中考专练之阅读理解篇

中考专练之阅读理解篇一、阅读理解（共5小题，满分10分）阅读短文，根据要求完成1-5小题。Moreandmorepeoplelikebicyclinganditisnosurprise.It’sfun,healthyandgoodfortheenvironment.Maybethat’swhytherearemoreandmorebicyclesonroadsworldwidetoday.Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!However,twocenturiesago,whenbicycleswerefirstinvented,theywereusedonlyfortransportation.Intheeighteenthcentury,peopleusuallytraveledbyhorseandwagon(马车).In1817,anearly“bicycle”wasmadeinGermany.Itsframe(车架)wasmadeofwood.Itdidn’thaveanypedals(踏板).Peoplehadtopushwiththeirfeet.Inthe1830s,thefirstbicyclewasinvented.Pedalsweremadeforthebicycle.Inthe1860,FrenchmanPierreMiehauxandhissongavethebicycleanewlook.In1867,theybroughtthebicycletotheworldExpo(世博会).Sincethen,thebicyclewasmoreandmorepopularinEurope.Inthe1870s,thefrontwheelwasmuchlargerthanthebackone.Thismadeitveryhardtoride.Itwasalsoveryexpensive.Inthe1890s,bicycleswithsame—sizedwheelscameoutinNorthAmericaandWesternEurope.Theyweremuchsafer,cheaperandmorecomfortable.InChinatherearesharedbikesontheroads.Theyhavesavedusalotoftimeduringemergencysituations,andonbeautiful,cleardays.However,bicyclingisnoteasyinourcity.Therearenobicyclelanes(车道),andbikershavetotravelnexttocarsincarlanes.1．Fromthepassage,weknowthatbicyclingisbecomingmoreandmore________.A．surprisingB．popularC．excitingD．Boring2．Whenyouareridingyourbicyclearound,youmay________.A．enjoysomebeautifultimeB．pollutetheenvironmentaroundC．goeverywhereandusealittleoilD．A,BandC3．Howdidpeopleusuallytravelintheeighteenthcentury?A．Onfoot.B．Bybicycle.C．Byhorseandwagon.D．Bybus4．Whendidthebicyclebecomesafer,cheaperandmorecomfortable?A．Inthe1830s.B．Inthe1870s.C．Inthe1890s.D．Inthe1810s.5．Fromthepassagewecanknowthat________.A．peopleinEuropeusemorebicyclesB．thebikesinChinatodayareextremelysimpleC．it’sdifficulttorideabikeinourcitywithoutbicyclelanesD．InChinatherearen’tsharedbikesontheroads参考答案：1．B2．A3．C4．C5．C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自行车备受人们青睐的原因，以及骑自行车对我们有哪些益处。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Maybethat’swhytherearemoreandmorebicyclesonroadsworldwidetoday.”可知，越来越多的自行车出现在路上，所以自行车越来越受欢迎。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!”可知，骑自行车可以去任何地方，并且不需要油。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Intheeighteenthcentury,peopleusuallytraveledbyhorseandwagon.”可知，18世纪，人们都乘马车去旅行。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inthe1890s…Theyweremuchsafer,cheaperandmorecomfortable.”可知，在19世纪90年代，自行车变得更安全、便宜、舒适。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However,bicyclingisnoteasyinourcity.Therearenobicyclelanes,andbikershavetotravelnexttocarsincarlanes.”可知，在我们城市里没有自行车道，骑自行车是很难的。故选C。二、阅读理解（共5小题，满分10分）阅读短文，根据要求完成1-5小题。Itisaconvenientkindoftransportation.Itisalsogreatexercise.Anditmakesahealthylifestyle.Doyouknowwhatitis?Yes,wearetalkingaboutbiking.Mostofusknowthatbikingisacleanandcheapwaytogetaroundacity.Itnotonlyreducestrafficproblemsandpollution,butitisalsogoodforpeople’shealth.Inmanycountries,bike-friendlyfacilities(设施)aremakingpeople’slivesbetter.Intheworld’stopbike-friendlycity,Copenhagen,thecapitalcityofDenmark,trafficlightsinmaincrossingarealwaysgreenforbikeridersduringrushhours.Andwhenit’ssnowy,thesnowisclearedfromthebicycleroadsfirstandthencarroads.TheUShasaspecialdaytoencouragepeopletoridebikes.ItisBiketoWorkDayonMay20th.Tomakebikingeasy,thegovernmenthadbuiltover200bicycleroadsuntil2014.Now,inChina,youcanseesharedbikeseverywhere.Theyareplacedalloverthecountry.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplechoosetogotoworkbyridingsharedbikes.It’sveryconvenient,cheapandenvironmentallyfriendlyandlikedbymanypeople.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Trafficproblems.B．Abike-friendlycity.C．Biking.2．Whereistheworld’stopbike-friendlycity?A．InDenmark.B．InAmerica.C．InChina.3．Toprovideconvenienceforbikeriders,whatactiondoesCopenhagengovernmenttake?A．Cleaningthesnowonthebicycleroadsfirst.B．Namingthecitytheworld’stopbike-friendlycity.C．Keepingtrafficlightsinmaincrossinggreenallthetime.4．Whatdidn’ttheUSgovernmentdotoencouragepeopletoridebikes?A．Buildmorebicycleroads.B．Teachpeopletoridebikes.C．Create“BiketoWorkDay”.5．WhichofthestatementisTRUEaccordingthearticle?A．Bikeridingdoeshavelittlehelpforpollution.B．BikeridingisthemostpopulartransportationinChina,AmericaandDenmark.C．InChina,moreandmorepeoplelikeridingbikesbecauseit’sconvenient,cheapandenvironmentallyfriendly.参考答案：1．C2．A3．A4．B5．C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了自行车不仅是一种便利的交通工具，而且也能锻炼身体。世界上许多国家已经开始为骑自行车的人提供许多便利条件。1．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了自行车不仅是一种便利的交通工具，而且也能锻炼身体。世界上许多国家已经开始为骑自行车的人提供许多便利条件。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Intheworld’stopbike-friendlycity,Copenhagen,thecapitalcityofDenmark”可知世界顶尖自行车友好城市是丹麦的哥本哈根。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“Intheworld’stopbike-friendlycity,Copenhagen,thecapitalcityofDenmark,trafficlightsinmaincrossingarealwaysgreenforbikeridersduringrushhours.Andwhenit’ssnowy,thesnowisclearedfromthebicycleroadsfirstandthencarroads.”可知为了给骑自行车的人提供便利，哥本哈根政府先清理自行车道上的积雪。故选A。4．细节理解题。根据“TheUShasaspecialdaytoencouragepeopletoridebikes.ItisBiketoWorkDayonMay20th.Tomakebikingeasy,thegovernmenthadbuiltover200bicycleroadsuntil2014.”可知为鼓励人们骑自行车，美国政府设立骑车上班日并建设更多自行车车道，并没有教人们骑自行车。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据“Now,inChina,youcanseesharedbikeseverywhere....It’sveryconvenient,cheapandenvironmentallyfriendlyandlikedbymanypeople.”可知在中国，越来越多的人喜欢骑自行车，因为它方便、便宜和环保。故选C。三、阅读理解（共5小题，满分10分）阅读短文，根据要求完成1-5小题。Peopleuselanguagestocommunicate.Anylanguagehasitswaystoexpresspeople’sminds.Oneofthewaysincommonistheuseofidioms(习语).Anidiomisagroupofwords.Ithasaspecialmeaningthatisdifferentfromtheusualmeaning.Forexample,undertheweatherisanidiommeaningill.Sowhenpeoplesay“I’mundertheweather”,theyaresayingthatthey’renotfeelingwell.Anotherexample,inallweathersmeansinallkindsofweather.So,“Therearehomelesspeoplesleepingonthestreetsinallweathers”tellsusthathomelesspeoplesleeponthestreetsnomatterwhetheritiscoldorhot.Differentlanguagesmayhavedifferentwaystomakeidioms.Forpeoplewhoarelearningaforeignlanguage,idiomscouldcausemisunderstandingandbringthemendlessheadaches.Ontheotherhand,ifthingsaredoneright,idiomscanalsobeafunwayoflookingintoanewcultureandunderstandinghowthepeoplethinkandtalk.Metaphorisoftenusedinidioms.Let’sreadthefollowingtwoexamples:►Itmakesmybloodboilwhenpeoplelitter.►Thenightwasdarkandquiet;mybloodrancoldwhenIheardastrangenoiseoutsideatdarknight.Inneithersituationabove,ourbloodcanreachthepointsohighorsolowintemperature.Yet,withthesituationsthetwosentencescreate,itisnotdifficulttoworkouttheunhappyfeelingsofreallyangryinthefirstexampleandveryafraidinthesecond.Ofcourse,notallidiomsarethiseasytounderstand.Whenwemeetidiomsofaforeignlanguage,agooddictionaryofidiomsisalwayssuggested.1．InParagraph1,thewritergivestwoexamplesundertheweatherandinallweatherstoshow____________.A．learningidiomsisfunnyB．idiomsmaybringheadachesC．unusualmeaningsofidioms2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Metaphor”meaninChinese?A．拟人B．比喻C．排比3．Ifyourbrotherbreaksyourcomputer,youcansaytohim,“___________”A．I’mundertheweather.B．I’mthereinallweathers.C．You’vemademybloodboil.4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdiomsareonlyusedinEnglish.B．Metaphorisalwaysusedinidioms.C．Idiomscanhelpuslookintoanewculture.5．Whatisthewriter’sadvicewhenyoumeetanexpressionlikeundertheweather?A．Wearenotsupposedtobeafraidofit.B．Weshouldlookitupinagoodidiomdictionary.C．Weareexpectedtoasktheforeignersforhelp.参考答案：1．C2．B3．C4．C5．B【解析】【导语】本文介绍了一些外语学习中可能会遇到的习语。1．推理判断题。根据“Ithasaspecialmeaningthatisdifferentfromtheusualmeaning.Forexample...Anotherexample...”可知在第一段中，作者给出这两个习语的例子是为了说明习语的特殊含义。故选C。2．词句猜测题。根据“Inneithersituationabove,ourbloodcanreachthepointsohighorsolowintemperature.Yet,withthesituationsthetwosentencescreate,itisnotdifficulttoworkouttheunhappyfeelingsofreallyangryinthefirstexampleandveryafraidinthesecond.”可知洗浴中使用了比喻修辞，“Metaphor”意为“比喻”。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据“Itmakesmybloodboilwhenpeoplelitter.”及“itisnotdifficulttoworkouttheunhappyfeelingsofreallyangryinthefirstexample”可知makemybloodboil形容人在生气时的不愉快情绪，所以当你的哥哥弄坏你的电脑时，你一定是生气的，可以用“You’vemademybloodboil.”。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“Ontheotherhand,ifthingsaredoneright,idiomscanalsobeafunwayoflookingintoanewcultureandunderstandinghowthepeoplethinkandtalk.”可知习语可以帮助我们了解一种新文化。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据“Whenwemeetidiomsofaforeignlanguage,agooddictionaryofidiomsisalwayssuggested.”可知当你遇到像“undertheweather”这样的表达时，作者的建议是查一本好的成语词典。故选B。四、阅读理解（共4小题，满分8分）阅读短文，根据要求完成1-4小题。Animalsareourfriends.Sometimestheymaketrouble,butsometimestheycanhelpus.Andtheyhopetoliveahappylife,too.Herearetworealstoriesfromourreaders.ThefirststoryisfromRay.“Mycat,Tiger,hatesitwhenIusemyiPadbecauseittakesmyattentionawayfromhim.Oneyear,Ihadafallathomeandwasonthefloorfor16hours.Duringthistime,Iwasunabletomoveandcouldn’tgettothephonetocallforhelp.Tigerstayedbymysideuntilhedisappearedundermybed.‘What’sheupto?’Iwondered.Tomysurprise,hestartedtopushsomethingtowardsme.ItwasmyiPad,whichIdidn’trealizehadfallenoffthebedandontothefloor.Heprobablydidn’tknowwhatitwas,butheknewthatitmademehappy.ThankstoTiger,Iwasabletocommunicatewithmyfriend,Becky,whothentoldmydoctor.”ThesecondstoryisfromColin.“Yearsago,myfriendJuliussavedabird—awild‘Mom’cockatoo（鹦鹉）fromthesideoftheroadandkeptitasapetinabigcage(笼子).Itlostoneofherwings,soshewasunabletoreturntothewild.Soon,twowildcockatooscamevisitingandone‘Dad’birdwantedtofindhiswayintothecage.The‘Mom’cockatoointhecagewassoonexpecting.Butasshecouldn’tfly,‘Dad’cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree,keepingoffeveryonewhogotcloseto‘Mom’cockatoo.‘Baby’cockatoowouldspendhisdaysflyingoffwithhisdad,leavinghismombehind.Shewouldsitandwaituntiltheyreturnedhomeeachafternoon.Thefamilystayedtogetherhappily.”Afterreadingthestories,don’tyouthinkweshouldgetalongwellwithanimals?Nomattertheyareourpetsorliveinthewild,theyhavetheirfeelings.Weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld.1．________istheownerofthecat.A．BeckyB．JuliusC．ColinD．Ray2．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referstothe________.A．phoneB．catC．iPadD．Bed3．“Mom”cockatoodidn’treturntothewildbecause________.A．JuliuscaughtitasapetB．shewasbadlyhurtandcouldn’tflyC．shepreferredthelifeinthecageD．”Dad”cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree4．Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.A．Ray,BeckyandColinareanimalloversB．weshouldn’tuseiPadtoomuchC．friendsshouldhelpeachotherD．weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld参考答案：1．D2．C3．B4．D【解析】【导语】本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们：动物是人类的朋友，要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThefirststoryisfromRay.‘Mycat,Tiger,hatesitwhenIusemyiPadbecauseittakesmyattentionawayfromhim…’”可知，Ray是猫的主人。故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“ItwasmyiPad,whichIdidn’trealizehadfallenoffthebedandontothefloor.Heprobablydidn’tknowwhatitwas,butheknewthatitmademehappy.”可推测此处“it”指的是“平板电脑”。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Itlostoneofherwings,soshewasunabletoreturntothewild.”可知，因为失去了一只翅膀，受伤而不能飞，所以她无法回到野外。故选B。4．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们：动物是人类的朋友，要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。故选D。五、阅读理解（共4小题，满分8分）阅读短文，根据要求完成1-4小题。Haveyoueverheardaboutorreadabout“WHO”,shortfor“WorldHealthOrganization”,whichissettoprotectinternationalpublichealth.Theorganizationisgivenmoneymainlybyits194memberstates.Somebigcountriespaymore.TheUSisitsgreatestsupporterinmoneyandChinaisthesecondlargest.However,onApril14,USPresidentDonaldTrumpsaidhewouldendsupportingtheWHO.Hesaidit“missedthecall”,meaningthattoomanymonthshaspassedbeforeittookanyaction.HeaddedthatWHOwastoo“China-centric”ToanswerwhattheUSpresidentsaid,UNSecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterrestalkedabouttheimportanceoftheWHOduringtheCOVID-19pandemic（疫情）.HepointedoutthatthousandsofWHOworkersarefightingtheillnessonthefrontlines.Infact,theWHOleadstheworldinallareasinfightingCOVID-19.Forexample,ithassent55milliontestkits（试剂盒）to120countries.Andunderitslead,groupsofscientistsareworkingontheresearchingofvaccines（疫苗）.TheWHOalsocontinuestoletpeopleknowthenewestsituationaboutthepandemic.Mostimportantly,theWHOneverstopstocallonallthecountriestofighttogether.“Nowitisthetimeforteamwork,forallthecountriestoworkasonetostopthisvirus,”Guterressaidtotheintentionalsociety.1．Trumpused“missedthecall”tosaythat________.A．WHOdidn’tanswerthecallfromthepresidentB．thepresidentmissedacallfromWHOC．WHOneverstopstocallonallthecountriestofighttogetherD．WHOdidn’ttakeactionearlyenough2．WhichofthefollowingisdonebyWHO?a.ThousandsofWHOworkersarefightingtheillness.b.Ithassent1.5thousandtestkitstoseveralcountries.c.ScientistsledbyWHOaredoingresearchingworkonvaccines.d.Itcontinuestoletpeopleknowthenewestsituationofthepandemic.e.Ithasalreadymadepeoplefromallovertheworldworktogetherinthepandemic.A．acdB．AdeC．bedD．Bde3．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanweprobablyreadthepassage?A．EducationalIdeasB．ScientificDiscoveryC．ForeignBusinessD．InternationalSociety4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheinfluenceoftheUSonWHO.B．WHO’sroleinthepandemic.C．Theimportanceofworkingtogether.D．ThesupportWHOhasreceived.参考答案：1．D2．A3．D4．B【解析】【导语】本文讲述特朗普宣布美国不再支持世卫组织，原因是他认为世卫组织没有及时采取行动。事实上，世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒，告诉我们要共同合作，共同抗击病毒。1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hesaidit‘missedthecall’meaningthattoomanymonthshaspassedbeforeittookanyaction”可知，特朗普这样说是因为他认为世卫组织没有及时采取行动。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第四段“HepointedoutthatthousandsofWHOworkersarefightingtheillnessonthefrontlines”，第五段“Andunderitslead,groupsofscientistsareworkingontheresearchingofvaccines”和最后一段“TheWHOalsocontinuestoletpeopleknowthenewestsituationaboutthepandemic”可知，世卫组织的数千名工作人员正在第一线与疾病作斗争，在它的领导下科学家正在研究疫苗，并且世卫组织还继续让人们了解疫情的最新情况。acd符合。故选A。3．推理判断题。文章讲述特朗普宣布美国不再支持世卫组织，介绍事实上世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒。可推测最有可能在国际社会版面读到这篇文章。故选D。4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒，告诉我们要共同合作，共同抗击病毒。B项“世卫组织在疫情中的作用”符合主题。故选B。六、阅读理解（共4小题，满分8分）阅读短文，根据要求完成1-4小题。Tomostpeople,soilisjustdirt.Butsoilismuchmorethanthis.Therearefourmainthingsthatmakeupsoil—air,water,organicmaterialandinorganicmaterial.Soilisalsohometomanydifferentanimalsanditiswhereplantsgrow.Organicmaterialareplantandanimalmatterthathasdecayed(腐坏)andbecomeshumus.Inorganicmaterialdoesnotcomefromplantoranimalmatter.Itincludesthingssuchassand,clayandminerals(矿物质).Allthesethingsarenecessarytomakesoil.Youcanlearnwhatsoilismadeoffromthefollowingpicture.Thereisoneotherthingthatsoilmusthave.Soilmusthavebacteria(细菌).Bacteriaaretinylivingthingsthathelptobreakdownorganicmatter.Theyturntheorganicmatterintousefulmaterialsthathelpmakethesoilrich.Besidesbacteria,soil’sbesthelpersareearthworms.Wormsmakestunnelsthathelpwaterandairgetintothesoil.Theyalsobreakuphardsoilandmixorganicmaterialandmineralsaroundinit.Animalssuchasbeetlesandsnailsmayliveinthesoil,too,Differentareashavesoilindifferentcolors.Thecolorofsoildependsonthreethings:Theamountofironinit;theamountofhumus;and