Unit 2 Natural disasters Grammar and usage 课件 高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册

Unit2NaturaldisastersGrammarandusageTo-infinitives不定式Grammarandusage1.Totalktoafriendopenlyandsincerelyisveryimportantwhensomethingunpleasanthappens.2.Herefusedtoofferthisschoolmoneyandbooks.3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.4.HeinvitedmetogiveaspeechonChinesehistory.

Readthesentencesbelowandfigureoutthefunctionsofto-infinitives.subject主语object宾语predicative表语objectcomplement

宾补conclusion:不定式可以构成句子的基本成分，充当主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语5.Vinnyisthefirstdisabledpersontosailaroundtheworld.6.Togetthereontime,Itookataxiinsteadofabus.7.Heopenedthedoor,onlytofindtwostrangersoutside.attributive定语adverbialofpurpose目的状语adverbialofresult结果状语Review一．不定式做主语

动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用_____（1）把不定式置于_________。如：a)Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.b)Nevertomakemistakesisimpossible.(2)用it作形式主语①It＋be＋名词＋todo

It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②It＋be＋形容词＋forsb＋todo(difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary)

Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.单数句首思考：it作形式主语的句型有哪些？③It＋be＋形容词＋ofsb＋todo(careless,

clever,

good,

foolish,

honest,

kind,

lazy,

nice,

right

silly,

stupid

,wise)

Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.④Ittakessb+sometime+todo

Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?⑤Itseems(appears)＋形容词＋todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.

二.不定式作宾语

①只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有哪些？希望想要做决定，假装同意和答应，碰巧没能安排好，决心准备再提供，设法学会拒绝。

Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.hope,wish/expect/want/intend,decidepretend,agree,promisehappen,fail,arrange/plandetermine,prepare,offerrefuse,learn,manage②it做形式宾语S＋V＋it＋n/adj+(forsb)＋todo

常见动词______________________________a)We___________________________(认为学习一门外语很重要)aforeignlanguagewell.

b)Hefeels__________(这是他的责任)tohelpthepoor.③介词but,except,besides+todo/do

(有do无to，无do有to)Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.

find,think,believe,consider，feel等thinkitverysignificanttolearnithisduty三、不定式做表语

请找出表语部分①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.四、不定式作宾语补足语

(1)常见要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强迫），encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,askfor,carefor,callon,counton,dependon,waitfor,longfor（渴望）,preparefor,wishfor等。

①WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMary?②不允许你在此吸烟。______________________________________Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.五.作目的状语

常用短语：①Toprotectyourselffromatyphoon,followthepropersafetyprocedures.

②Duringatyphoon,youshoulddoyourbesttokeepyourhead.③Payattentiontonewsupdatessoastoconfirmwhetherthedangerisgone.“为了”inorder

to/soas

todoTo-infinitivesasattributivesandadverbialsofresultFindthesentenceswithto-infinitivesasattributivesandadverbialsofresultinpartAonp20.ExploringtherulesTo-infinitivesasattributivesIwasstayinginAtlanta,andthatwasoneofthecitiestobehit.Theroadswereblocked,sotherewasnothingformetodobutstayinside.Ihadenoughfoodandwatertolastawholeweek!Rule1Whentheto-infinitiveisusedasanattributive,itisoftenput

(before/after)thenounorpronounitmodifies.动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。并且与名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。afterTo-infinitivesasattributivesWhat

is

the

logical

relationship?1.Wendywasthefirstonetoarriveatschool.

名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语2.Ihaveameetingtoattend.名词或代词为不定式的逻辑宾语Thisisagoodtopicto_____________(谈论).

不及物动词，需加介词3.Sheexpressedawishtomakeachange.

名词与不定式是同位关系subject–verbverb–objecttalkaboutapposition3.Clintwasthesecondpersontosurviveintheearthquake.subject–verb1.Apersonneedsjustthreethingstobetrulyhappyintheworld—someonetolove,somethingtodoandsomethingtohopefor.2.Wisemenspeakbecausetheyhavesomethingtosay;foolsbecausetheyhavetosaysomething.verb–object4.Theneedtoloveandtobelovedisuniversal.5.Inordertogrow,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisksandtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymayfailatfirst.appositionPractice.verb–objectAnnaisinterviewingherteacher,MrLi,abouthisexperiencesduringahurricane.Findthesentenceswithto-infinitivesasattributives.ExploringtherulesTo-infinitivesasadverbialsofresultWhenthewindandrainstopped,Ilookedoutofthewindow,onlytoseehugetreeslyingacrossthestreetandwatereverywhere!Thatmorning,IturnedontheTVforsomelocalnews,onlytohearthatahurricanewasonitsway.Rule2Whentheto-infinitiveisusedasanadverbialofresult,itcanrefertoan__________(expected/unexpected)result.Inthiscase,weoftenuseonlybeforetheto-infinitive.To-infinitivesasadverbialsofresultunexpectedonlytodo,动词不定式常表示没有预料到的结果

To-infinitivesasadverbialofresult1.It’snevertoolatetolearn.

too...to...2.Iwasfortunateenoughtogettheticket.

...enoughto...3.Janesangsowellastocomeoutfirstinthesingingcompetition.

so...asto...4.Helefthome,nevertoreturn.

neverto...Practice11.我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。Ihurriedhome,_________________________________________________________.2.她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。

Sheissobeautiful__________________.3.这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。Theboxistooheavy___________________.4.不要逃避问题，要想成功，你得学会应对难题。Don’tavoidtheproblem.__________,youhavetotackleyourdifficulties.onlytofindallthefurniturehadbeenwashedastoattractallofusformetoevenmoveTosucceedawaybythefloodCompletethefollowingsentences.Task1:Matchthefirsthalfofthesentencesbelowwiththecorrectto-infinitives.Thentrytounderstandthefunctionsoftheto-infinitives.1.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshop2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeople

3.Theyarrivedattheairport4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneeded5.Thiswasthelastcityatobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.btoberepaired.ctostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.donlytofindtheflighthadbeencancelledduetothesnowstorm.etolearnsomesafetytips.adverbialofpurposeobjectcomplementadverbialofresultobjectattributiveApplyingtherulesTask2:BelowisAnna’sto-dolistfromyesterdayafternoon.Completethediaryentrybelowusingto-infinitives.ApplyingtherulestofindbooksabouthurricanestofindhewasnotinhisofficetoattendtomakePPTslidesformyprojectTask3:JimistalkingtohisfriendJulieabouthisexperienceaftertheearthquake.Inpairs,completetheconversationbelowusingto-infinitives.ApplyingtheruleswasactuallythefirsttoleavetokeepuswarmwantedtoreturnhomeassoonaspossibletofinditcompletelydestroyedadvisedustotakeanactivepartintherebuildingTask4:Rewritethepassage,usingto-infinitives.ApplyingtherulesThoughthecausesoffloodsareunavoidable,preparationsbefore,duringandafterafloodcanmakeadifference.Beforeafloodoccurs,wemustdosomethingthatcanreducetherisktopeopleandtheirvaluables.Firstly,youshouldpreparedisastersupplieslikealightsource,sleepingbags,andatleastthreedaysoffoodanddrinkingwater.Secondly,youshouldbringthemostimportantobjectstotheupperlevelsofyourhouse.Inthisway,theywillnotbewashedawaybytheflood.Duringaflood,it’simportantthatyoushouldleavewhereyouareimmediatelyandmovetohigherground.Don’twalkordrivethroughthemovingfloodwater,sinceaslittleas15centimetresofmovingwatercanknockanadultdownand60centimetrescanwashmostcarsaway.Afteraflood,listenforofficialnewsreportandfindoutwhenit’ssafetoreturntoyourhome.Asyoureturnhome,watchoutforpossibledangers.Keepawayfromthefloodwater.Itmaybepolluted,sodon’ttouchit.1.Beforeafloodoccurs,wemustdosomethingthatcanreducetherisktopeopleandtheirvaluables.Beforeafloodoccurs,wemustdosomethingtoreducetherisktopeopleandtheirvaluables.2.Firstly,youshouldpreparedisastersupplieslikealightsource,sleepingbags,andatleastthreedaysoffoodanddrinkingwater.Firstly,youshouldpreparedisastersupplieslikealightsource,sleepingbags,andfoodanddrinkingwatertolastatleastthreedays.rewritethesentenceswithto-infinitives.3.Secondly,youshouldbringthemostimportantobjectstotheupperlevelsofyourhouse.Inthisway,theywillnotbewashedawaybytheflood.Secondly,youshouldbringthemostimportantobjectstotheupperlevelsofyourhouse

toavoid

beingwashedawaybytheflood.4.Duringaflood,it’simportantthatyoushouldleavewhereyouareimmediatelyandmovetohighergroun