膜制造与分离组件2讲课文档

膜制造与分离组件第一页，共71页。膜过程的驱动力压力驱动RO,NF，UF,MF其它过程-渗析（浓度差）电渗析（电位差）第二页，共71页。membrane进料透过浓缩压力驱动的膜过滤膜

MF

UF

NF

RO孔尺寸减小泵压力增加第三页，共71页。实验室膜制备实例高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).铸膜液制备：聚合物+有机溶剂(NMP,DMF,acetone等易与水互溶).添加其它助剂(pore-formersornon-solvents).凝固浴（主要用水和其它聚合物不良溶剂构成，通过相分离产生‘thepores’和‘themembranebody’)第四页，共71页。必需品PES聚合物NMP溶剂水玻璃片刮膜器

NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚第五页，共71页。PolySulfon(PS)PSinNMPsolution第六页，共71页。Cleaningglassplatesimportantglassplates第七页，共71页。FillingtheknifewithPSsolutionMembraneknife(0,2mm)第八页，共71页。Creatingamembranefilm第九页，共71页。Putslowlyinthewaterfor….Moveverygentlytoleft第十页，共71页。MembraneisfloatingaftercoagulationAftercoagulation第十一页，共71页。TakeofamembraneOutofthewater第十二页，共71页。Thephotooftheproducedmembrane第十三页，共71页。Makesheetsofitinamodule第十四页，共71页。Makeamoduleofit第十五页，共71页。Morethanonemembrane第十六页，共71页。SubmergeinaMBRtank第十七页，共71页。第十八页，共71页。膜结构PorousvsNonPorousHydrophilicvsHydrophobicPolymericvsInorganicHydrophilic亲水

Hydrophobic疏水第十九页，共71页。Porous…………NonPorous

Symmetric……AsymmetricDense(Nonporous)PorousSymmetricPorousasymmetricRO,NFUF,MFMFSkinSupport第二十页，共71页。PorousSymmetricMembranesNucleporeMembrane核径迹成孔CelluloseMembrane第二十一页，共71页。Symmetricmembrane第二十二页，共71页。AsymmetricMembranesDenseLayerPoroussupportFiberSupport第二十三页，共71页。Poresize第二十四页，共71页。Ceramicmembranepictures(CEM)第二十五页，共71页。Membranestructurestructure:symmetricasymmetric

shapes:flatsheettubular:tube (d>3mm)capillary (0.5<d<3.0mm)hollowfibre (d<0.5mm)第二十六页，共71页。ModuleshapesFlatSheetSpiralWoundTubularHollowFiberContainedvsSubmerged第二十七页，共71页。Flatsheetmodule第二十八页，共71页。PlateandFrameModuleUFPolyacrylonitrile(PAN)Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVF)Polysulfone(PS)SulfonatedPolysulfone(SPS)第二十九页，共71页。Tubularandcapillarymembranes

第三十页，共71页。Tubularmembranewww.vito.be第三十一页，共71页。Tubularmembranes(contained)第三十二页，共71页。HollowFiber(capillar)OutsideInVSInsideOutFromCatalogofToray第三十三页，共71页。Capillary8inchmodule第三十四页，共71页。Monolith(demo)InorganicMembranes-CeramicMF,UFRecentlyNF-Porousglass-Zirconium第三十五页，共71页。CeramictubesFlatsheets第三十六页，共71页。第三十七页，共71页。Spiral-WoundRO/NFModuleFlowINSpacerMembranePermeateConcentrate第三十八页，共71页。第三十九页，共71页。Youcanmakeyourownspiralwoundmoduletoday!!!TwoA4papersCottonsheetA4(ifavailable)ShearstocutGlueforpaperPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)第四十页，共71页。ReverseOsmose-installation第四十一页，共71页。+/-variousconfigurations第四十二页，共71页。Dead－endandCross－flowOperationmodes第四十三页，共71页。Membranefiltrationdead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeed第四十四页，共71页。MembranefiltrationcrossflowWastewaterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAirinjection第四十五页，共71页。Dead-endFiltrationtimeYieldCakeThickness第四十六页，共71页。Cross-flowfiltrationtimeCakeThicknessYield第四十七页，共71页。Semidead-endfiltration第四十八页，共71页。Cross-flowfiltrationAdvantages:turbulentflowcontinuousconcentratedischargecontrolofcake-layerbuild-upDisadvantages:morecomplexprocesslayouthigh(er)energyconsumptionhigh(er)investmentcost第四十九页，共71页。Cascadesinglepasssystem第五十页，共71页。Two-stagerecirculationsystem第五十一页，共71页。FoulingofmembranesFoulingReversiblefoulingIrreversiblefoulingBiofoulingPoreblockingScalingfoul

a.1.肮脏的,污浊的;2.恶臭的;(食物)腐败的;3.邪恶的,可恶的;4.下流的,恶语咒骂的;5.(天气等)恶劣的;(风)逆的;6.(比赛中)犯规的;7.(水管等)堵塞的;8.(绳索等)被缠住的ad.1.违反规则地;不正当地n.1.(比赛中)犯规[C][(+against/on)]vt.1.弄脏;污染;玷污;2.使堵塞;3.缠住;4.碰撞vi.1.腐败,腐烂;2.(管道等)堵塞[(+up)];3.(比赛中)犯规;4.(绳索等)缠结第五十二页，共71页。ResistanceModelI=ER1+R2+R3ER1R2R3IRmRcRgRpJvJv=DPm(Rc+Rg+Rp

+Rm)SeparationofresistancefactorstoCake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.第五十三页，共71页。RejectionbyUF/MFmembranesGlobularProteinLinearpolymerSolutePepsinCytochromeCPolydextranMW(kDa)3513100Rejection(%)90700PoroussupportSelectivemembraneskinGlobularproteinLinearmacromolecule第五十四页，共71页。CakelayerformationMembraneParticleColloid/proteinCake/foulinglayerFlowdirectionDrivingforce∆p第五十五页，共71页。FoulinginMF/UFDecreaseinfluxdueto:Pore-plugging,adsorptionandcake-layerformationNoconcentrationpolarizationofsalts

noscalingIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25µm).

Thisresultsinlowback-diffusionrates,fastcakelayerbuild-upandporeblocking

lowproduct-fluxes(1/10oftheCWF)Complexcakelayerstructure第五十六页，共71页。FoulinginNF/ROFoulingbehaviordiffersfromUF/MFdueto:Lowerfluxesandpresenceofsmallermoleculeshigherback-diffusionandingeneralnothickcakelayerformationChargedmembranesurfaces(ingeneralnegative)adsorptionofcolloidsandbiologicalmatterScaling(CaSO4,CaCO3)第五十七页，共71页。Foulingreduction/cleaningMembranepropertiesandmoduledesignOptimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)Cleaningregimehydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush©)chemicalcleaningrelaxationPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pH

adjustment)第五十八页，共71页。Backwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flow第五十九页，共71页。SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flowBackwash(=Backflush)第六十页，共71页。ForwardFlushproduction forwardflush第六十一页，共71页。BackFlushproduction forwardflush& backflushpermeate第六十二页，共71页。AirFlushAirFlush®bubbleflowslugflowannularflow第六十三页，共71页。ForwardFlushwithairflushproduction forwardflushwith airflush&backflush第六十四页，共71页。Membranefiltrationsemidead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeed第六十五页，共71页。Dead-endproduction-run