesB.howtopreventearthquakesC.thedamagecausedbyearthquakesD.therescueworkafterearthquakes（2）Theunderlinedword"Fragile"inParagraph2probablymeans"

".A.EasilyfoundB.ExpensiveC.EasilybrokenD.Heavy（3）Duringtheearthquake,peopleareadvisedto

.A.takeshelterunderatreeB.drivetoasafeplacequicklyC.gooutofthebuildingatonceD.turnoffelectricityandgasimmediately【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于如何在地震中保护自己和家人这一问题，给出了一些简单的安全技巧。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.”因此，学习一些简单的安全技巧来保护自己和家人是明智的。可知，这篇文章的目的是告诉读者在地震中该怎么做。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“likethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface,nearthegroundinsteadofplacingtheminthecupboardshigherup.”像那些玻璃做的容易破碎，通常应放在较低的表面，接近地面，而不是把它们放在较高的碗柜。可知，“Fragile”的意思是易碎的。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.”当地震发生时，一定要立即切断电源和煤气。可知，地震期间，建议人们立即关掉电和煤气。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Stressisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhealthproblemsinmodernlife.Toomuchstressresultsinphysical,emotional,andmentalhealthproblems.

Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.Stresscanaffecttheheart.Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.Stresscanaffecttherespiratory(呼吸的)system.Itcanleadtoasthmaandcauseapersontobreathetoofast,resultinginalossofimportantcarbondioxide.Stresscanaffectthestomach.Itcancausestomachachesandproblemsofdigestingfood.Theseareonlyafewexamplesofthewiderangeofillnessesandsymptomsresultingfromstress.

Emotionsarealsoeasilyaffectedbystress.Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.Theymayhavepanicattacksandfeeltiredallthetime.Whenpeopleareunderstress,theyoftenoverreacttolittleproblems.Forexample,anormallygentleparentunderalotofstressatworkmayyellatachildfordroppingaglassofjuice.Stresscanmakepeopleangry,moody,ornervous.

Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.Depression,anextremefeelingofsadnessandhopelessness,canbetheresultofcontinuedandincreasingstress.Alcoholismandotheraddictionsoftendevelopasaresultofoveruseofalcoholordrugstotrytorelieve(释放)stress.Ifstressisallowedtocontinue,thenone'smentalhealthisputatrisk.

Itisobviousthatstressisaseriousproblem.Itattacksthebody.Itaffectstheemotions.Untreated,itmayeventuallyresultinmentalillness.Stresshasagreatinfluenceonthehealth,ourfeelingsandourminds.So,reducestress:stoptheworldandrestforawhile.（1）Whatphysicaleffectsdoesstressresultin?A.Overreactingtolittleproblems.B.Makingbloodpressurelow.C.Sufferingfromdepression.D.Increasingthepulserate.（2）Whichonebelongstotheemotionalproblem?A.Alcoholabuse.B.Drugaddiction.C.MuchAnxiety.D.Heartbeatmissing.（3）Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Stresscausingmentalproblems.B.Stresscausingphysicalproblems.C.Stresscausingemotionalproblems.D.Stresscausingpanicattacks.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在现代社会中，压力是很多健康问题的原因之一。作者分析了压力可能会给大家带来的身体方面的问题、情绪方面以及精神方面的问题。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.”压力对身体有很多影响。可知，这一段主要将压力对身体可能带来的影响；以及“Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.”它能加速脉率，使心脏停止跳动以及能造成高血压，可知，加速脉率是压力可能对身体造成的影响之一。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.”压力大的人常常感到焦虑。可知，焦虑是压力可能对人的情绪带来的影响之一。所以焦虑属于情感问题。故选C。（3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的“Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.”长期压力能带来很多严重的精神疾病，可知，本段主要讨论压力可能带来的精神问题。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(调味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了盐对心脏有影响的原因，以及人们在日常生活中保持低盐的生活方式。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”长期以来，心脏病被认为是成年人的问题，但一项新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。年轻时吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一个有高血压的孩子更有可能成为一个有高血压的成年人，可知，文章作者特别担心孩子食用过咸的食物导致心脏病和高血压。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”减少盐可能有助于阻止儿童长胖。英国的研究人员最近发现吃盐少的孩子喝的含糖饮料也更少，可知，作者认为吃多盐食品和喝过多含糖的软饮料也会使孩子长胖。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一项研究发现越来越多的美国孩子正在患肾结石。这种痛苦的病通常只在40岁以上的人才患，现在五岁的孩子也在遭受这种疾病，可知，研究发现现在肾结石这种病正在变得年轻化。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(调味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐渐改变。先在晚餐中加入平时一半的食盐。食用新鲜食品而非罐装或者瓶装食品。少放些调味品。你可能也要阅读营养标签。可知，本段提供了一些可以减少食盐摄入量的方法。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

ArecentdocumentaryproducedbytheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)hascausedastirinChinaandintheUK.

Thedocumentary,titledAreOurKidsToughEnough?focusesonfiveChineseteacherswhoaresenttoteach50UKteensataschoolinHampshire.

Theteachersinstructthestudentsforamonth.Thepupilsarethentested,andtheresultsarecomparedtotheonesofthosewhohavecontinuedintheregularUKeducationsystem.TheideaistoseeiftheChinesemethodimprovesacademicperformance.

TheChineseteachersusetheirownteachingmethodsbutreceivestrongresistancefromthestudents.Aclipfromthedocumentaryonlineshowssomeproblems,withChineseteacherscallingtheirstudentslazyandlackingindiscipline,whilethestudentssaythehighpressureandharshteachersaredrivingthemcrazy.

ThishasarousedanewdebateinbothChinaandtheUK,withsomearguingtheteenagersneedmoreregulationanddiscipline.OtherssayChinesemethodsencouragerotelearning(死记硬背)insteadofindependentthinking.Forinstance,Chineselanguageteachersshoulddomorethanpassonknowledg