Unit1 Reading and Thinking 分层作业（原卷版）

Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandthinking分层作业基础巩固一、单句语法填空1．Thewoundfromthedogbitehasbecome(infect).2．Thebuildersoftheexpressway(link)JigzhiCountyinQinghaiProvincetoBarkamCountyinSichuanProvinceknowhowcomplexitistobuildaroadintheregion.3．Theadvicewereceivecanbe(contradict)sometimesandwehavetomakedecisionsforourselves.4．(suspect)ofbeinginvolvedintherecentstringofburglaries,hewassummonedbythepoliceforquestioning.5．Inmanycountries,adrivinglicenseisavalid(prove)ofidentity.6．Theevidencedemonstrateshoweasilypeoplecanholdmutually(contradict)beliefs.7．Government(intervene)toregulatepricesaimstolessenthedestructiveeffectsofeconomicdepression.8．Thenumberofindependentfirms(decrease)from198to96inthepastdecades.9．Theyoungmanseemed（change）muchovertheyears.10．Iwas(aware)ofhisexistenceuntilnow.二、根据汉语提示单词拼写11．(批评)bytheteacher,nowheseldomletoffsteamonhisteammatesanymore.12．Itwasaneventthatwould(使转化)mylife.13．(怀疑)ofdamagingthisculturalheritage,hewasarrestedbythepolice.14．Youcan(定期订购)tothemagazineforaslittleas$32ayear.15．Toouramazement,amassofalmost(纯的)whitecloudlaybelowus.三、根据首字母提示单词拼写16．Overtime,Sichuanhotpothasexpandedtoincludemoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsauces.17．Ikeepgettingcadvice—somepeopletellmetocontinueandsometellmetogiveup.18．Itwasclearthatthedriverwhorantheredlightintheaccidentwastob.19．Acombinationoffactorsmayberesponsibleforthedincarsales.20．ThroughSnow’stirelesseffort,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasdecrease.四、完成句子21．lackofsleep,poornutritionandlackofexercisearenotconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofteenagers.证据表明,睡眠不足、营养不良和缺乏锻炼都不利于青少年的健康成长。22．幸亏有你的及时帮助，我们才提前完成了任务。yourtimelyhelp,weaccomplishedthetaskaheadofschedule.23．既不要你负责，也不要他负责。toblame.24．事实是，有好几年时间，我还以为他在电话公司上班呢。foryearsIthoughtheworkedforthephonecompany.25．老师好像很欣赏我为我的同学们做的一切。theteacherappreciatedwhatIdidformyclassmates.五、七选五HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithwillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourpathforward.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.•26Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyourself.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.27•Takerisks.28Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.•Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleaveyoualone.29Infact,IevenfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists—youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyoufindkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemunpleasant.Somyfinalruleis:30A．Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.B．Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.C．Putanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D．Besureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E．I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.F．Ifyoucan’tstandtobewithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.G．Avoidfoolishpeople.六、选词填空intime

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drawaconclusion31．Judgingfromwhathesaid,Ithathe’dbeenlying.32．Mysister’sbirthdayisapproaching.Luckily,thegiftboughtforherissent.33．Ifyouwouldliketoreceiveregulardailynewsbyemail,thenyoucanthisserviceasfollows.34．thesummercampforexchangestudents,theycanlearnalotaboutChineseculture.35．WouldyoupleasethechildwhenIamofftowork?36．Buildingalargegymisatoughtask;itisnotsomethingthatcanbecompletedinayear.37．Manymistakeshavebeenescapingdetection,andalotofmoneyhasbeenlost.38．Throughpoverty-reliefpolicies,farmersinthisareaarebetteroffthantheywerethreeyearsago.能力提升一、完形填空Tony,ateenagerfromIndia,isaloverofrobotics.Recently,hehas1asmartspoon,whichcanaidpeoplewithParkinson’sdiseaseto2bythemselves.Thespoonhaswonmany3worldwide.However,Tony’soriginal4ofdoingthiswasnotforawards.5,hisideaforthisspooncamefromhisgrandpa,whosuffersfromParkinson.Heoftenfoundhisgrandpa6tofeedhimself.Hishandskeptshakingandfoodkeptfallingoffthespoonandflowingoutofhismouth.Wheneverhesawthis,Tony’sheart7andhewasdeterminedtodosomething.Thedevelopmentofthespoondidnotgo8Forexample,hefailedtofindsomespecialelectronicpartsinhiscountryandhadto9themfromothercountries.Despiteallthedifficulties,Tony10inmakingthefirstmodel.Nowthefirst11hasgonethroughafew12basedontheusers’feedback(反馈).“Thespoonhasbeen13tobewaterproof(防水的)sothatitcanbewashed.Anditneedstobedeepertoholdmorefood,”Tonysaid.Althoughthereexistsimilarproductsinthemarket,theyarenot14formostpeople.Tony’sspoonsolvedtheproblemwithitslowercost.HewishedthateveryonewithParkinson’scouldeatwithout15onothers.1．A．invented B．suggested C．sought D．replaced2．A．reflect B．respect C．eat D．tend3．A．beliefs B．honors C．benefits D．accounts4．A．purpose B．guideline C．philosophy D．opportunity5．A．Thus B．Instead C．So D．Indeed6．A．rejecting B．preferring C．struggling D．complaining7．A．scared B．responded C．admitted D．ached8．A．quickly B．smoothly C．financially D．separately9．A．import B．fold C．elect D．decorate10．A．kept B．succeeded C．considered D．avoided11．A．engine B．software C．design D．award12．A．features B．figures C．cures D．changes13．A．faded B．selected C．repaired D．improved14．A．affordable B．convenient C．particular D．fascinating15．A．pressing B．upsetting C．depending D．approaching二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinesetechgiantXiaomiheldalauncheventforitsfirstelectricvehicle(EV)model,theSpeedUltra7(SU7),inBeijingonThursday.Itmarksthesmartphonegiant’sentryintothe16(compete)andchallengingChinesenewenergyvehicle(NEV)market.TheSU7serieswillbelaunchedinninedifferentcolors,atapricestartingfrom215,900yuan($29,866)andmass17(produce)isexpectedtostartinthefirsthalfof2024.CustomersandanalystshadpreviouslyestimatedthattheSU718(be)pricedat200,000to300,000yuan.19(start)fromMonday,theSU7serieshasbeenondisplayin59storesacross29citiesinChina,astaffmemberatthestoretoldtheGlobalTimes,addingthatpeoplehavebeencrowding20theshowroomtoseethecar.China’sNEVmarkethasbecometheworld’sbiggestmarket21carmakersarerampingup(增加)efforts22(improve)technologicalcapabilitiesamid(在……中)anongoingpricewar.Meanwhile,ChineseNEVmanufacturersareexpandingoverseas.About19.5percentofEVspurchasedinEuropelastyear23(make)inChinaandthisisontracktoreachaquarterin2024.3.29.It’sstillunknownwhetherXiaomi’sambitiontofulfilitsautobusinessdreamwillsucceed.However,analystsbelieve24willdriveinnovationandprogressinNEVtechnology,andhelppromotetheexpansionandmarketpenetration(渗透)ofNEVsbyattractingmoreconsumers,andincreasing25(aware)andrecognitionofNEVs.三、阅读理解Researchershavedevelopedagroundbreakingmethodofstoringandhandlingvaluablebiologicalmaterialsthatremovesthelimitationsofrefrigeratedstorage.Thenovelmethodhaspotentialapplicationsinhealthcareandscientificresearch.Biologicalmaterialsthatcomefromhumancells,likeenzymes,proteins,andantibodies,arecrucialtodevelopingnewmedicinesanddiagnostictests.Andthey’refragile.Extremelytemperature-sensitive,theyrequireaconstanttemperatureduringstorage,handling,andtransportation.Ifnotstoredorhandledcorrectly,thesematerialswillbeinactive,whichcanbecostly.Mostbiologicalmaterialsarestoredasliquidsorfreeze-driedpowdersandkeptatlowtemperaturesforthedurationoftheirshelflife.Thisisachievedthroughacomplexintegratedsystemofrefrigeratorsandfreezersknownasthecoldchain.Thisrequiresasignificantinvestmentinequipmentandinfrastructure,makingitexpensivetomaintain,andmakesthecoldchainpronetoshippingdelays,poweroutages,equipmentfailureandhumanerror.Inspiredfromthehomemedicinecabinet(储藏柜),wheremedicationsarestoredintheformofliquids,powder-filledcapsules,andtablets,researchersatCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversityhavedevelopedanewstorageplatformbasedonthehumbletabletthatwouldenablebiologicalmaterialstobecompressed(压缩)intoasolidstate.Tabletsprovideadvantagestothestorageandhandlingofbiomaterialsthatthecoldchaindoesn’t.Foronething,theycanbestoredatroomtemperature.And,whenthey’rerequired,thetabletcanbedissolvedinwater.“Ourinnovationmakesstoringandusingbiomaterialsasstraightforwardasaneffervescenttablet(泡腾片).Justdropitintowater,mix,andit’sreadytogo,”saidtheresearcherofthestudy.Theresearcherssaytheirnewtablet-basedstorageandhandlingmethodiseasytouseanddoesn’trequirespecialtraining,makingitsuitableformanyapplications.Theyalsoseepotentialusesbeyondjustimprovingthestorageandhandlingofbiologicalmaterials.Bymodifying(修改)thetabletcoatings,thissolid-statestorageplatformcouldwithstandextremeconditionslikeheat,humidity,andchemicals.Thesechangesmighteventuallyallowinjectablemedications,suchasinsulin,tobetakenorally.26．Whatisaspecialrequirementtostorebiologicalmaterials?A．Constanttemperaturemaintenance.B．Exposuretovarioustemperatures.C．Periodicallyfreezingandmelting.D．Directcontactwithair.27．Whatistheresearchers’attitudetotheirstoragemethod?A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful.28．Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“withstand”inthelastparagraph?A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish.29．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Challengesofstoringbiologicalmaterials.B．Themakingprocessofeffervescenttablets.C．Healthcareapplicationsofbiologicalmaterials.D．Anewtabletstoragemethodofbiologicalmaterials.AnewwaytogetridofHIVfromthebodycouldonedaybeturnedintoacureforinfectionbythisvirus,althoughithasn’tyetbeenshowntoworkinpeople.ThestrategyusesarelativelyrecentgenetictechniquecalledCRISPR,whichcanmakecutsinDNAtointroduceerrorsintoviralgeneticmaterialwithinimmunecells(免疫细胞).“Thesefindingsrepresentakeyadvancementtowardsdesigningacurestrategy,”researcherElenaHerreraCarrilloattheUniversityofAmsterdamintheNetherlandssaidinastatement.WhileinfectionwithHIVwasoncenearlyalwaysfatal(致命的),thosewiththeviruscannowtakedrugsthatstopitfromreproducing.Thisgivesthemanearlynormallifespan,aslongastheydiligentlytaketheirmedicineseveryday.Butwhenpeoplearefirstinfected,someofthevirusinsertsitsDNAintotheirimmunecells,whereitstaysdormant.IftheystoptakingtheirHIVmedicines,thisDNA“reawakens”andthevirusstartsspreadingthroughtheirimmunesystemsagain.Foracure,weneedsomewayofkillinganydormantvirusinthebody.Severalstrategieshavebeentried,butnonehavesofarbeenfoundtowork.Thelatestapproachusesagene-editingsystemcalledCRISPR.Originallydiscoveredinbacteria,thishomesinonaspecificDNAsequence,makingcutsinit.BychangingtheDNAsequencebeingtargeted,thesystemcanpotentiallybeturnedintoaformofgenetherapyformanyconditions,withthefirstsuchtreatmenthavingbeenapprovedlastyearintheUSandUKasacureforsicklecellanemia.SeveralgroupsareinvestigatingusingCRISPRwhichtargetsageneinHIVasawayofdisablingdormantvirus.Now,Carrilloandherteamhaveshownthat,whentestedonimmunecellsinadish,theirCRISPRsystemcoulddisableallviruses,removingthemfromthesecells.TheworkisduetobepresentedattheEuropeanCongressofClinicalMicrobiologyandInfectiousDiseasesinBarcelona,Spain,nextmonth.JonathanStoyeattheFrancisCrickInstituteinLondonsaysthatalthoughtheresultsareencouraging,thenextstepistrialsinanimalsandeventuallypeopletoshowthetreatmentcanreachalltheimmunecellswithdormantHIV.Someofthesecellsarethoughttoresideinbonemarrow,buttheremaybeotherbodysitesinvolvedtoo,hesays.“There’sstillafairamountofuncertaintyaboutwhetherthereareotherreservoirsinotherpartsofthebody,”hesays.ACalifornianfirmcalledExcisionBioTherapeuticshaspreviouslyshownthataCRISPR-basedapproachcanreducetheamountofdormantvirusinmonkeysinfectedwi