小升初英语精美讲义练习第18讲现在完成时（牛津上海版试用本）（教师版）

授课主题第18讲现在完成时教学目标了解现在完成时的含义和结构短暂性动词与延续性动词的转变教学重难点since和for的使用教学内容知识点一：现在完成时现在完成时定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或从过去一直持续到现在的动作。影响：We'vejustcleanedtheclassroom.我们刚好打扫了教室。持续：Theyhavecleanedtheclassroomforhalfanhour.他们打扫教室已经半小时了。结构与句式(have/has+过去分词)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词ShehasstudiedEnglish.否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词___________________________疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词___________________________肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.___________________________否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.___________________________Shehasn’tstudiedEnglish.HasshestudiedEnglish?Yes,shehas(studiedEnglish).No,shehasn’t(studiedEnglish).二、现在完成时的用法过去发生或完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。Hehasalready/justturnedoffthelight.Haveyoupackedyet?常见时间状语：already,just,yet,ever/never,before…already/just/yet辨析观察：Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.Ihavejustfinishedmywork.Ihaven'tfinishedmyworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourworkyet?小结：already/just常用于________________；yet常用于________________already/just常用于肯定句中；yet常用于否定句、疑问句尾.Oralpractice:Mikehasalreadyfoundhiswatch.(改为一般疑问句)__________________________________________HehaseverbeentoJapan.(改为否定句)__________________________________________They

have

alreadyarrived

in

Shanghai.

(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)__________________________________________从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。tenyears202220tenyears20222012Mr.SmithhaslivedinShanghaifortenyears.=Mr.SmithhaslivedinShanghai_______________________.since2012.=Mr.SmithhaslivedinShanghai_______________________.sincetenyearsago.常见时间状语：标志性词具体用法举例forfor+时间段fortwoyears/alongtimesincesince+时间点since2017/lastyear/halfpasttensince+时间段+agosincetwoyears/alongtimeagosince+从句(一般过去时)sincetheymovedtoShanghaiPractice:用for/since填空________Monday________halfanhour________threemonths________2005________12o’clock________threemonthsagosinceMondayforhalfanhourforthreemonthssince2005since12o’clocksincethreemonthsagoOralPractice.1.Q:Howlonghaveyouworkedinthisrestaurant?(twoyears)A:Ihaveworkedinthisrestaurant___________________________.2.Q:Howlonghaven’tyoumether?(April)A:Ihaven’tmether_________________________.3.Q:Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?(alongtimeago)A:Wehaveknowneachother__________________________.1.fortwoyears/sincetwoyearsago.2.sinceApril.3.sincealongtimeago.对for/since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语提问，用howlong.Ihavestayedhereforonemonth.__________________haveyoustayedhere?Howlong【小试牛刀】1.Mr.LihaslivedinHainan____________2012.A.sinceB.forC.afterD.in2.MaryhasknownJane____________twoyears.A.sinceB.forC.afterD.in3.Ihave____________finishedthereport.Howaboutyou?Oh,Ihaven’tfinishedit____________.A.yet,alreadyB.already,alreadyC.already,yetD.yet,yet4.Haveyou____________travelledonthetrainNo,Ihave____________travelledbytrain.A.never,alreadyB.ever,neverC.already,neverD.yet,ever5.Iwon’tgowithyoutoseethisfilm.BecauseI____________ittwice.A.

will

see

B.

see

C.

saw

D.have

seen

Keys:AACBD三、特殊用法:have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin1)Theyhavebeentothatvillagesometimes.HaveyoueverbeentoJapanNo,IhaveneverbeentoJapan.MaryhasneverbeentotheSummerPalace.have/hasbeento表示“__________________”,常和次数_______________________连用。与ever/never连用，表示“曾经去过或从未去过某地”。have/hasbeento表示“去过某地，已经回来”,常和次数once,twice,threetimes…连用。与ever/never连用，表示“曾经去过或从未去过某地”。2)WhereisTom?Hehasgonetothebookshop.have/hasgoneto表示“________________________”have/hasgoneto表示“到某地去了，还没回来”3)TheBrownshavebeeninShanghaifornineyears.have/hasbeenin表示“__________________”，常与表示一段时间的状语(for+时间段/since+时间点,howlong等)连用。have/hasbeenin表示“待在某地”，常与表示一段时间的状语(for+时间段/since+时间点,howlong等)连用。Practice:填入have/has

been(to),

have/has

been(in),have/has

gone

(to)1.

Can

I

speak

to

Li

Lei,pleaseHe’s

out.I’m

afraid.He

__________________the

cinema.

2.John__________________Englandsince2003.3.TheSmiths__________________Beijingfornineyears.4.I__________________thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.5.

Is

your

mother

in?

No,

she

__________________Shenzhen.__________she

ever________there

beforeYes,she

____________thereseveraltimes.Keys:1.

Can

I

speak

to

Li

Lei,please?He’s

out.I’m

afraid.He

hasgoneto

the

cinema.

2.JohnhasbeeninEnglandsince2003.3.TheSmithshavebeeninBeijingfornineyears.4.Ihavebeeninthisschoolsincethreeyearsago.5.

Is

your

mother

in?

No,

she

hasgonetoShenzhen.Hasshe

everbeenthere

before?Yes,she

hasbeenthereseveraltimes.四、过去分词的变化形式规则变化：与过去式相同将下列单词的过去式填入相应的位置:hope,listen,stop,start,worry,plan,move规则例词1.直接加edlaughed,played,_________,________2.以不发音e结尾，直接加dliked,lived,_________,________3.以辅音加y结尾，改y为i加edstudied,carried,_________4.以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个字母加edpreferred(更喜欢),dropped_________,________不规则变化：详见附录AAA:ABB:ABC:ABA:putputputgetgotgotam/is____________beebecamebeeread____________make____________arewerebeen

e____________costcostcosthavehadhaddodiddonerunranruncutcutcutsay____________go____________Choosethebestanswer.()1.Adamusually_______booksintheevening,butthiseveninghe_______TVnow.A.reads;iswatching B.isread;iswatchingC.reads;watches D.reading;iswatching()2.He_______letterstohisfriendsandrelativesyet.A.willwrite B.didn’twrite C.hasn’twritten D.haven’twritten()3.Motherhas_______cookeddinnerforus.A.alreadyB.yetC.justnowD.sometimes()4.There______aninterestingfilmnextweek.A.willhaveB.isgoingtoC.isgoingtohaveD.willbe()5.WhereisLindaShe_______tothelibrary.A.havegoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.hasgone()6.Ithinkshe______herhomeworksoon.A.FinishesB.finishedC.willfinishD.hasfinished()7.When______you_______theflowershow?Twodaysago.A.have;visitedB.did;visitC.do;visitD.will;visit()8.David______Shanghaiforaboutthreemonths.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.haseto()9.MayIspeaktoJohn?Sorry,he________Japan.Buthe________intwodays.A.hasgoneto;willreturnbackB.hasbeento;willebackC.hasgoneto;willebackD.hasbeento;willreturnback()10.They______alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.A.spend B.willspend C.havespent D.spentII.Rewritethesentences.1.Thebighousecosthimalotofmoney.(改为否定句)Thebighouse______________________himmuchmoney.2.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(改为一般疑问句)___________Tom___________hishomework___________?3.She

has

evervisited

the

USA.

(改为否定句)She_________________________________theUSA.

4.Ihavereadthebooksince9o’clock.(对划线部分提问)______________________haveyoureadthebook?5.Jasonhasworkedinthefactoryfortwoyears.(保持句意不变)Jasonhasworkedinthefactory___________twoyears___________.6.FredbegantoteachEnglishsixyearsago.(保持句意不变)Fred______________________English___________sixyears.7.the,my,been,GreatWall,before,father,has,never,to(连词成句)_______________________________________________________现在完成时定义和结构：定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的______________或从过去一直______________到现在的动作结构：______________常用时间状语：影响：_________________________________持续：for+时间段，since+时间点；since+时间段+ago；since+从句(一般过去时)易混淆句型：have/hasbeento表示“______________”,常和次数______________连用。与______________连用，表示“曾经去过或从未去过某地”。have/hasgoneto表示“______________”have/hasbeenin表示“______________”，常与表示一段时间的状语(for+时间段/since+时间点,howlong等)连用。=1\*ROMANI.ChoosethebestanswersBothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.A.knew B.haveknown C.mustknowD.willknow2.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studying B.will;studyC.has;studied D.are;studying3.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.A.willsee B.haveseen C.saw D.see4.It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.is B.has C.will D.was5.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.went C.willgo D.hasbeen6.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeenin B.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen7.Where______John_______Tothelibrary.He_________thereforanhour.A.has…been…hasgone B.has…gone…hasbeenC.did…go…went D.did…be…went8. I_______theway.I________hereforquitemanyyears.A.knew…havelived B.knew…liveC.know…havelived D.know…live9._____youever_____America?Yes,Ihave. A.Have…goneto B.Have…goneinC.Have…beento D.Have…beenin10.Mybrother____collegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgoneto B.hasbeento C.hasbeenin D.hasbeenatII. pletethesentenceswiththegivenverbsintheirproperforms(用所给动词的适当形式填空）Weusuallygo (swim)onSundayafternoons.Bill____________(meet)alotoffriendswhenhewaswalkingbackhome.Motherisn'thome.She (go)tothesupermarket.There (notbe)plentyoforangejuiceinthebottle.She___________(notbuy)thestrawberriesinthemarketbecausetheyweretooexpensive.III.Reading.(A)Alongtimeago,therewasapoorfisherman.Healwaysdreamedofbeingrich.Oneday,hewentfishing.Whilehewassittingintheboat,hesuddenlyfeltthatthefishingrodwasbeingweigheddownbyaheavything.Heexcitedlypulledhardatit,andwhathesawmadehimshoutoutloud,”Wow!Abig,shinygoldenchain!”Heexcitedlypulledhardatthegoldenchaintogetitintotheboat,butthereseemedtobenoendofit.hisboatstartedtogetoverloadbecauseofthegoldenchain,andtheseawaterfilledhisboat.However,hehadbegundreamingofabighouse,abigpieceoflandandbuyinghorsesandcows....Hekeptpullinginthechain.Finally,theboatsank,andhedrowned.Whatdidthepoorfishermanalwaysdreamof?_______