专八日常翻译练习

WhathadhebeenafraidofzIaskedmyself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscover

thatheboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?But

havingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobe

launchedintohisowninnerspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwilletohim

withanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.

”他一直在害怕什么呢？"，我问自己。怕突然一个人呆着会发现自已厌烦自己，或者怕会

失去自我？但是有了这次偿试，他便要开始探险了。他就要发射到自已内心的宇宙之中。他

的所见所感对他来说将会是全新的，一度会新颖的让人惊奇。

TheRewardsofLivingaSolitaryLife

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregariousandcharmingman,toldmehehad

foundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetween

appointments.HewenttotheWhitney

andspentthe"empty"timelookingatthingsinsolitarybliss.Forhimitprovedtobea

shocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuch

alone.

独自生活的报偿

前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之

间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了

那些时光。发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。

专八模拟试题(翻译篇10)

来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚

至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。

我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，

也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余

5位均是亚裔学生。

他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：”本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，

工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共

有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。

1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。

参考译文：

LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhoe

topursuefurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmost

diligentlyandassiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,or

eventwodays,toworkovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,paredwiththeir

Americancounterparts,theyaremoreacademicallyfruitful.

Mysupervisor(advisor/tutor)isofAsianoriginwhoisaddictedtoalcoholsand

cigarettes,withasharp(anirritable)temper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciates

theindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasa

particularlykeeninsightintothepsychologyofAsianstudents.Hence,ofallthe

studentsrecruitedbyhislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,therestfivewereall

fromAsia.

Heevenputastrikingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearch

assistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10AMto12

PM.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours."Thissupervisorisreputedonthe

entirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Inthecourseofthe3andhalfyears

thatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly

5ofthemstayedonuntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.b.degrees.

Inthesummerof1990,ignoringtheremonstrations(admonishments/dissuasions)

fromothers,Iacceptedmysupervisor'ssponsorshipandembarkedonthedifficult

journeyofacademicpursuit(undertakingfurtherstudiesintheUnitedStates).

英语写作精讲精练：一个公式三个原则

一个公式

我们都知道英语与汉语在表达顺序上存在很大的差异，因此，这里我们先引出一个英语表达

顺序的公式来。请记住：英语的表达语序基本上遵循以下这个顺序：

6-1-2-3-4-5-6

6(when)—l(who)—2(what)—3(whom)—4(how)—5(where)—6(when)

说明：6的位置很灵活，可以放前，也可以放后。

示例：

Iateanapple.

Iateanapplewithafork.

Iateanapplewithaforkinthekitchen.

Iateanapplewithaforkinthekitchenthismorning.

以上四个句子从1-2-3模式一直到1-2-3-4-5-6模式，请大家逐个翻译一下，仔细对比英

语顺序与汉语顺序的差异。

结论：英语和汉语在表达的最核心内容上是一致的：即一个句子的1-2-3是相同的；但是，

在有了4-5-6后，汉语表达方式与英语这个自然表达顺序产生了巨大的词序差异：

汉语次信息先出现；英语主信息先出现

再如：

我喜欢那个女孩子

我喜欢那个穿红衣服的女孩子

我喜欢那个穿红衣服的不喜欢我的女孩子

这三个句子的核心内容都是：［likethat/让(与："我喜欢那个女孩子"词序一致，但是，

在添加了其它部分后，表达顺序全变样了！)再如：

我打死一只苍蝇

我用手打死一只苍蝇

我用手打了三次打死一只苍蝇

我用手打了三次并在我助理的帮助下打死了一只苍蝇

这四个句子的核心内容都是：［killedafly.(与“我打死一只苍蝇"词序一致，但是，在添加

了其它部分后，表达顺序全变样了！)

逗号原则

在一个句子的前面如果有内容，那么，请记住：

1.不到3个单词时，可以用逗号与后面句子分隔开来，也可以不用逗号分隔，具体情况根据

说话人自己确定的停顿语气长短来确定。

示例1：Atlasthestoppedplayingthepiano.

示例2：Sadlyhepickedupthebrokenglassandwentintotheroom.

2.达到或超过3个单词时，必须用逗号与后面句子分隔开来。

示例1：Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.

示例2：Tomysurprise,heboughtmeaticket!

1个句子1个mainverb（即：2）原则

理论上讲：一个句子只应该有一个为主的动词（即2）。

但是，实际运用的过程中，我们会发现一个句子中有多个动词，此时就需要：

标记清楚这些动词彼此间的逻辑关系！！！

这里的逻辑关系有两种情况：

1.并列（即：将这些动词视为地位相同；一般方式为使用and连接）

2.从属（即：牺牲某个或某些动词，将其处理成符合从属关系的方式，从而确保为主的动词；

一般方式为使用动词三大非谓语形式：动词的ing形式、动词的过去分词形式、动词的不定

式形式）

1.并列关系示例

示例1:Isatdownbesidehersaidnothing.

分析：sect"与said之间没有标记逻辑关系，错误！可以添加and,形成并列关系，即：

Isatdownbesideherandsaidnothing.

示例2：Ienteredtheroomsawmothersittherewaitformeeback.

分析：这里有5个动词，都没有标记逻辑关系，错误！通过分析，我们看到：entered和

saw可以并列，因为它们拥有共同的1（1）;sit和wait可以并列，因为它们拥有共同的

l（mother）,但这两组动词之间就不能再并列了，因为无法这么做。这就意味着：这句话里

的动词有的可以并列，而有的不可以。

示伊］3:Iopenedthebagtookoutsomepaperandapen,satdownstartedtakenotes.

分析：opened,tookout,satdown,started这四个动词拥有共同的1Q）,而且都是1

直接行使或发出的动作，所以，可以采取并列关系但take因为有个过渡层，因此并列处理

不合适。

2.从属关系示例

示例1:Isatdownbesidehersaidnothing.

分析：动词关系混乱，假如想确保said,则需要牺牲后面，如：

Isatdownbesideher,sayingnothing.

假如确保后面，则牺牲前面：

Sittingdownbesideher,Isaidnothing.

示例2：Toquitsmoking,Ieatcandies.

一个句子一个句号原则

理论上讲，一个句子一个句号，但是，实际中会有几个甚至多个句子摆放在一起共享一个句

号。此时应该怎么办呢？

答案很简单：标记清楚这些句子间的逻辑关系。有两种：

1.并列关系示例

示例1:Isatdownbesideher.Isaidnothing.

变为：IsatdownbesideherandIsaidnothing.

示例2：Heaskedmeaquestion.Iansweredhim.

变为：HeaskedmeaquestionandIansweredhim.

2.从属关系

1）运用各类从句，形成主从符合句，包括：

状语从句

宾语从句

定语从句

主语从句

同位语从句

2）运用非谓语动词类进行从属方式的处理，包括：

动词的ing形式

动词的过去分词形式

动词不定式形式

从属关系示例（以状语从句为例）

示例1：Whenheaskedmeaquestion,Iansweredhim.

示伊I2：IwassoangrythatIbeathimup!

示例3:Ifyouaskme'why',Iwillanswer'because!

示例4：Sinceyouarenotfeelingwell,justliedownandtakeagoodrest.

示例5:AlthoughIhavetriedmybest,Icantwinherheart.

示例6：WhereverIam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.

示例7:IwentoutveryearlyinthemorningsothatIcouldavoidtherushhour

traffic.

非谓语动词方式处理示例

示例1:Isatbesideher.Ifeltverynervous.

可变为：Sittingbesideher,Ifeltverynervous.

或者：Isatbesideher,feelingverynervous.

示例］2：Iwanttoquitsmoking.Ieatcandies.

可变为：Toquitsmoking,Ieatcandies.

示例3:Ayoungmanwastiredofsleepingonthefloor.Hesavedupforyearstobuya

realbed.

可以变为：Tiredofsleepingonthefloor,ayoungmansavedupforyearstobuyareal

bed.

示例4：JimmywasdressedupasFatherChristmas.Hewasacpaniedbyaguardof

honorofsixprettygirls.Hesetoffdownthemainstreetofthecity.Herodeababy

elephant.TheelephantwascalledJumbo.

可以变为：DressedupasFatherChristmasandacpaniedbyaguardofhonorofsix

prettygirls,Jimmysetoffdownthemainstreetofthecity,ridingababyelephant

calledJumbo.

定语从句方式处理

定语从句当然是属于“从属”的行列，所以，是处理为从属方式的手段之一。请看下面的例子：

Thisistheonlybook.

Ireadthebookduringtheholiday.

两句的重合点在thebook上面；将第二句中的thebook抽出来，放到第一句book后面，

其它内容向后甩。这样，我们就会看到theonlybook后面马上又在重复thebook。为了

避免重复，我们去掉thebook,而换用另外一个词去替换，这个词就是指物的which或that。

因为这里的book有。nly在修饰，所以，最终我们选用that;又因为that在定语从句中作

宾语，所以，可以省略。

下面两句的合并遵循同样的原则：

Sheisthegirl.

Thegirl'sfatherismyboss.

Sheisthegirlwhosefatherlismyboss.

几个句型：

…，but…句型（表转折关系）

…，for…句型（表原因关系）

…，so...句型（表结果关系）

however,…句型（表更强烈的转折关系）

...（,/；/.）therefore,...句型（更强烈的结果关系）

meanwhile,…句型（表时间关系）

consequently,…句型（表结果关系）

admittedly,…句型（表让步关系）

这些基本知识构成了：

1）简单句扩展到复杂句辜

2）复杂句拆分为简单句呆

由“分到合“，由”合到分“的"基石”。

A.

accept-v.toagreetoreceive接受

accident-n.somethingthathappensbychanceormistake;anunplannedevent事故

accuse-v.tosayapersonisresponsibleforanactorcrime;tomakeastatement

againstsomeone才旨责

activist-n.onewhoseekschangethroughaction激进分子

administration-n.theexecutivepartofagovernment,usuallyheadedbya

presidentorprimeminister政府

admit-v.toaccept（"admittedtotheUnitedNations"）;toexpressone'sguiltor

responsibility（"Headmittedthatwhathedidwaswrong."）承认

adult-n.agrownperson成人

advise-v.tohelpwithinfromation,knowledgeorideasinmakingadecision建议

affect-v.toproduceaneffecton;toinfluence（"Alackofsleepaffectedthe

singer's

perfromance."）影响

agency-n.anorganizationthatispartofalargergroup（"anagencyoftheUnited

Nations"）机构

aggression-n.anattackagainstapersonorcountry;theviolationofacountry's

borders侵略

agriculture-n.farming农业

airforce-n.amilitaryorganizationusingairplanes空军

album-n.acollectionofrecordedmusic歌集

alcohol-n.astrong,colorlessliquid,usuallymadefromgrain,usedasadrugorin

industrialproducts酒精

ally-n.anationorpersonjoinedwithanotherforaspecialpurpose联合体

ambassador-n.anation'shighestdiplomaticrepresentative（toanother

government）大使

amend-v.toaddtoortochange（aproposalorlaw）小爹正

ammunition-n.thebulletsorshellsfiredfromguns弹药

anarchy-n.alackoforder;lawlessness无政府状态

ancestor-n.afamilymemberfromthepast祖先

ancient-ad.veryold;longago远古的

anniversary-n.ayearlycelebrationorobservanceofaneventthathappenedinthe

past周年

announce-v.tomakeknownpublicly;todeclareofficially宣布

apologize-v.toexpressregretforamistakeoraccidentforwhichoneaccepts

responsibility致歉

appeal-v.totaketoahighercourt,personorgroupforadecision;tocallon

somebodyforhelp上诉；呼吁

appear-v.toshowoneself;toeintosight;toseem出现

appoint-v.toname;tochoose("appointajudge")任命

approve-v.toagreewith;toagreetosupport赞成

archeology-n.thescientificstudyofpasthumanlifeandactivities考古学

argue-v.toofferreasonsfororagainstsomething;todispute;todisagree争论

arms-n.militaryequipment;weapons兵器

arrest-v.toseizeapersonforlegalaction;totakeasaprisoner逮4前

artillery-n.bigguns炮

assist-v.tohelp帮助

astronaut-n.apersonwhotravelsinspace宇航员

astronomy-n.thescientificstudyofstarsandtheuniverse天文学

asylum-n.politicalprotectiongivenbyagovernmenttoapersonfromanother

country政治庇护

atmosphere-n.thegasessurroundinganystarorpla大气层

attach-v.totietogether;toconnect系上；连接

attack-n.aviolentattempttodamage,injureorkill;v.tostartafight袭击

attempt-v.toworktowardsomething;totry;tomakeaneffort尝试

attend-v.tobepresentat出席

automobile-n.avehiclewithwheelsusedtocarrypeople;acar汽车

average-n.something(anumber)representingthemiddle;ad.mon;normal平均，平

常

avoid-v.tostayawayfrom避免

award-n.anhonororprizeforanactorservice奖励

B

balance-v.tomaketwosidesorforcesequal平衡

balloon-n.adeviceofstrong,lightmaterialthatriseswhenfilledwithgaslighter

thanair气球

ballot-n.apieceofpaperusedforvoting选票

ban-v.tonotpermit;tostop;n.anofficialrestriction禁止

bar-v.topreventorblock禁止，阻碍

barrier-n.anythingthatblocksormakesanactiondifficult障碍

base-n.amilitarycenter军营；v.toestablishasafact基于(“Herresearchwas

basedon

experiments.")

battle-n.afightbetweenopposingarmedforces战斗

beat-v.tohitagainandagain击打

betray-v.toturnagainst;tobefalseto背叛

bill-n.alegislativeproposal议案

biology-n.thescientificstudyoflifeorlivingthingsinalltheirfroms生物学

blame-v.toaccuse;toholdresponsible责备

block-v.tostopsomethingfrombeingdone;topreventmovement堵塞，阻石导

bomb-n.adevicethatexplodeswithgreatforce炸弹；v.toattackordestroywith

bombs炸弹袭击

border-n.adividinglinebetweennations边界

boycott-v.torefusetotakepartinordealwith联合抵制

brief-ad.short;notlong简短的

broadcast-v.tosendinfromation,storiesormusicbyradioortelevision;n.a

radio

ortelevisionprogram广播

brown-ad.havingthecolorlikethatofcoffee褐色的

budget-n.aspendingplan预算

bullet-n.asmallpieceofmetalshotfromagun子弹

burst-v.tobreakopensuddenly爆裂

business-n.one'swork;buyingandsellingtoearnmoney;trade工作，商业

C

cabi-n.agroupofministersthathelpsleadagovernment内阁

camp-n.aplacewithtemporaryhousing露营

campaign-n.apetitionbyopposingpoliticalcandidatesseekingsupportfrom

voters;aconnectedseriesofmilitaryactionsduringawar活动

cancel-v.toend;tostop取消

cancer-n.adiseaseinwhichdangerouscellsgrowquicklyanddestroypartsofthe

body癌症

candidate-n.apersonwhoseeksorisnominatedforanofficeoranhonor候选人

capitalism-n.aneconomicsysteminwhichtheproductionofmostgoodsand

servicesisownedandoperatedforprofitbyprivatecitizensorpanies资本主义

capture-v.tomakeapersonoranimalaprisoner;toseizeortakebyforce;toget

controlof捕获

case(court)-n.alegalaction案例

case(medical)-n.anincidentofdisease("Therewasonlyonecaseofchickenpox

attheschool.")病例

cause-v.tomakehappen;n.thethingorpersonthatproducesaresult导致

ceasefire-n.ahaltinfighting,usuallybyagreement停火协议

celebrate-v.tohonorapersonoreventwithspecialactivities庆祝

ceremony-n.anactorseriesofactsdoneinaspecialwayestablishedbytradition

仪式

chairman-n.apersonleadingameetingoranorganizedgroup主席

champion-n.thebest;thewinner冠军

charge-v.toaccusesomeoneofsomething,usuallyacrime，空诉；n.astatementin

whichsomeoneisaccusedofsomething指控

chase-v.torunorgoaftersomeoneorsomething追逐

cheer-v.toshoutapprovalorpraise欢呼

chemicals-n.elementsfoundinnatureormadebypeople;substancesusedinthe

scienceofchemistryd匕学物质

chemistry-n.thescientificstudyofsubstances,whattheyaremadeofzhowthey

actunderdifferentconditions,andhowtheyfromothersubstances

1.chief-n.theheadorleaderofagroup首领；ad.leading;mostimportant主要的

civilian-ad.notmilitary平民

civilrights-n.thepolitical,economicandsocialrightsgivenequallytoallpeopleof

anation公民权力

claim-v.tosaysomethingasafact声明

clash-n.abattle冲突;v.tofightoroppose发生冲突

clergy-n.abodyofofficialswithinareligiousorganization神职人员

climate-n.thenormalweatherconditionsofaplace气候

coal-n.asolidblacksubstanceusedasfuel煤

coalition-n.forces,groupsornationsjoinedtogether联盟

coast-n.landontheedgeoftheocean海岸

colony-n.landcontrolledbyanothercountryorgovernment殖民地

bine-v.tomixorbringtogether联合，结合

mand-v.toorder;tohavepoweroversomething命令

ment-v.tosaysomethingabout;toexpressanopinionaboutsomething评论

mittee-n.agroupofpeoplegivenspecialwork委员会

municate-v.totell;togiveorexchangeinfromation交流，通彳言

munity-n.agroupofpeoplelivingtogetherinoneplaceorarea社区

pare-v.toexaminewhatisdifferentorsimilar对比

pete-v.totrytodoaswellas,orbetterthan,anotherorothers竞争

plex-ad.oforhavingmanypartsthataredifficulttounderstand;notsimple复杂的

promise-n.thesettlementofanargumentwhereeachsideagreestoaccept

lessthanfirstdemanded折衷

concern-n.interest,worry("expressconcernabout");v.tofear("tobe

concerned11)关注，关心

condemn-v.tosayapersonoractioniswrongorbad遣责

condition-n.somethingdeclarednecessarytopleteanagreement条件；aperson's

health身体状况

conference-n.ameeting会议

confirm-v.toapprove;tosaythatsomethingistrue确定

conflict-n.afight;abattle,especiallyalongone冲突

congratulate-v.topraiseapersonortoexpresspleasureforsuccessorgoodluck祝

贺.

Congress-n.theorganizationofpeopleelectedtomakethelawsoftheUnited

States(theHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate);asimilarorganizationin

othercountries议会

conservative-n.onewhousuallysupportstraditionandopposesgreatchange保守派

constitution-n.thewrittengenerallawsandideasthatfromanation'ssystem

of

government宪法

contain-v.tohold;toinclude包容

container-n.abox,bottleorcanusedtoholdsomething容器

continent-n.anyofthesevengreatlandareasoftheworld大陆

control-v.todirect;tohavepowerover，空制

convention-n.alargemeetingforaspecialpurpose大会

cooperate-v.toactorworktogether合作

court-n.wheretrialstakeplace;wherejudgesmakedecisionsaboutlaw法院

crash-v.tofallviolently;tohitwithgreatforce碰撞，坠毁

create-v.tomake;togivelifeorfromto仓J造

creature-n.anylivingbeing;anyanimalorhuman生物

credit-n.anagreementthatpaymentswillbemadeatalatertime信用

crew-n.agroupofpeopleworkingtogether全体人员

crime-n.anactthatviolatesalaw罪彳亍

criminal-n.apersonwhoisresponsibleforacrime罪才巳

crisis-n.anextremelyimportanttimewhensomethingmaybeemuchbetteror

worse;adangeroussituation危机

criticize-v.tosaywhatiswrongwithsomethingorsomeone;tocondemn;to

judge批评

crowd-n.alargenumberofpeoplegatheredinoneplace人群

crush-v.todamageordestroybygreatweight;todefeatpletely压碎

curfew-n.anordertopeopletostayoffthestreetsortoclosetheirbusinesses戒

严

current-n.movementofair,waterorelectricity水流，电流；ad.belongingtothe

presenttime目前的(“Shefoundthereportinacurrentpublication.")

custom-n.along-establishedbelieforactivityofapeople习，惯，风俗

customs-n.taxesonimports入关税

D

dam-n.awallbuiltacrossarivertoholdbackflowingwater大坝

damage-v.tocauseinjuryordestruction摧毁；n.harm;hurtorinjury,usuallyto

things毁坏

deaf-ad.notabletohear聋的

debate-v.toarguefororagainstsomething;n.apublicdiscussionorargument争

论

debt-n.somethingthatisowed;theconditionofowing债务

declare-v.tosay;tomakeastatement声明

decrease-v.tomakelessinsizeoramount降低

defeat-v.tocausetoloseinabattleorstruggle;n.aloss;theconditionofhaving

lost打败

defend-v.toguardorfightagainstattack;toprotect防卫

deficit-n.ashortagethatresultswhenspendingisgreaterthanearnings,or

importsaregreaterthanexports赤字

define-v.togivethemeaningof;toexplain定义

delay-v.todecidetodosomethingatalatertime；topostpone;tocausetobelate

延迟

delegate-n.onesenttoactforanother;onewhorepresentsanother代表

demand-v.toaskbyordering;toaskwithforce要求

democracy-n.thesystemofgovernmentinwhichcitizensvotetochooseleadersor

tomakeotherimportantdecisions民主

demonstrate-v.tomakeapublicshowofopinionsorfeelings("Thecrowd

demonstratedinsupportofhumanrights.")示威；toexplainbyusingexamples("The

teacherdemonstratedtheideawithanexperiment.")示范

denounce-v.toaccuseofbeingwrongorevil;tocriticizeseverely谴责

deny-v.todeclarethatsomethingisnottrue;torefusearequest否认

depend-v.toneedhelpandsupport依靠

deplore-v.toregretstrongly;toexpresssadness表示悲痛

deploy-v.tomoveforcesorweaponsintopositionsforaction部署(军队)

depression-n.severeunhappiness;aperiodofreducedbusinessandeconomic

activityduringwhichmanypeoplelosetheirjobs衰退

describe-v.togiveawordpictureofsomething;togivedetailsofsomething4苗述

design-v.toplanorcreateplansfor设计

desire-v.towantverymuch;towishfor愿望

destroy-v.tobreakintopieces;toendtheexistenceof摧毁

develop-v.togrow;tocreate;toexperienceprogress发展

device-n.apieceofequipmentmadeforaspecialpurpose设备

dictator-n.arulerwithpletepower独裁者

diet-n.usualdailyfoodanddrink日常饮食

diplomat-n.apersonwhorepresentshisorhergovernmentindealingwithanother

government夕卜交官

direct-v.tolead;toaimorshowtheway指弓I("Hedirectedmetothetheater.11);

ad.

straighttosomething;notthroughsomeotherpersonorthing直接的("Thepathis

direct.")

direction-n.theway(east,west,north,south);wheresomeoneorsomethingcame

fromorwentto方向

dirt-n.earthorsoil泥土

disappear-v.tobeeunseen;tonolongerexist5肖失

disarm-v.totakeawayweapons;tonolongerkeepweapons;tomakeabomb

harmlessbyremovingitsexplodingdevice解除武装

discuss-v.totalkabout;toexchangeideas讨论

disease-n.asicknessinlivingthings,oftencausedbyviruses,germsorbacteria疾

病

dismiss-v.tosendaway;torefusetoconsider角箪散

dispute-v.toopposestronglybyargument;n.anangrydebate争论

dissident-n.apersonwhostronglydisagreeswithhisorhergovernment不同政见

者

document-n.anofficialpieceofpaperwithfactswrittenonitzusedasproofor

supportofsomething文件

drown-v.todieunderwater溺水

drug-n.anythingusedasamedicineorinmakingmedicine;achemicalsubstance

usedtoeasepainortoaffectthemind药品

dust-n.piecesofmattersosmallthattheycanfloatintheair灰尘

E

earn-v.tobepaidinreturnforworkdone获得

earthquake-n.asudden,violentshakingoftheearth'ssurface地震

ease-v.toreduce;tomakelessdifficult减轻

ecology-n.thescientificstudyoftheenvironmentandlinksamonglivingandmaterial

things环境

2.economy-n.thesystembywhichmoney,industryandtradeareorganized经

济

edge-n.thelinewheresomethingendsorbegins边缘

effect-n.theresultorchangecausedbysomething("Thestormhadaserious

effectontheeconomy.")效果

effort-n.anattempt;theworknecessarytodosomething努力

elect-v.tochoosebyvoting选举

electricity-n.afromofenergythatflowsthroughwirestoprovideheatand

light,

andpowertomachines电力

embassy-n.theofficesofanambassadorandhisorherassistants大使馆

emergency-n.anunexpectedanddangeroussituationdemandingquickaction紧急情

况

emotion-n.astrongfeelingsuchaslove,hate,fearorsadness感情

employ-v.togiveworkinreturnforwages雇佣

energy-n.powerusedtodowork,usuallywithmachines;theabilityand

willingnesstobeactive各自量

enforce-v.tomakesomethingbedone强制执彳亍

engine-n.amachinethatusesenergytocausemovementortodowork弓I擎

engineer-n.apersonwhodesignsengines,machines,roads,bridgesorrailroads

工程师

environment-n.allsurroundingthings,conditionsandinfluencesthataffectlife;

thenaturalworldofland,sea,air,plantsandanimals环境

equal-ad.thesameinamount,size,weightorvalue;havingthesamerights对等的

equipment-n.things,toolsormachinesneededforapurposeoractivity设备

escape-v.togetfree;togetawayfrom；togetoutof逃离

especially-ad.morethanothers("Welikedthefood,especiallythefish.")特另U是

establish-v.tobringintoexistence;tocreate建立

estimate-v.tofromanopinionaboutavalue,sizeoramountusinglessthan

pleteinfromation估计

ethnic-ad.oforconcerningpeoplebelongingtoalargegroupbecauseoftheirrace,

religion,language,tribeorwheretheirancestorslived种族的

evaporate-v.tochangefromaliquidintoagas蒸发

evidence-n.materialorfactsthatprovesomething;areasonforbelieving证据

evil-ad.notgood;extremelybad牙口恶的

examine-v.tostudyclosely审视，察看

exchange-v.totrade交易；togiveorreceiveonethingforanother交换

execute-v.tokill处死

exile-v.toforceapersontoleavehisorhercountry;toexpel马区逐；n.apersonwho

is

forcedtoleavehisorhercountry被马区逐者

exist-v.tobe;tolive存在

expand-v.tomakelarger;togrowlarger扩张

expect-v.tothinkorbelievethatsomethingwillhappen;towaitforanevent期望

expel-v.toforceout;toremovefrom;tosendaway既区逐，开除

experience-v.tolivethroughanevent,situationorcondition经历("Sheexperienced

greatpain.");n.somethingthatonehasdoneorlivedthrough经历(“Theexperience

causedhergreatpain.")

experiment-v.totest做实验；n.atestortrialcarriedouttoproveifanideaistrue

or

false,ortodiscoversomething实验

expert-n.apersonwithspecialknowledgeortraining专家

explode-v.tobreakapartviolentlywithaloudnoise,likeabomb爆炸

explore-v.totravelinaplacethatisnotwellknowntolearnmoreaboutit;to

makeacarefulsearch;toexamineclosely探索

export-v.tosendtoanothercountry出口；n.somethingsenttoanothercountry,

usually

forsale出口商品

express-v.tosayclearly表达

extend-v.tostretchoutinareaorlength扩展；t。continueforalongertime延长

extreme-ad.morethantheusualoraccepted极端的

extremist-n.apersonwithstrongreligiousorpoliticalbeliefswhoactsinan

extremeorviolentway极端主义者

F

fail-v.tonotsucceed;tonotreachagoal失败

fair-ad.just;honest;whatisright公正

federal-ad.oforhavingtodowithanationalorcentralgovernment联邦的

fertile-ad.richinproductionofplantsoranimals;producingmuch肥沃的,多产的

fierce-ad.extremelystrong;violent;angry猛，烈的

financial-ad.oforaboutthesystemthatincludestheuseofmoney,credit,

investmentsandbanks财政的

fine-n.apaymentorderedbyacourttopunishsomeoneforacrime罚款；ad.very

good好的;verysmallorthin细小的

fireworks-n.rocketsproducingbrightfireinthesky,usedinholidaycelebrations

鞭炮

firm-ad.noteasilymovedorchanged("Sheisfirminheropinion.")坚定的

fit-v.tobeofthecorrectsizeorshape("Theseshoesfitmyfeet.")适合

fix-v.tomakegoodorrightagain修理

flee-v.torunawayfrom逃跑

float-v.tobeonwaterwithoutsinking;tomoveorbemovedgentlyonwateror

throughair飘浮

淹没；

flood-v.tocoverwithwatern.themovementofwateroutofariv