必修三Unit 4 重点知识突破

专题04必修三Unit4基础知识一遍过重点知识突破重点单词冲关重点单词冲关1.disappointedadj.失望的;沮丧的;失意的[教材原句]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.(P41)这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的欲望从未泯灭。[归纳点拨](1)eq\a\vs4\al(bedisappointed)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(that...对……感到失望,at/bysth.对某事感到失望,in/withsb.对某人失望,todosth.对做某事感到失望))(2)disappointvt. 使失望；使沮丧disappointingadj. 令人失望的；令人扫兴的disappointmentn. (不可数)失望；沮丧indisappointment 失望地toone'sdisappointment 使某人失望的是【即时练】[单句语法填空](1)Donotbe______(disappoint)ifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.(2)Ourresultsinthismarkethavebeenrather______(disappoint)comparedwithlastyear.(3)Onlyafewpeoplewereinsupportofhisplan,whichmadehimvery______(disappoint).④Wenoticeda______(disappoint)lookonhisfacebecausehedidn'tpassthedrivingtest.⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Asthetwinslookedaroundthemin______(disappoint),theirfatherappeared.⑥Thoughtheresultiskindof______,andIfeel______，Istillbelieveyoucandoitmuchbetter.(disappoint)⑦Marywasverydisappointed______(see)thewashingmachineshehadhadrepairedwentwrongagain.完成句子让我们非常失望的是，这次旅行中的每一天都下雨。⑧_________________,itrainedeverydayofthetrip.2.desiren.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望[教材原句]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.(P41)这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的欲望从未泯灭。【词块必记】归纳点拨(1)haveastrongdesireeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.迫切想要做某事,forsth.渴望得到某物))(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……做某事名师点津desire作及物动词，不用于进行时态。desire意为“希望”后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。此外，desire作名词其后接主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时也要使用虚拟语气。【即时练】[单句语法填空]①Thereisastrongdesire________peaceamongthepeople.②Severalpeoplehaveexpressedadesire________(see)thereport.③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Ifyoudesire________(challenge)yourself,thereisnothingtodowithothers'thoughts.④Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercises________(hand)inbeforeschoolwasover.

⑤Everyonehasadesire________successwhilesuccessonlybelongstothehard-workingpeople.⑥Wedesirethatimmediatehelp________(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.【单句表达】就我而言，我渴望得到这个出国深造的机会。⑦AsfarasIamconcerned，I_______________suchachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.(desiren．)⑧AsfarasIamconcerned，I__________suchachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.(desirev．)⑨AsfarasIamconcerned，I_________suchachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.(desirethat)3.signalvt.&vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志[教材原句]ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.(P41)这标志着中国建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。【考点必记】(1)signal(to)sbtodosth示意某人做某事signal(sb)that示意……signalsthtosb向某人示意……trafficsignals交通信号灯【即时练】单句语法填空①Chestpainscanbeawarningsignal________heartproblems.②Shesignalled________Tedthatshewasmovingforward.③Thebellrang,whichsignalledthatschoolwasover.④Shesignalled(signal)thatshewasabouttoturnleft.⑤ThepolicemanspottedthatIdidn'tfastenmyseatbeltandsignalledmetostop(stop)．(2)完成句子⑥Atthecornerofthestreet,anoldmanissignalling(to)thepupilstogofirst.在大街拐角处，一位老人在示意小学生们先走。4.lackvi.&vt.缺乏;没有n.缺乏;短缺的东西[教材原句]Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.(P42)宇航员的骨骼和肌肉会由于缺乏重力而在太空中变得非常脆弱,所以他们每天都需要锻炼,这有助于他们保持健康。【考点必记】(1)(a)lackof...缺少……forlackof...由于缺乏……(2)lack(for)sth缺乏/需要某事物(3)lackingadj.缺乏的;缺少的belackinginsth缺少某物[名师点津]lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时),也可作不及物动词,后常与介词for连用;形容词lacking常与in连用。【即时练】①(2020·天津7月高考)Lack________talentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.②Though________(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.③InAfrica,millionsofpeoplehavetodrinkunsafewater________lackofcleandrinkingwater.④Although________(lack)thesupportofthebanks,Mikemanagedtosavehiscompanywiththehelpofhisfriends.⑤Therealtroubleliesintheirlack________confidenceintheirabilities.(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)⑥It'snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy;it'smorethatashortageofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.________[完成句子]⑦她唯一的问题是缺乏自信。Heronlyproblemis____________________．5.beyondprep.更远处;超出[教材原句]Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.(P42)将人类送往其他行星甚至太阳系之外并不是一个容易实现的目标。【词块必记】beyondcontrol失控beyonddoubt不用怀疑beyondone’sexpression难以表达beyondone’scomprehension难以理解beyondone’sreach够不到beyondone’spower力所不能及【即时练】[单句语法填空]①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thecouplehasahighsuccessrateingettingacceptedashousesittersandtheyalwaysgo________thehomeowner'sexpectations.②Physicsiscompletely________me.[单句表达]③瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得让人难以置信。Swedenislovelyinsummer—cold____________inwinter.④我差一点儿才够得着把手。Thehandlewasjust____________________．6.arguevt.&vi.论证;争辩;争论[教材原句]Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.(P44)有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。【词块必记】(1)arguewithsb.(about/oversth.)(就某事)与某人争论arguefor/againststh.据理赞成/反对某事arguethat...主张……；认为……arguesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做某事arguesb.outofdoingsth.说服某人不做某事(2)argumentn.争论；争吵；论点beyondargument无可争辩[名师点津]argue意为“坚持主张”时，后面接that从句，从句的谓语应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。【即时练】(1)单句语法填空①Theywerearguing________whichTVprogrammetowatchwhenthepowerwentoff.②Facedwithsuchan________(argue),differentindividualsmaycometodifferentopinions.③Shehasarguedthatwildanimals________(leave)inthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.(2)完成句子④They________________thewayofdealingwiththeproblem.他们之间就解决这个问题的办法展开讨论。⑤Iargue________________________tohelpthoseinneed.我主张，我们人人都应该尽全力帮助那些需要帮助的人。7.attachvt.系;绑;贴[教材原句]Whilelanding,theymustattachthemselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround.(P46)在着陆期间,为了阻止四处飘浮,他们必须把自己拴在某个东西上。【词块必记】(1)attachsthto...把某物连接到/附在……上attachoneselfto依附……;缠着……attachimportance/significanceto...重视;认为……重要/有意义(2)attachedadj.喜爱的;依恋的;附属的beattachedto被连接到……;爱慕;附属于【即时练】[单句语法填空]①(2022·全国甲卷)Heisattached________theoldferries.②Natashaattached________(she)tothefilmcrewfilmingatherorphanage.[单句表达]③我们在把东西归档前先给它们贴上标签。We____________________beforewefilethemaway.④我认为这项研究十分重要。I________________________thisresearch.短语冲关短语冲关1.carryon继续做,坚持干[教材原句]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.(P41)这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。[归纳点拨]carryon(with)sth. 继续某事carryondoingsth. 继续做某事；坚持做某事carryout 执行；实施carryback 使回想起；使回忆起；运回；带回carrysb.throughsth. 帮助某人渡过难关【即时练】(1)Herbraveryhasgivenhimthewilltocarryon________hislifeandhiswork.(2)Itriedtocarry________aconversationinEnglish,butitfarexceededmyability.[用适当的介词填空](3)Nomatterwhatwedo,wemustcarry________ourduties.(4)Theboardofthedirectorsdecidedtocarry________thediscussionnextday.(5)Theaudiencewascarried________byhiswonderfulperformance.2.resultin导致；造成[教材原句]IthasdirectlyresultedinthemanysatellitesthatnoworbitEarth.(P44)它直接导致了现在地球轨道上的许多卫星。【词块必记】(1)resultfrom由……造成;因……而产生(2)asaresult结果;因此asaresultof...作为……的结果withoutresult没有结果;白费易混辨析asaresult“因此；结果”，是副词短语，常作状语，使用时其前常有一个表示原因的句子asaresultof“由于；因为”，是介词短语，只能连接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句【即时练】单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresult________ausefulresponse.②Profitshavedeclinedasaresult________therecentdropinsales.③Hisdifficultyinwalkingresults________achildhoodillness.④Hebrokedowncompletely________aresultoftoomuchwork.⑤Facedwiththisphenomenon，wemusttakesomemeasurestodealwithit;otherwise,itwillresult________greatlossesinthefuture.⑥Theterribleaccidentresulted________hiscarelessdriving.(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)⑦Thereisnodoubtthatstayingupismorelikelytoleadtoanxiety.________(3)完成句子⑧(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)因此，这些作家从来没有习惯在草稿上划掉一大块，并在空白处写下修改稿。____________，thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大块)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.3.runout用完；耗尽[教材原句]Itisnecessarytofindanewhomeforpeopleinspace,astheresourcesonEarthwillrunout.有必要为人们在太空中找到一个新家，因为地球上的资源将会耗尽。[归纳点拨][易混辨析]runout“……用完”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词runoutof“用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人giveout“用尽；精疲力竭”，为不及物动词短语useup“用完；消耗尽”，为及物动词短语【即时练】用“动词＋out”类短语和上面短语填空①Itwasadifficulttime,buteventuallythings____________allright.②Hegotto____________allthenewsoftware.③Aninvestigationisunderwayto____________howthedisasterhappened.④Hisstrength____________afterheranthatlongdistance.⑤Mymoneyhasbeen____________,soIhavetoreturnhome.⑥Afterthreehoursclimbingthemountain,herpatience____________anddidn'twanttowalkanyfurther.句式冲关句式冲关1．序数词后跟不定式短语作定语[教材原句]Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.(P41)在2003年,杨利伟成功地在神舟五号上绕地球环行,这使中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。[归纳点拨]英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况:(1)被修饰词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。(2)被修饰词前有theonly,thevery,thenext等词时。(3)抽象名词time,way,ability,reason,chance,courage,opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。(4)不定代词something,nothing,little等后常用不定式作定语。[名师点津](1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,动词后面就要有必要的介词。(2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出,则不定式应使用被动语态。[佳句背诵]Weshouldimprovepeople’senvironmentalawarenesssoastoprotectthebalanceofnature.我们应该提高人们的环保意识,以便保护生态平衡。【即时练】单句语法填空①Ihatebeingthelastone________(arrive)atameeting.②In2017,theBankofChinaopenedabranchinSerbia,becomingthefirstChinesebank________(operate)inthecountry.单句表达③我是家里第一个去上大学的人。Iwasthefirstinmyfamily___________________________________________.2.soasto(dosth)为了;以便[教材原句]Despitethehugerisksthough,peoplewillalwayscontinuetoexplorethisfinalfrontiersoastolearnitssecrets.(P41)尽管存在巨大的风险,但人们总会继续探索这个最终的前沿,以了解它的秘密。[归纳点拨](1)soasto(dosth)意为“以便(做……);为了(做……)”,引导的短语在句中作目的状语。(2)soasto=inorderto,但soasto一般不用在句首。(3)inorderto和soasto引导的目的状语可转换为inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句,从句中常含有情态动词。【即时练】单句语法填空①Cutdownthearticlesoas________(make)itfitthespaceavailableonthepaper.

②Membersworkhardsoas________(support)eachotherandnotlettheteamdown.③Weshouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetoworkonthisprojectso________itmaybecompletedonschedule.(2)一句多译为了跟上他的同学，他刻苦学习。④________keepupwithhisclassmates,heworkshard.⑤Heworkshard________________keepupwithhisclassmates.⑥Heworkshard________hecankeepupwithhisclassmates.2.whether...or...是……还是……[教材原句]Countriesaroundtheglobearespendingbillionsofdollarsandlotsoftimeonvariousspacemissions,whethertoMarsorotherplanetsmuchfurtheraway.(P44)全球各国在无论是火星还是更远的其他行星的太空任务上花费了数十亿美元和大量时间。考点必记(1)whether...or...意为“是……还是……”,whether表示一种选择,其后可以跟介词短语或不定式短语。(2)whether...or...意为“是……还是……”,引导名词性从句。(3)whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”,引导让步状语从句。【即时练】[完成句子](1)我不知道是接受好,还是拒绝好。Idon’tknow__________theoffer__________refuseit.(2)我不知道我们是否可以赶上最后一班公共汽车,或是只好步行回家。Iwonder___