2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解词汇记忆 高频词组汇编

2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解词汇记忆高频词组汇编考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷PartIVocabularyandStructureDirections:Beloweachsentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswerontheanswersheetbyblackeningthecorrespondingletter.1.Thediscoveryofpenicillininthe1920srevolutionizedthetreatmentofbacterialinfections,fundamentally______thelandscapeofmodernmedicine.A)alteringB)alternationC)alternatelyD)alternative2.Despitefacingnumerous______,theyoungentrepreneurremainedundeterredinherpursuitofestablishingasuccessfultechstartup.A)obstaclesB)obstructionsC)impedimentsD)hindrances3.Theeconomicpoliciesimplementedbythenewgovernmenthave______significantdebatesamongeconomistsregardingtheirlong-termeffectiveness.A)sparkedB)flaredC)ignitedD)ignited4.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatregularphysicalexercisecanhavea______impactonbothmentalandphysicalwell-being.A)salutaryB)detrimentalC)negligibleD)pervasive5.Thearcheologicalfindingsatthesiteprovide______insightsintothedailylivesandculturalpracticesoftheancientcivilization.A)lucidB)obscureC)elucidativeD)ambiguous6.Beyondthesuperficialdifferences,thereexistprofoundsimilaritiesinthecorevaluescherishedbythetwosocieties.A)ostensibleB)apparentC)evidentD)intrinsic7.Thecommitteewastaskedwiththe______ofdraftingcomprehensiveguidelinesfortheindustry'sfuturedevelopment.A)compilationB)compilationC)compilingD)compiled8.Manyresearchersarguethatclimatechangeposesanexistential______tothesurvivalofnumerousspeciesaroundtheglobe.A)threatB)perilC)dangerD)hazard9.Her______knowledgeofinternationallawwasinstrumentalinnavigatingthecomplexlegaldisputesbetweenthenations.A)encyclopedicB)anecdotalC)superficialD)fragmentary10.Thenovel'snarrativestructure,withitsnon-linearprogression,challengesreaderstoactively______meaningfromthefragmentednarrative.A)ascertainB)deduceC)discernD)infer11.Thegovernmenthasimplementedstringentregulationsto______theexcessiveexploitationofnaturalresources.A)curtailB)curbC)restrainD)restrict12.Duringtheconferencecall,theparticipants______variousviewpointsontheproposedproject,leadingtoaheateddiscussion.A)exchangedB)exchangedC)exchangingD)exchanged13.Theoldmansion,______forcenturies,stillstandsasatestamenttotheregion'srichhistory.A)standingB)havingstoodC)stoodD)havingbeenstood14.Herabilityto______underpressureandremaincomposedisakeyfactorinhersuccessasaleader.A)retainB)retainC)retainingD)retained15.Thestudy______thatthereisastrongcorrelationbetweentheamountofsleeponegetsandtheircognitiveperformance.A)indicatedB)indicatesC)indicatingD)indicated16.Theathlete'sremarkable______toovercomeinjuriesandreturntopeakperformanceistrulyinspirational.A)resilienceB)tenacityC)persistenceD)perseverance17.Itisessentialto______thepotentialbiasesinthedatatoensuretheobjectivityoftheresearchfindings.A)acknowledgeB)recognizeC)identifyD)rectify18.Thebookprovidesacomprehensive______ofthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.A)enumerationB)expositionC)elaborationD)exemplification19.Despiteinitial______,theteameventuallymanagedtocompletethechallengingprojectsuccessfully.A)skepticismB)doubtC)suspicionD)mistrust20.Theintricatepatternsontheancientpotteryoffervaluable______intotheartisticsensibilitiesofthatculture.A)indicationsB)insightsC)revelationsD)epiphaniesPartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasprecipitatedaglobaldiscourseonitssocietalimplications,withparticularemphasisonthefutureofthelabormarket.ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarilyautomateroutineandrepetitivetasks,freeinghumanstoengageinmorecreativeandintellectuallystimulatingwork.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAIcollaborateswithhumans,augmentinghumancapabilitiesandleadingtounprecedentedlevelsofproductivityandinnovation.However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialforwidespreadjobdisplacement,asAIsystemscapableofperformingcomplexcognitivetasksmayrendernumerousprofessionsobsolete.Thedisplacementofworkers,theyargue,couldexacerbatesocialinequalitiesandnecessitatesignificantsocietaladjustments,includingwidespreadretrainingprogramsandpotentialshiftsineconomicpoliciestosupportthosedisplacedbyautomation.TheintegrationofAIintovarioussectorsoftheeconomyisalreadyunderway,albeitatapacethatvariesacrossindustriesandregions.Inmanufacturing,AI-drivenrobotshavebecomeincreasinglycommononassemblylines,streamliningproductionprocessesandreducingcosts.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmsassistindiagnosingdiseasesfrommedicalimageswithincreasingaccuracy,potentiallyimprovingpatientoutcomes.Similarly,inthefinancialsector,AIisusedforalgorithmictrading,frauddetection,andpersonalizedbankingservices.WhiletheseapplicationsdemonstratethetangiblebenefitsofAI,theyalsohighlightthechallengesassociatedwiththeirimplementation,suchastheneedforlargeamountsofdata,thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,andtheethicalconsiderationssurroundingtheuseofAIinsensitiveareaslikehealthcareandcriminaljustice.ThequestionofhowtomanagethetransitiontoanAI-driveneconomyisacomplexone,involvingpolicymakers,businesses,educationalinstitutions,andworkersthemselves.ItisunlikelythattheimpactofAIonthelabormarketwillbeuniformlypositiveornegative;rather,itwilllikelybeamixedbagwithbothwinnersandlosers.Tomitigatethepotentialnegativeconsequences,itiscrucialtoinvestineducationandtrainingprogramsthatequipworkerswiththeskillsneededtothriveinanAI-enhancedworkplace.Theseprogramsshouldfocusnotonlyontechnicalskillsbutalsoonsoftskillssuchascriticalthinking,problem-solving,andcreativity,whicharelesslikelytobeautomated.Additionally,fosteringacultureoflifelonglearningwillbeessentialtoensurethatworkerscancontinuouslyadapttothechangingdemandsofthelabormarket.Ultimately,thefutureofworkinanageofAIwilldependonourcollectiveabilitytonavigatethechallengesandopportunitiespresentedbythistransformativetechnology.Whileitisimpossibletopredictexactlyhowthelabormarketwillevolve,wecanbecertainthatitwillbesignificantlydifferentfromtheoneweknowtoday.ByproactivelyaddressingthepotentialnegativeimpactsofAIandinvestinginthehumancapitalneededtothriveinthefuture,wecanstrivetocreateafuturewhereAIenhanceshumanpotentialandcontributestoamoreequitableandprosperoussociety.21.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A)TopredictthespecificjobsthatwillbemostaffectedbyAI.B)TooutlinethepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofAIinthecontextofthelabormarket.C)ToarguefortheimmediateimplementationofwidespreadAItrainingprograms.D)ToadvocateforacompleterejectionofAIduetoitspotentialnegativeconsequences.22.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,whatwillbethemaineffectofAIonthelabormarket?A)Itwilleliminatetheneedforhumanworkersaltogether.B)ItwillreplacehumanworkerswithAIsystemsinmostindustries.C)Itwillfreehumansfromroutinetaskstofocusonmorecreativework.D)Itwillleadtoasignificantincreaseinthedemandforlow-skilledlabor.23.Theword"precipitated"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)causedB)delayedC)exacerbatedD)mitigated24.WhatchallengeismentionedinthesecondparagraphthatisassociatedwiththeimplementationofAI?A)ThehighcostofdevelopingAIalgorithms.B)ThepotentialforAItobeusedformaliciouspurposes.C)Theneedforlargeamountsofdataandtheissueofalgorithmicbias.D)ThedifficultyinintegratingAIintoexistingmanufacturingprocesses.25.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisessentialforworkerstosucceedinanAI-driveneconomy?A)TheymustpossessadeepunderstandingofAItechnology.B)Theyneedtofocusondevelopingtechnicalandsoftskills.C)TheyshouldseekemploymentinindustriesleastaffectedbyAI.D)Theymustbewillingtoacceptlowerwagestoremaincompetitive.PassageTwoTheconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedimmensetractioninrecentyears,astheglobalcommunityincreasinglyrecognizestheurgentneedtoaddressenvironmentaldegradationandmitigatetheimpactsofclimatechange.Atitscore,sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisholisticapproachencompassesenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions,emphasizingtheinterconnectednessofhumanactivitiesandtheirconsequences.Oneofthekeychallengesinachievingsustainabilityisthepervasiveissueofpollution,whichtakesnumerousformsandaffectsvariousaspectsoftheenvironment.Airpollution,forinstance,isamajorconcerninmanyurbanareas,contributingtorespiratorydiseasesandotherhealthproblems.Waterpollution,stemmingfromindustrialdischarge,agriculturalrunoff,andimproperwastemanagement,posesasignificantthreattoaquaticecosystemsandhumanwatersupplies.Soilpollution,causedbytheoveruseofpesticidesandfertilizers,degradeslandqualityandimpactsfoodsecurity.Addressingthesepollutionchallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includingstricterregulationsonindustrialemissions,theadoptionofcleanerproductionmethods,andthepromotionofwastereductionandrecyclinginitiatives.Beyondpollution,othercriticalsustainabilityissuesincludedeforestation,lossofbiodiversity,andthedepletionofnaturalresources.Deforestation,drivenbylogging,agriculture,andurbanization,leadstohabitatdestruction,soilerosion,andcontributestoclimatechange.Thelossofbiodiversity,resultingfromhabitatdestruction,pollution,andclimatechange,underminestheecologicalbalanceandreducestheresilienceofecosystems.Thedepletionofnaturalresources,suchasfreshwater,fossilfuels,andminerals,posesathreattoboththeenvironmentandhumanwell-being.Sustainablepractices,suchasreforestationefforts,conservationprograms,andthedevelopmentofrenewableenergysources,areessentialtoaddressthesechallenges.Thetransitiontoasustainablefuturealsonecessitatesashiftinsocietalvaluesandconsumerbehavior.Theprevailingcultureofconsumerism,characterizedbyexcessiveconsumptionandwaste,isfundamentallyunsustainable.Promotingamoremindfulapproachtoconsumption,emphasizingthereuseandrecyclingofmaterials,andencouragingthedevelopmentofsustainableproductsandservicesarecrucialstepstowardsamoresustainablefuture.Additionally,fosteringacultureofenvironmentalstewardshipandeducationcanhelpraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceofsustainabilityandinspireindividualandcollectiveaction.26.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Tohighlightthevariousformsofpollutionandtheirenvironmentalimpacts.B)Todiscusstheeconomicbenefitsofimplementingsustainablepractices.C)Toexplaintheconceptofsustainabilityanditskeychallenges.D)Toargueagainsttheideaofsustainability,citingthehighcostsofimplementation.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernassociatedwithairpollution?A)Itleadstoanincreaseinagriculturalproductivity.B)Itimprovestheoverallqualityofurbanlife.C)Itcontributestorespiratorydiseasesandotherhealthproblems.D)Ithasnosignificantimpactonhumanhealth.28.Theword"pervasive"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)rareB)localizedC)widespreadD)temporary29.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomeofthecausesofwaterpollution?A)Industrialdischarge,agriculturalrunoff,andimproperwastemanagement.B)Reforestationefforts,conservationprograms,andthedevelopmentofrenewableenergysources.C)Theoveruseofpesticidesandfertilizers,deforestation,andurbanization.D)Thedepletionofnaturalresources,soilerosion,andclimatechange.30.Whatchangeissuggestedinthelastparagraphasbeingnecessaryforasustainablefuture?A)Asignificantincreaseingovernmentspendingonenvironmentalprotection.B)Ashiftinsocietalvaluesandconsumerbehaviortowardsmoresustainablepractices.C)Thewidespreadadoptionofnuclearenergyasaprimarysourceofpower.D)Theencouragementofexcessiveconsumptionandwastetostimulateeconomicgrowth.PassageThreeThedigitalrevolutionhasfundamentallytransformedthewaywecommunicate,work,andlive,renderingmanytraditionalpracticesobsolete.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthedigitalrevolutionhasbeenonthecommunicationlandscape,withtheriseofemail,instantmessaging,socialmedia,andvideoconferencing.Thesetechnologieshaveenabledreal-timecommunicationacrossvastdistances,facilitatingcollaborationandfosteringglobalconnectivity.However,thisshifttodigitalcommunicationhasalsoraisedconcernsaboutthequalityanddepthofinterpersonalrelationships,asface-to-faceinteractionsareincreasinglyreplacedbyvirtualexchanges.Thedigitalrevolutionhasalsorevolutionizedtheworkplace,withtheadoptionofcloudcomputing,collaborationsoftware,andotherdigitaltools.Thesetechnologieshaveenabledremotework,allowingemployeestoworkfromanywherewithaninternetconnection.Thishasthepotentialtoincreaseflexibilityandwork-lifebalance,aswellastoexpandthetalentpoolforcompaniesbyenablingthemtohirethebestcandidatesregardlessoftheirlocation.However,theriseofremoteworkhasalsopresentedchallenges,suchasthepotentialforisolation,difficultyinmaintainingteamcohesion,andtheneedfornewmanagementtechniquestoensureproductivityandcollaboration.Anothersignificantimpactofthedigitalrevolutionhasbeenoneducation,withtheincreasingavailabilityofonlinelearningresourcesandplatforms.Theseresourceshavethepotentialtoprovideaccesstoqualityeducationforpeoplewhomightnothavehadaccesstoitotherwise,duetogeographicalorfinancialconstraints.Onlinecourses,virtualclassrooms,anddigitallearningmaterialshavemadeitpossibleforstudentstolearnattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirownschedules.However,theeffectivenessofonlinelearningdependsonvariousfactors,suchasthequalityoftheonlineplatform,thelevelofstudentengagement,andtheabilityofstudentstoself-motivateandmanagetheirtimeeffectively.Thedigitalrevolutionhasalsohadaprofoundimpactontheretailindustry,withtheriseofe-commerceandthedeclineoftraditionalbrick-and-mortarstores.Onlineshoppinghasbecomeincreasinglypopular,offeringconsumersawidervarietyofproducts,theconvenienceofshoppingfromhome,andtheabilitytocomparepricesandreadreviewsbeforemakingapurchase.Thishasforcedtraditionalretailerstoadapttothedigitallandscape,eitherbydevelopingtheirownonlinepresenceorbyintegratingdigitaltechnologiesintotheirphysicalstores.Theriseofe-commercehasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforsmallbusinessesandentrepreneurstoreachaglobalaudience.31.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A)Thenegativeeffectsofthedigitalrevolutiononpersonalrelationships.B)Theimpactofthedigitalrevolutiononvariousaspectsofsociety.C)Theeconomicbenefitsofremoteworkandonlineeducation.D)Thechallengesofadaptingtothedigitalrevolutionfortraditionalretailers.32.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenasignificantimpactofthedigitalrevolutiononcommunication?A)Ithasledtoadecreaseinthenumberofface-to-faceinteractions.B)Ithasmadecommunicationonlypossiblewithinalocalarea.C)Ithasenabledreal-timecommunicationacrossvastdistances.D)Ithasreplacedalltraditionalformsofcommunicationwithdigitalones.33.Theword"fundamentally"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)superficiallyB)slightlyC)completelyD)gradually34.Whatchallengeismentionedinthesecondparagraphthatisassociatedwithremotework?A)Thehighcostofsettinguphomeofficespaces.B)Thepotentialforisolationanddifficultyinmaintainingteamcohesion.C)Thelackofaccesstohigh-speedinternetinruralareas.D)Thedifficultyintrainingemployeestousedigitalcollaborationtools.35.Whathasbeenamajorconsequenceoftheriseofe-commercefortraditionalretailers?A)Ithasledtoanincreaseinsalesforbrick-and-mortarstores.B)Ithasforcedthemtoadapttothedigitallandscape.C)Ithasmadeitimpossibleforthemtocompetewithonlineretailers.D)Ithasencouragedthemtofocussolelyononlinesales.PassageFourTheconceptofculturalintelligence(CQ)hasgainedincreasingattentioninrecentyears,astheworldbecomesincreasinglyinterconnectedandorganizationsincreasinglyoperateindiverse,globalenvironments.Culturalintelligencereferstotheabilitytofunctioneffectivelyinculturallydiversesituations.Itencompassesarangeofcompetencies,includingculturalknowledge,cognitiveflexibility,andbehavioraladaptability.Individualswithhighculturalintelligenceareabletounderstandandappreciateculturaldifferences,adapttheirbehaviortodifferentculturalcontexts,andbuildrelationshipswithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Oneofthekeybenefitsofdevelopingculturalintelligenceisitspositiveimpactonteamworkandcollaboration.Intoday'sglobalizedworkplace,teamsoftenconsistofmembersfromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Effectivecollaborationinsuchteamsrequiresindividualstobeabletounderstandandappreciateeachother'sculturalperspectives,communicateeffectively,andresolveconflictsconstructively.Culturalintelligenceenablesindividualstonavigateculturaldifferencesandbuildtrustamongteammembers,leadingtomoreeffectiveteamworkandbetteroutcomes.Anotherimportantbenefitofculturalintelligenceisitsimpactonleadershipeffectiveness.Leaderswhopossesshighculturalintelligenceareabletounderstandandappreciatethediverseneedsandperspectivesoftheirteammembers.Theyareabletoadapttheirleadershipstyletodifferentculturalcontexts,motivatetheirteammemberseffectively,andbuildacohesiveandinclusiveteamenvironment.Culturalintelligenceenablesleaderstocreateaworkculturethatvaluesdiversityandfosterscollaboration,leadingtohigheremployeeengagementandperformance.Developingculturalintelligenceisacontinuousprocessthatrequiresconsciouseffortandpractice.Onewaytodevelopculturalintelligenceisthroughexposuretodiverseculturalenvironments.Thiscanbeachievedthroughinternationaltravel,livinginadifferentcountry,orworkingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Anotherwaytodevelopculturalintelligenceisthroughculturaltrainingprograms.Theseprogramscanprovideindividualswithknowledgeaboutdifferentcultures,aswellasopportunitiestopracticecross-culturalcommunicationskills.Additionally,engaginginself-reflectionandseekingfeedbackfromotherscanhelpindividualsidentifytheirownculturalbiasesanddevelopgreaterculturalsensitivity.Inconclusion,culturalintelligenceisacriticalskillintoday'sglobalizedworld.Itenablesindividualstofunctioneffectivelyinculturallydiversesituations,buildrelationshipswithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds,andcontributetothesuccessoftheirorganizations.Astheworldbecomesincreasinglyinterconnected,theimportanceofculturalintelligenceisonlygoingtocontinuetogrow.Organizationsthatinvestindevelopingtheculturalintelligenceoftheiremployeeswillbebetterpositionedtosucceedintheglobalmarketplace.36.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A)Toexplaintheconceptofculturalintelligenceanditsimportanceintheworkplace.B)Toarguethatculturalintelligenceisunnecessaryforindividualswhoworkinhomogeneousenvironments.C)Toprovideastep-by-stepguideonhowtodevelopculturalintelligence.D)Todiscussthenegativeeffectsofculturaldifferencesonteamworkandcollaboration.37.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeybenefitofculturalintelligenceintheworkplace?A)Itleadstoincreasedcompetitionamongemployeesfromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.B)Itenableseffectiveteamworkandcollaborationinculturallydiversesituations.C)Itresultsintheadoptionofasingle,universalleadershipstyle.D)Itreducestheneedforemployeetrainingprograms.38.Theword"competencies"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)weaknessesB)skillsC)limitationsD)abilities39.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisonewaytodevelopculturalintelligence?A)Avoidinginteractionwithpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.B)Engagingininternationaltravel,culturaltrainingprograms,andself-reflection.C)Focusingsolelyondevelopingtechnicalskillsandignoringsoftskills.D)Leadingbyexampleandsettingapositiveexampleforotherstofollow.40.Whatisthepassageprimarilyconcernedwith?A)Theimportanceofculturalintelligenceintheworkplace.B)Thenegativeimpactofculturaldifferencesonleadershipeffectiveness.C)Theeffectivenessofculturaltrainingprogramsindevelopingculturalintelligence.D)Theroleofculturalintelligenceinbuildingsuccessfulorganizations.---PartIIITranslationDirections:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能已经逐渐渗透到我们生活的方方面面。从智能手机上的语音助手到自动驾驶汽车，人工智能的应用越来越广泛。然而，人工智能的快速发展也引发了一系列伦理和社会问题。如何确保人工智能的发展符合人类的价值观和道德标准，是一个亟待解决的问题。我们需要在推动人工智能技术进步的同时，也要关注其潜在的风险，并采取措施来mitigatingtheserisks,以确保人工智能能够造福人类，而不是带来危害。---PartIVWritingDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsonthetopic"TheImpactofSocialMediaonCommunication".YoushouldwriteneatlyontheAnswerSheet.TheImpactofSocialMediaonCommunication---结束试卷答案PartIVocabularyandStructure1.A2.A3.A4.A5.C6.A7.A8.B9.A10.D11.A12.A13.B14.A15.A16.A17.C18.B19.A20.B解析思路1.altering：动词，改变。句意：青霉素的发现（在20世纪20年代）彻底改变了现代医学的面貌。符合语境。2.obstacles：名词，障碍物，困难。句意：尽管面临众多（困难），这位年轻的创业者仍毫不气馁地追求建立一家成功的科技公司。符合语境。obstructions,impediments,hindrances都有障碍的意思，但obstacles更常用且涵盖范围广。3.sparked：动词，引起，激起。句意：新政府实施的经济政策引发了经济学家们关于其长期有效性的激烈辩论。符合语境。flared,ignited与sparked近义，但sparked更常用。4.salutary：形容词，有益的，有益健康的。句意：人们普遍认为，规律的体育锻炼对身心健康都有有益的影响。符合语境。detrimental有害的。negligible可忽略不计的。pervasive普遍的，弥漫的。5.elucidative：形容词，阐明性的，富有说明性的。句意：该遗址的考古发现为理解古代文明的日常生活和文化习俗提供了富有说明性的见解。符合语境。lucid清晰的。obscure偏僻的，难懂的。ambiguous含糊不清的。6.ostensible：形容词，表面上的，明面上的。句意：除了表面上的差异之外，这两个社会在所珍视的核心价值观上存在着深刻的相似之处。符合语境。apparent,evident与ostensible近义。intrinsic本质的，内在的。7.compilation：名词，汇编，编纂。句意：委员会被赋予任务，负责编纂关于该行业未来发展的综合指南。符合语境。compiling是动名词形式。compiled是过去分词。8.peril：名词，危险，危险。句意：许多研究人员认为，气候变化对全球众多物种的生存构成生存威胁。符合语境。threat,danger,hazard都有危险的意思，但peril更强调严重的危险。9.encyclopedic：形容词，百科全书式的，渊博的。句意：她渊博的国际法知识在处理两国之间的复杂法律纠纷中发挥了关键作用。符合语境。anecdotal寓事的。superficial表面的。fragmentary零碎的。10.infer：动词，推断，领会。句意：这部小说的叙事结构是非线性的，它挑战读者从零碎的叙事中推断出意义。符合语境。ascertain确定ascertain。deduce推断deduce。discern识别discern。11.curtail：动词，削减，限制。句意：政府已实施严格的规定，以限制对自然资源的过度开发。符合语境。curb控制。restrain抑制。restrict限制。12.exchanged：动词过去式，交换。句意：在电话会议期间，参与者交换了关于拟议项目的各种观点，导致了一场激烈的讨论。符合语境。exchanging是动名词形式。13.havingstood：现在分词的完成式，表示一个先于主句动作发生的动作。句意：这座古老的城堡矗立了数个世纪，至今仍作为该地区丰富历史的见证而存在。符合语境。standing是现在分词。stood是过去式。havingbeenstood是过去分词的完成式被动语态。14.retain：动词，保持，保留。句意：她能够在压力下保持镇定，这是一个领导者取得成功的关键因素。符合语境。retaining是动名词形式。15.indicated：动词过去式，表明。句意：研究表明，一个人获得的睡眠量与其认知表现之间存在很强的相关性。符合语境。indicates是现在式。indicating是动名词形式。16.resilience：名词，恢复力，韧性。句意：这位运动员在克服伤病并重返巅峰表现方面的惊人恢复力trulyinspirational。符合语境。tenacity,persistence,perseverance都有毅力的意思，但resilience更强调从逆境中恢复的能力。17.identify：动词，识别，认出。句意：承认潜在偏见对于确保研究结果客观性至关重要。符合语境。acknowledge承认。recognize认识recognize。rectify纠正。18.exposition：名词，阐述，说明。句意：这本书全面阐述了英语的历史发展。符合语境。enumeration清点。elaboration阐述。exemplification举例说明。19.skepticism：名词，怀疑论。句意：尽管最初存在怀疑，该团队最终还是成功地完成了这个具有挑战性的项目。符合语境。doubt,suspicion,mistrust都有怀疑的意思，但skepticism更强调理性的怀疑。20.insights：名词复数，见解。句意：这座古老陶器上复杂的图案为理解那种文化的艺术品味提供了宝贵的见解。符合语境。PartIIReadingComprehension21.B22.C23.A24.C25.B26.C27.C28.C29.A30.B31.B32.C33.C34.B35.B36.A37.B38.B39.B40.A解析思路PartI1.选项分析：A)altering（改变）,B)alternation（交替）,C)alternately（交替地）,D)alternative（可选择的）。句意强调青霉素带来的“改变”，altering符合。2.选项分析：A)obstacles（障碍），B)obstructions（阻碍），C)impediments（阻碍），D)hindrances（妨碍）。obstacles是最常用的词，指各种困难或障碍。3.选项分析：A)sparked（引起），B)flared（突然燃烧），C)ignited（点燃），D)ignited（点燃）。sparked常用于比喻义，引起讨论、争论等。4.选项分析：A)salutary（有益的），B)detrimental（有害的），C)negligible（可忽略不计的），D)pervasive（普遍的）。salutary符合“有益的”含义。5.选项分析：A)lucid（清晰的），B)obscure（模糊的），C)elucidative（解释性的），D)ambiguous（模棱两可的）。elucidative强调“富有说明性”。6.选项分析：A)ostensible（表面上的），B)apparent（明显的），C)evident（明显的），D)intrinsic（内在的）。ostensible符合“表面上的”含义。7.选项分析：A)compilation（汇编），B)compilation（汇编），C)compiling（编写中），D)compiled（已编写的）。compilation是名词，指“汇编”。8.选项分析：A)peril（危险），B)peril（危险），C)danger（危险），D)hazard（危险）。peril强调“严重的危险”。9.选项分析：A)encyclopedic（百科全书式的），B)anecdotal（轶事的），C)superficial（表面的），D)fragmentary（零碎的）。encyclopedic符合“渊博的”含义。10.选项分析：A)infer（推断），B)deduce（推断），C)discern（辨别），D)ascertain（确定）。infer符合从语境中“推断”含义。11.选项分析：A)curtail（削减），B)curb（控制），C)rest