非谓语动词（解析版）-初升高英语专项提升

非谓语动词（初高考点差异及街接）

初中学到的非谓语动词，通常充当的是宾语或者宾语补足语的成分。因此更多的是记忆

初中要求

一些固定搭配。

掌握非谓语动词的作用和形式。主要掌握作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、

高中要求补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面，主

要考查用一般式还是用完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。

【初中非谓语动词考点聚焦】

考点一动词不定式的用法

IIhopetofind(find)agoodjobinaforeigncompanyafterIgraduatefromhighschool.

2Hefoundithardtocatchupwith(catchupwith)hisclassmates.

3Fatherasksmenottoplay(notplay)computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.

4AllthechildrenlikeMr.Whiteverymuchbecauseheoftenmakesthemlaugh(laugh).

5Lethimhave(have)arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.

6Wehavetworoomstolive(live)in,butIcan'tdecidewhichonetochoose(choose).

7.1wassurprisedbytheamazingviewsandopenedthewindow(take)photos.

答案totake本题考查动词不定式。此处指打开窗户拍照，应用动词不定式表示目的。

8.ThenIhadtogotothecountryanddosome“tests“(see)ifIcould“survive(挺过来)“indifferent

situations.

答案tosee考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，设空处为主句的一部分，主句中已有谓语，因此设空处应是非

谓语动词，由语境可知，此处使用动词不定式表目的，表示“去那个国家并且做一些测试,看看我能否在不同的

情况下挺过来”。因此答案为tosee。

考点二分词的用法

1一BobspeaksChinesequitewell.

一Sohedoes.Hepracticesspeaking(speak)Chineseeveryday.

2Before2024wewillfinishbuilding(build)theschool.

3Shesaidshedidn'tfeellikegoing(go)outwithyou.

4Theboystanding(stand)intheteacher5sofficewasfoundsmokingyesterday.

5.1muststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。

6.AmonthlaterIwenttoSpain.ASpanishteacher（call）Paulacameandbeganthetest.

答案called考查过去分词。设空处作后置定语修饰前面的名词teacher,这里的意思是“一名被叫做Paula

的西班牙语老师”，因此设空处为过去分词形式。答案为calledo

7.Themanagerofthestoresaystheenvironmentcanhelppeoplelearntodo"soul（灵魂）reading^^by

（provide）aprivateexperiencewitheachbookthatdrawsone'sattention.

答案providing本题考查非谓语动词。设空处前的by为介词，介词后要接动名词形式，故填providing。

8.Hespentover10years（旅行）widelyinChinaandtryingtounderstanditspeople.

答案traveUing/touring/tripping本题考查非谓语动词。spendtime（in）doingsth.花费时间做某事。

9.ForJapanese,eatingoutwastheirfavouriteactivityintheirfreetime.Andtheyalsolike（驾驶）

around.

答案driving/todrive本题考查非谓语动词。like后跟动名词或动词不定式，故填driving/todriveo

10.1droppedsomebreadandsoonitbegan（吃）.

答案toeat/eating本题考查非谓语动词。begintodo/doingsth.开始做某事。

【高中非谓语动词考点聚焦】

动宾关系产-如何判定

主谓关系7

=q考纲解读=

近几年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面，主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词;

作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面，主要考

查用一般式还是用完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。

=c、考点清单=

考点1非谓语动词作状语

1.不定式作状语

⑴原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。

（2）目的状语可与soasto/inorderto替换,但soasto一般不可置于句首。

（3）结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用onlytodo。

*1wassatisfiedtohearthenews.（原因状语）

*Tocatchthefirstbus,hegotupveryearly.（目的状语）

*1rushedtoschoolonlytofindnobodywasthere.（结果状语）

【点津】熟记不定式表结果的固定结构：

only/just...to...;too...to...;so/such...asto...;...enough（forsb.）to...

2.分词作状语

（l）v.-ing形式：作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。所表示的动作与句子主语之间

构成逻辑上的主动关系。

（2）v.-ed形式：

a.作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关

系。

b.源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用

being,常见的有：seated（坐着的），hidden（隐藏的），devoted（专注的），surprised/frightened/puzzledat/by（惊奇

于/害怕于/困惑于），lost/absorbedin（沉溺于），bomin（出身于），dressedin（穿着），tiredof（厌烦），facedwith（面

临）等。

*Notknowingwhattodo,Ihadtowaithere.

*Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter.

*Absorbedinreading,wealldidn'thearthesound.

"Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.

【点津】①把握分词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，区别现在分词与过去分词；②不定式作结果状语为主观

上意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果；③准确理解形容词化的过去

分词作状语的用法；④动词-ing形式的完成式havingdone表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，同

时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。

3.有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有：

generallyspeaking——般来说；franklyspeaking坦白地说;judgingfrom/by...根据...来判断；considering...

考虑到...;taking...intoconsideration考虑到;totellyouthetruth说实话；comparedto/with与

相比较；tobeginwith首先；seeing...鉴于/由于...;supposing假设，如果；assuming假使；given考

虑至也鉴于；provided/providing(that...)如果；concerning关于

4.独立主格结构

(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构

中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关

系；③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。

(2)独立主格结构的构成：

名词/代词+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。

*Muchworktodo(=Becausehehasmuchworktodo),hecan'tgotothecinemanow.

*Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),thepartywillbeheldinthegarden.

*A1Itheworkfinished(=Sincealltheworkwasfinished),hewentbackhomehappily.

*Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.

*Thelampon,hefellasleep.

*Theteachercamein,bookinhand.

赣经典例题

(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.

解题关键：根据语境可知此处是目的状语，应用动词不定式。

答案判定:Toenjoy

途轻松训练

1.(study)volcanoesformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialto

causegreatdamage.

2.Nervously(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords"Be

yourself'.

3.Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,(reflect)man'sintelligenceandcreativity.

4.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether(share)ameal,admire

themoonandenjoymooncakes.

5.(give)therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowinto

internationalstars.

6.Allofusweresurprised(see)astrangerwalkin.

1.Havingstudied2.facing3.reflecting4.toshare5.Given6.tosee

考点2非谓语动词作定语

结构形式功能

动词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中

-ing形式一般式的被动结构beingdone表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中

过去分词done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成

动词不定式todo表示将要发生的动作

动词不定式一般式的被动结构tobedone表示将要被做的动作

*Thatcanbealotmoreefficientthanpagesexplainingthedata.

*Theproblemdiscussedatlastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.

*Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.

*Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.

【点津】①准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；②准确判定非谓语动词表示

的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。

黠经典例题

Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

解题关键：根据语境可知，此处为后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，应用现在分词形

式。

答案判定：saying

途轻松训练

用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem(call)caffeinism.

2.Doyouhavetheability(read)andwriteinEnglish?

3.EarthDay,(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessabout

environmentalprotection.

4.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceed

academicallyandpersonally.

5.Whatwillyoudoifthepeople(sit)atthebackofthehallhavetroublehearingthespeech?

1.called2.toread3.marked4.designed5.sitting

考点3非谓语动词作补足语

1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)

后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)°do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing

表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。

*Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.

2.热点动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find等后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。

*1decidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftener.

3.固定短语，advise/allow/encourage/request/wamsb.todosth.等。

*OurEnglishteacheradvisesustopractisespeakingmoreafterclass.

4.with复合结构常用形式：

*Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.

*Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.

*Withthelittleboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyfindingthevillage.

黠经典例题

China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.

解题关键：根据语境可知，此处为“with+名词+补语”结构，且morecountries和recognize之间是主动关系,

应用现在分词作补语。

答案判定:recognizing

姿)轻松训练

用所给词的适当形式填空

1.1needanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take).

2.Withthehomework(do),thestudentscangotohaveapicnic.

3.InthedreamPetersawhimself(chase)byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.

4.Theentranceexaminationisdrawingnear,makingus(trap)inplentyofexercises.

5.InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeet(point)atanotherperson.

1.taken2.done3.chased4.trapped5.pointing

考点4非谓语动词作宾语

非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式：

1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语：suggest,imagine,include,mind,admit,practice,

allow,advise,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insist

on,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。

*1admitbreakingthewindow.

*It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?

2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,plan,

fail,choose,wouldlike等。

*IfIfailtoappearby7o'clock,Iwillnotbecomingatall.

3.既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语：remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,need,

start,begin,try等。

"Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.

*1rememberreadingabouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.

4.it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。

*1thinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.

黠经典例题

Butsomestudentsdidn'twant(wear)theuniform.

解题关键：根据语境可知，此处为“wanttodosth.”结构，应用不定式作want的宾语。

答案判定:towear

密轻松训练

I.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear"for(be)Britain'soldestfull-time

employee-stillworking40hoursaweek.

2.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.

3.1stillremember(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyears.

1.being2.tostay3.visiting

II.单句改错

4.Aboveall,Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolveanyproblem.

5.Ontheotherhand,wecanusethewaterwejustusedtowateringplants.

6.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.

4.(solve改为solving)5.(watering改为water)6.(wear改为wearing)

考点5非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他

1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。

(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做

的动作。

(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：

Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.;

Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.;

Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.;

Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.;

Ifsawasteoftimedoingsth.;

Itisimportant/necessary/impossibletodosth.等。

【点津】在语篇中，注意所填空前是否有it,并进一步判定是不是形式主语或形式宾语it,从而快速判定

所填空是否要用todo或doing的相应形式。

2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人

感到……的"，而动词-ed形式作表语意为“本身感到……的”。

*Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.

3.固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth.+but(to)dosth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do,but

后则无to,反之则有to的原则。

*Hedidnothingbutsavethechildwithouthesitation.

*Shehadnochoicebuttocryinfaceofthedifficulty.

4.非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

(1)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词以及worth等形容词的后面，动词-ing形式主动形式表

示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

*Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.

这房子需要修理。

⑵在某些“主语（人/物）+be+形容词+不定式”中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,

fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

*Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这道题很难计算出。

程经典例题

(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.

解题关键：根据句子结构可知，本句缺少主语成分，故用动名词作主语。

答案判定:Learning

态轻松训练

一.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake

(get)there.

2.Nowmydreamis(open)acafe.

3.(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

1.toget2.toopen3.Traveling

二.单句语法填空

1.(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

2.Heglancedoverather,(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.

3.Themanager,(make)itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.

4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'trisk(lose)thegoodopportunity.

5.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit(explain)oftenenough.

6.Wehavebeenawayforalongtime,asyouknow,soourroomneeds(clean).

7.Therearehundredsofvisitors(wait)infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh's

paintings.

8.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.

9.When(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithout

noticingthemanysimilarities.

10.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone(blame).

11.Fivepeoplewonthe“China'sGreenFigure^^award,atitle(give)toordinarypeoplefortheir

contributionstoenvironmentalprotection.

l.Dressed2.noting3.making4.1osing5.explained6.cleaning/tobecleaned?.waitings.accepting9.comparing10.to

blame11.given

三.单句改错

1.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthallovertheworld.

2.Getuplatenotonlyaffectsyourstudiesbutalsoisabadhabit.

3.Over1,000patientssufferedfromeyeproblemshavereceivedmedicaltreatment.

4.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedonbeingsendingwherehewasmostneeded.

5.Timepermitted,rilgooveralltheselessonsbeforetheexam.

6.Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.

7.Althoughheisstubborn,heisnotdifficulttogetalong.

8.Inthedistance,somelovelychildrenwereseenrideonthebacksofthecows.

9.Theydon'thavetheabilitytellrightfromwrong.

10.1foundthearticledifficulttoberead.

1.(working后力口to)2.(Get改为Getting)3.(suffered改为suffering)4.(sending改为sent)5.(permitted改为

permitting)6.(give改为giving)7.(在along后加with)8.(ride改为riding)9.(tell前加to)10.(去掉be)

四.语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(keep)adiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectivewaystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.

2.(compare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakeslesstime.Itcanhelpus3.

(develop)thehabitofthinkinginEnglish.4.wepersistinthispractice,graduallywe'll

learnhowtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmany5.

(difficult).Inthefirstplace,itoftenhappensthatwehavetrouble6.(find)appropriate

wordsandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsin

Chinese.Anditisextremelyhardforus7.(put)themintoEnglishproperly.

AsfarasI8.(concern),mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookanda

Chinese-Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanfirstputitdowninour

notebookandthenconsultourdictionary.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelpifnecessary.Inshort,

Ibelievethatitis9.greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishfor10.developmentofour

writingskills.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了用英语写日记是一种提高英语写作能力的有效方法，也可以帮

助我们养成用英语思考的习惯。另外谈及了可能会遇到的困难及其应对办法。

1.【解析】Keeping。考查非谓语动词。从句子结构可以看出，此处应用u-ing形式作主语表示泛指的动作。

句意：写英语日记是提高我们英语写作水平的有效途径之一。

2.【解析】Compared。考查非谓语动词。Compare与其逻辑主语it之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。句意：跟

其他写作形式相比，日记更短，并且花费的时间更少。

3.【解析】(to)develop。考查非谓语动词。helpsb.(to)dosth.结构中to可省略。句意：写日记还可以帮助我

们培养用英语思考的习惯。

4.【解析】If。考查状语从句的连接词。根据句式结构可知，此处填连词，结合句意可知填If。句意：如果

我们坚持写日记，渐渐地我们就会学会如何用英语表达我们的意思。

5.【解析】difficultieso考查词性转换(名词复数)。根据空前面的many可知，答案为名词的复数。句意：在

用英语写日记时，我们一定会遇到许多困难。

6.【解析】finding1,考查非谓语动词。havetrouble(in)doingsth.“做..有困难”。句意：首先，经常发生的

事是，我们很难找到恰如其分的词或短语来表达我们的思想。

7.【解析】toput0考查非谓语动词。it为形式主语，真正主语为todosth.。句意：我们很难正确地把它们

译成英语。

8.【解析】amconcernedo考查固定句式。asfarassb.beconcerned"就某人而言”。句意：就我而言，我的

建议是我们手边应该总是要有一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。

9.【解析】of。考查介词。“o计九”相当于名词对应的形容词。

10.【解析】the。考查冠词的特指。在名词前的空格处通常填限定词，结合语境可知填the。句意：总之，我

认为用英语写日记对于我们写作能力的培养是非常有用的。

五.用所给词的适当形式填空

Astudy1.(publish)inSeptembersuggeststhereisa2.(surprise)waytogetpeople

3.(avoid)unhealthyfoods:changetheirmemories.ScientistElizabethLoftusoftheUniversityof

CaliforniaatIrvineaskedvolunteers4.(answer)somequestionsontheirpersonalitiesandfood

experiences.1(Oneweeklater“Loftussays,"5.(feed)thepeople,wetoldthemtotypetheiranswersinto

oursmartcomputeranditcameupwithanaccountoftheirearlychildhoodexperiences.,,Someaccountsincluded

onekeyadditionaldetail.6.(tell)thattheyhadgotsickafter7.(eat)strawberryice-cream,the

researchersthenchangedthisdetailintoamanufactured(人为促成的)memorythrough8.(lead)

questions-Whowereyouwith?Howdidyoufeel?Bytheendofthestudy,upto41%ofthose9.(give)

afalsememorybelievedstrawberryice-creamoncemadethemsick,andmanysaidthey'davoid10.(eat)

it.

【答案】1.published2.surprising3.toavoid4.toanswer5.Havingfed6.Havingbeentold7.eating

8.1eading9.given10.eating

八

Nowadays,moreandmoreChineseareawareoffoodwasteissues.Evenyoungpeopletend1(take)

hometheirleftoverswhen2(dine)out,mostofwhomwouldpackthedishinadoggiebagiftheleftoversare

stillingoodshapeandtherearealsoalotleft,accordingtothesurvey3(conduct)byChinaYouthDaily.The

people4(bear)inthe1980sor1990sbelievethat5(save)foodisavirtue.

Youngpeoplealsogavetheiropinionsonhow6(help)reducefoodwaste.Someadvisedrestaurants

7_(offer)theservingchopsticks,whichwouldbehelpfulforcustomers8(pack)theleftovers.Otherssaidit

mightbeusefultopromotesmallerorhalf-portiondishes.Anothergoodsuggestionisthatcateringbusinessesgive

awaycoupons(优惠券)tocustomerswhocleartheirplatesatdinner.

Chinalaunchedacampaignagainstfoodwastein2013andrenewedthecallearlythisyear9(create)an

increasinglyprosperoussociety.Wecanallplayapartin10(reach)thenationalfoodwastereduction

goal-toreducefoodwasteby50%inthenext10years.

l.totake2.dining3.conducted4.born5.saving6.tohelp7.tooffer8.topack9.tocreate10.reaching

七

Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodway](test)

whetherhismenwerereliable.

Oneday,hehadahugerock2(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehidhimselfnearbyandwatched

carefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Somewealthybusinessmenandhighofficialscameby,but

theysimpl