宾语从句讲解与练习（附带答案）

PAGEPAGE1宾语从句讲解与练习（附答案）中考宾语从句考点聚焦：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。分析近几年全国部分省、市的中考试题,中考对宾语从句的考查主要有宾语从句引导词的选择、宾语从句的语序,宾语从句和主句的时态呼应以及宾语从句和状语从句的区别等方面。下面以部分省、市试题为例分析中考宾语从句的考查热点。一、宾语从句引导词的选择引导宾语从句的词有连词that,if,whether,连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,以及连接副词when,where,why,how等。由陈述句变化而来的宾语从句常用that引导,本身无词义,可省略;由一般疑问句变化而来的宾语从句常用if,或whether引导,意为“是否,”;由特殊疑问句变化而来的宾语从句用特殊疑问词作引导词。这些疑问词在宾语从句中仍保持原来的词义,并在从句中充当一定的句子成份。例如:1.Bobwantstoknow______thegirlwas.Maybesheisahost.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.whose2.—Doyouknow______we’llgetthereat3:00thisafternoon?—I’mafraidwe’llbelate.A.thatB.howC.whyD.whether3.Thisisnotmywatch.Doyouknow______itis?A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whose4.—Doyouknow______Icouldpasstheexam?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which5.Theforeigneraskedme______thenewbridgewillbefinished.A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoldD.howoften6.Couldyoutellme______theyhavedonewiththerubbish?A.whyB.whereC.howD.what答案1.A2.D3.D4.B5.B6.D二、宾语从句的语序在含有宾语从句的复合句中,不管从句表达的是陈述内容还是疑问内容,宾语从句都要用陈述语序,即主语在前,动词在后。例如:1.Iwanttoknow______thedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedidD.whatdidhedo2.TheteacheraskedLucy______.A.wheredoesshecomefromB.whatdidshelikebestC.ifshecouldspeakChineseD.whenwassheborn3.Couldyoutellme______?A.whenshallwestartB.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethenearestbusstopisD.whywereyoulate4.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme______?—Certainly.It’sovertherealongthestreetontheleft.A.wherethePeople’sParkisB.whereisthePeople’sParkC.thePeople’sParkiswhereD.thePeople’sParkwhereis5.—Bytheway,doyouknowtheNationalSpellingBee?—No,Ineverheardofit.Tellme______,please.A.whatisitB.whatitisC.itiswhatD.isitwhat6.Heaskedhisclassmatewhere______.A.doeshisteacherseethefilmB.histeachersawthefilmC.didhisteacherseethefilmD.histeacherseesthefilm答案1.A2.C3.C4.A5.B6.B请同学们特别注意以下句子：它们的特点是疑问代词既引导词又做宾语从句的主语，本身为陈述语序，故语序无须改变1.Whathappenedtoyourfather?2.What’swrongwithJack?Heasked.A.what’sthewrongwithyourcomputer?B.whatwasthewrongwithyourcomputer?C.whatyourcomputerwaswrongwith?D.whatyourcomputeriswrongwith?答案C三、宾语从句和主句时态的呼应宾语从句的时态必须与主句的时态保持一致。1.如果主句是现在时态,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句可根据需要选用任何适合的时态;2.若主句是过去时态,从句必须选用_过去_时态的某种形式,如_一般过去时,__过去进行时,_过去完成时,__过去将来时。3.但需要注意的是,如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,尽管主句为过去时态,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,必须用_一般现在时,请记住:1.光传播的速度比声音快。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.2.地球绕着太阳转。Theearthmoves/goes/turnsaroundthesun.3.太阳从东方升起。Thesunrisesintheeast.4.地球是圆的。Theearthisround.特别注意Couldyoutellme?Wouldyouplease…?只表示_委婉语气，不表示__过去时。1.Couldyoupleasetellme______?It’snexttothepostoffice.A.whereisthesupermarketB.wherethesupermarketisC.wherewasthesupermarketD.wherethesupermarketwas2.Doyouknow______thistimeyesterday?A.whatsheiscookingB.whatisshecookingC.whatshewascookingD.whatwasshecooking3.Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit______?A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.hasbeenbuilt4.WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting?HesaidthatI______better.A.candoB.amC.willdoD.coulddo5.Couldyouletmeknow_____yesterday?Becausethetrafficwasheavy.A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelateD.whyyoucomelate6.Theteachersaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.A.travelB.travelsC.traveledD.hastraveled答案1.B2.C3.B4.D5.B6.B四、宾语从句与状语从句的综合考查当if和when等用来引导条件状语从句和时间状语从句,主句的谓语动词为一般将来时时,从句中的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。当if和when用来引导宾语从句时,如果主句是现在时或将来时,从句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时表示将来。例如:1.—Iwanttoknowwhen______haveafieldtrip.—We’llhaveitwhenallthework______.A.youare;willfinishB.youwill;finishesC.youwill;isfinishedD.youwill;isfinish2.—DoyouknowwhenDrWhite______fordinnerthisevening?—No,butIthinkhe______whenheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcome3.Idon’tknowifit______tomorrow.Ifit______,Iwillstayathome.A.willrain;rainsB.rains;willrainC.willrain;willrainD.rains,rains答案1.C2.B3.A宾语从句强化练习1.一Excuseme,canyoutellme__________?一Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.WhynotsearchtheInternetforinformation?A.howdoessmogcomeintobeing B.wherethenationalspacestationliesC.whyaretigersbecomingfewernowD.howmanyyearsdidtheQinempirelast2.—Doyouknow__________yesterday?—Yes.Hewentfortheboatrace.A.whydidn’tPetergotoschool B.whydoesn’tPetergotoschoolC.whyPeterdidn’tgotoschool D.whyPeterdoesn’tgotoschool3.Idon’tknow__________.A.whatthepopulationofTianshuiis B.whatisthepopulationofTianshuiC.howmuchisthepopulationofTianshuiD.howmanythepopulationinTianshuiare4.—Excuseme,howlongwillittakemetogettothepostoffice?—Well,itdependson__________A.howyouwillgetthere B.whenyouwillgetthereC.whereyouwillget D.howwillyougetthere5.—Doyouknow__________nextFriday,Lily?—Ifitdoesn’train,wewill.A.ifwewilltakeafieldtripB.willwetakeafieldtripC.whywewilltakeafieldtrip6.—Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme__________?—Sure.Goalongthisstreetandturnleft.It’sonyourright.A.whenIcangettothebookstore B.whencanIgettothebookstoreC.howIcangettothebookstore D.howcanIgettothebookstore7.Mr.Jacksonhasn’tdecided__________thisweekend.A.wherehewillhaveapicnicB.wherewillhehaveapicnicC.wherehehadapicnicD.wheredidhehaveapicnic8.—Doyouknow__________Anngoestoworkeveryday?—Usuallybyunderground.A.why B.how C.when D.whether9.—Doyouknow__________?—Yes.ItwillbehostedbyLosAngeles.A.howwillhethe2028OlympicGamesB.whichcitywillhostthe2028OlympicGamesC.whenwillbethenextOlympicGamesD.wherewillbethenextOlympicGames10.Couldyoupleasetellme__________?A.howcanImakethemlaughB.howIcanmakethemtolaughC.howIcanmakethemlaughD.howcanImakethemtolaugh11.—Couldyoutellme__________?—Look!Heisplayingvolleyballoverthere.A.whatisTomdoing B.howTomdiditC.whereTomis D.whyTomisdoingit12.—LiMing,doyouknow__________?—Yes.HecomesfromCanada.A.WheredoesournewEnglishteachercomefromB.WhereournewEnglishteachercomesfromC.WheredidournewEnglishteachercomefrom13.—Couldyoupleasetellme__________?—Fortwoweeks.A.howsoonhewillbebackB.howlonghewillbeawayC.howlongwillhebeaway14.Couldyoupleasetellme__________?A.howoldareyouB.whenhewillcomebackC.whereishefrom15.Couldyoutellme__________byChatGPT?A.whatcanwedo B.whatwecando C.whatdowedo16.—Doyouknow__________the33rdOlympicGamesbegan?—OnJuly26th,2024.A.that B.when C.if D.where17.—DidAlicetellyou__________togettothestation?—Yes,shesaidwewouldmeetthereatten.A.how B.what C.when D.where18.Mom,haveyouseenmytoybear?Idon’tknow__________Ihaveleftit.A.why B.when C.how D.where19.—Couldyoupleasetellme__________“TheReader”?—Well,itisfunandteachesusalotofknowledge.A.howdopeoplelikeB.howpeoplelikedC.whydomanypeoplelikeD.whymanypeoplelike20.—Helen,couldyoutellme__________livinginthecountryside?—Perhapsnextweekend.A.whyyouwillvisitourgranny B.whenwillyouvisityourgrannyC.whenyouwillvisityourgranny 21.IwonderifcomeheretocelebratetheSpringFestivalintwoweeks.A.willtheyB.didtheyC.theywillD.theywould22.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme__________?—Well,there’soneonyourleft.A.whenthebankopens B.wherethebankisC.howfaristhebank D.howcanIgettothebank23.Father’sDayiscoming.I’mthinkingabout__________.A.whatpresentIgavehim B.wherewillwehaveabigmealC.ifIplannedapartyforhim D.howIwillgivehimasurprise24.Iwonder__________.A.iftheprogramReadersispopularB.howdoestheprogramReaderssucceedC.whendidtheprogramReadersbeginD.whetheristheprogramReaderspopular25.Canyoutellme_________?Togetpracticalskills.A.whatdoyoulearnaboutsafetyB.whendoyouhavetheartfestivalC.howyoubalanceyourstudiesandhobbiesD.whyyoulearncookingatschool26.—Excuseme,Iwonder__________.一Yes,it’snearthebookstore.A.wherewewillgofortheholidayB.ifthereisalostandfoundofficeC.whenshewillgivemeacallD.howwecangotoHongKong27.—Doyouknow__________toourschool?—Nextterm.A.whentheexchangestudentscameB.whendidtheexchangestudentscomeC.whentheexchangestudentswillcomeD.whenwilltheexchangestudentscome28.—Excuseme,doyouknow__________?—Onfoot.A.whatAlicecametodo B.whereAlicecamefromC.howAlicecamehere D.whoAlicecamewith29.—ThelightinBill’sofficeisstillon.Iwonder__________.—Maybeatmidnightagain.A.ifwillhestopworkingB.whyheworkssohardC.howlongwillheworkD.whenhewillstopworking30.—Boy,yourheadteacherhassetupaWeChatgroup.Couldyoutellme__________?—OK.I’llteachyou.It’ssoeasy.A.howIjoinitB.whyhesetsitupC.whatitisusedforD.whenitwassetup31.—Couldyoupleasetellme__________?—Sorry.Idon'tknow.YoumaysurftheInternet.A.whowroteJourneytotheWest B.isTomSawyerastoryfromEuropeChowhighisQomolangma D.theelephantisoneofThailand'ssymbols32.—Whatdidthemanageraskyouafterthemeeting?—Sheaskedme__________.A.whatIdofortheprojectlastweekB.ifcanIfinishtheworkontimeC.howdidIdealwiththeproblemD.whyIwaslateforthemeeting33.—Afterweenterthehighschool,wewillhavethecoursesaboutlifemanagement.Wecanchoosewhatwelike.Iwonder__________.—Physics.Iwanttostudyscienceinthefuture.A.whatchoosingcoursesisfor B.whatcoursesyouwanttotakeC.whatyouthinkofchoosingcourses34.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme__________theScienceMuseum?—Sure.Goalongthestreetandturnleft.It’snexttoBankofChina.A.whenIcangetto B.whencanIgetto C.howIcangetto D.howcanIget35.—Couldyoutellme__________?—Atnineo’clock,intenminutes.A.howwillheleave B.whenhehasleftC.whyheisleaving D.whenhewillleave36.—Judy,couldyoutellme__________theschoolbag.—Oh,yes.IboughtitinastoreontheInternet.A.wheredidyoubuyB.wherewillyoubuyC.whereyouboughtD.whereyouwillbuy37.—Iwonder__________.—Underthetree,Iguess.A.wherewillUncleLiangparkhiscar B.whereUncleLiangwillparkhiscarC.howUncleLiangwillparkhiscar38.—Ann,couldyoutellme__________yesterday?—Oh,Iwenttothesupermarketforshoppingnearmyhome.A.wheredidyougoB.whenyouwentC.whoyouwillgowithD.whereyouwent39.—Doyouknow__________atthistimelastnight?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.whatsheisdoingB.whatshewasdoingC.whatisshedoingD.whatwasshedoing40.—WecanuseVQRcodetofindinformationonthecellphonenow.—Really?Canyoushowme__________it?A.howIcanuseB.howcanIuseC.whycanIuse D.whatIcanuse41.—Couldyoutellme__________?—Sure.Astorybook.A.whendidyourfriendgiveittoyouB.whatdidyourfriendgiveyouC.howyourfriendgottothesupermarketD.whatyourfriendgaveyou42.—Ican'tsee__________ontheblackboard.MayIborrowyournotebook?—Sure.A.whatourteacherwrote B.whatdidourteacherwriteC.whyourteacherwrote D.howdidourteacherwrite43.—Couldyoutellme_________