(英语)高考英语高中英语阅读理解(教育文化)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高考英语高中英语阅读理解(教育文化)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

It'sacommonbeliefthattherolesactorsplaymightsomehowreflecttheirtruepersonalities.It'susuallynottrue,butBritishactressPhoebeWaller-Bridge,34,isanexception.

JustlikeFleabag,thecharactersheplayedinthecomedy-dramaseriesofthesamename,Waller-Bridgefeelsthatherlifeisamess."It'sjustreallywonderfultoknowthatadirtyandmessedupwomancanmakeittotheEmmys,"shesaid.Shemaybe"messedup",butVarietymagazinecallsheran"all-aroundicon".

Lastmonth,Waller-BridgetookhomethreeEmmyawardsforherworkonFleabag—bestwritinginacomedyseries,bestleadactress,andbestcomedyseries.

Hersuccessispartlybecauseofherfamily.Waller-Bridgewasbroughtupinafreeenvironment.Hermotheralwaystoldher,"Youcanbewhateveryouwantifyouimagineit."SoWaller-Bridgebrokealltherulesaboutwhata"good"girlshoulddo."Ourlawsandmoralcodesdon'tapply—sheliveswithoutfearofconsequence,"TheSunnoted.

Thatfearlessnessextendstobeingauthentic(真实的)inherwritingandacting.Unlikethecan-doheroinesandstrong,successfulwomeninmanyTVdramas,Waller-Bridgeshowsaflawedbutrealcharacter.ThecharacterFleabagwasascrew-upwhoalwaysfoundawaytosayordothewrongthing."Itresonatedwiththelivesofstressed-outwomeneverywhereinreality—doingtheirbesttofindbalanceintheirlives,"aviewerwroteonUSmoviewebsite.

VillanelleinKillingEve,anotherhitTVseriesdevelopedbyWaller-Bridge,wasalittlebitviolentbutshowednointerestfortherulesotherscreated,whichmakemanypeopleseethemselvesinher.

"Peoplehavebeenscaredtowritecharacterslikethese.ButIthink,now,womenaresorelievedtohavethisnewtemplate(样板).And,aren'tweallabitofeverything?"Waller-BridgesaidinaninterviewwithIndianExpress.

Withsuchcourageandsincerity,Waller-Bridgeis,withoutadoubt,a"goldengirl"inHollywood,AustraliannewswebsiteTheNewDailycommented.（1）Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.WhathelpedWaller-Bridgesucceedincomedy.B.Thepopularityofthecomedy-dramaseriesFleabag.C.WhatinspiredWaller-Bridgetotakeupwritingandacting.D.ThesimilaritiesbetweenPhoebeWaller-BridgeandthecharactersheplaysonFleabag.（2）HowdidWaller-Bridge'sparentsinfluencehergrowth?A.Theypushedhertofollowsocialcodes.B.Theyconstantlyencouragedhertobeherself.C.Theyalwaysremindedhertobecuriousandfearless.D.Theytaughthertowriteandactwhenshewasyoung.（3）Theunderlinedphrase"resonatedwith"inParagraph7probablymeans"__________".A.messedupB.paidattentiontoC.hadgreateffectsonD.wasinagreementwith（4）WhatdoVillanelleinKillingEveandFleabaginFleabaghaveincommon?A.Botharecourageousandorganized.B.Botharemuchalikeincharacter.C.Bothsuccessfullyfindbalanceintheirlives.D.Botharerebelliousbutstrongandsuccessful.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了喜剧演员沃勒·布里奇，因其真诚的个性特点在喜剧上获得了成功，说明了勇于表达真实的自己更为人们欣赏。（1）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了喜剧演员沃勒·布里奇，因其真诚的个性特点在喜剧上获得了成功，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Hermotheralwaystoldher,‘Youcanbewhateveryouwantifyouimagineit.’SoWaller-Bridgebrokealltherulesaboutwhata‘good’girlshoulddo.”可知，她的父母不断鼓励她做自己想做的。故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第七段中的“ThecharacterFleabagwasascrew-upwhoalwaysfoundawaytosayordothewrongthing.”可知，沃勒·布里奇在剧中表演的角色总是说错话或做错事；以及“thelivesofstressed-outwomeneverywhereinreality—doingtheirbesttofindbalanceintheirlives”可知，生活中压力大的女性在平衡她们生活时，也总是会犯错。由此推测“resonatedwith”与“wasinagreementwith”有相近含义，可解释为“产生共鸣”。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“VillanelleinKillingEve,anotherhitTVseriesdevelopedbyWaller-Bridge,wasalittlebitviolentbutshowednointerestfortherulesotherscreated,whichmakemanypeopleseethemselvesinher.”可知，Villanelle有点暴力，对其他人创造的规则毫无兴趣；根据倒数第四段中的“ThecharacterFleabagwasascrew-upwhoalwaysfoundawaytosayordothewrongthing.”可知，Fleabag是个捣蛋鬼。两者的人物性格都有缺陷，有相似之处。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

InNewYorkCitypublicschools,176differentlanguagesarespokenamongthemorethan1millionstudents.For160,000children,Englishisnottheirfirstlanguage.NewYork'sDepartmentofEducationmakeslearningbetterforthesestudentsbyprovidingdual-language(双语)programmes.

Studentsaretaughtintwolanguages,Englishandanotherone,likeRussianorChinese.Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.

MiladyBaezisDeputyChancellorofEnglishLanguageLearnersandStudentSupport.Shesays,"Thejobsofthefuturerequirethatourstudentsknowmorethanonelanguage.Theyaregoingtobetravellingabroad;theyaregoingtobecommunicatingwithpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thiswillopendoorsforthem."

Middle-schoolersmightnothavejobsontheirmindsyet.ForKequingJaing,shelikeskeepingupherfirstlanguage,Mandarin."ItmakesmefeelthatIamhomebecauseIcanspeakinChineseandlearninChinese,whilelearninginEnglish.SoitmakesmefeelbetterandmakesmeunderstandmoreaboutthetaskI'mlearning.

AnastasiaHudikovacametotheUnitedStateswhenshewas2yearsold.ShesaystheRussian-Englishprogrammekeepsherconnectedtoherheritageandherparents.

TheNewYorkschoolsalsoofferdual-languageprogrammesinsevenotherlanguages:Arabic,French,HaitianCreole,Hebrew,Korean,PolishandSpanish.Thereareplanstoaddevenmorelanguagesinthefuture.Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.TheUSEnglishwantstomakeEnglishtheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedStates.（1）WhyaremanycoursesofpublicschoolsinNewYorkCitytaughtinbothlanguages?A.Togetthestudentstoknowtheculturesofothercountries.B.Toencouragemorestudentstogoabroadtostudyfurther.C.Toattractmorestudentstostudyinthepublicschools.D.Toshowtheadvantagesofstudyinginthepublicschools.（2）Howdoesthetextintroducethefactthatit'svitaltolearndifferentlanguages?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bylistingpeople'sattitudes.C.Byclarifyingthesituation.D.Bygivingsomenumbers.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.MorelanguageshavebeenaddedtotheNewYorkCityschools.B.It'sunnecessarytolearnmorelanguagesinNewYorkCity.C.Englishshouldbeamustthoughdifferentlanguagesaretaught.D.Englishisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.English,outofdate?B.ThenewestfashioninNewYorkCityC.TheeducationinNewYorkCityD.Dual-language,tobeornot?【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了纽约的公立学校在重视英语教学的同时,还强调双语教学的必要性。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.”可知,纽约公立学校的许多课程用双语教学的目的是让学生了解其他国家的文化风俗。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。本文通过列举多人的观点证明了学习多种语言的必要性。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.”可知,美国的教育学家认为尽管在学校双语教学很流行,但是英语的地位是不能动摇的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述了纽约的公立学校在重视英语教学的同时,强调双语教学的必要性，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhoyouwanttobeyourfriends.

Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindofthingstheydo.

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouarefriendlyandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayawayfromascaledorangrylooking.

Oneeasywaytostallaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn'titmakeyouwanttokeeptalkingtothatperson?

Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.Who'stheirfavouritesinger,wheredotheylive,whatdotheydoafterschoolareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.Makesureyouhavesomethingtoaddtotheconversation,too.Thensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforit.Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.

Kidswhoshowaninterestinotherkidsandwhoarekindandfriendlymakegoodfriends.Remember,everyonewantstobearoundpeoplewholiketodosimilarthingsandpeoplewhoarenicetothem.（1）Thispassagegivesussomeadviceon_______.A.

howtomakefriends

B.

whoyoucanmakefriendswithC.

howtostartaconversation

D.

theimportanceofsmile（2）Mostpeopleliketomakefriendswiththose________.A.

whoaresadeveryday

B.

whosharethesameinterestC.

whoarefondoftalking

D.

whosaybadthingstothem（3）Accordingtothethirdparagraph,mostpeopleenjoytalkingtoone__________.A.

whoisalwayssmiling

B.

whoseemstobefriendlyC.

whopraisesthem

D.

whopointsouttheirshortcomings（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthispassagemean?A.

Beingveryproud.

B.

Makingnoanswer.C.

Knowingnothing.

D.

Nothopingtoanswer.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在你交朋友之前，你必须决定你想成为谁的朋友，大部分人想要叫朋友都做同样的事情。作者介绍了如何交朋友．最快捷的方式是微笑，以赞美的方式开始话题，还要投其所好，这样的话才能交到更多的朋友。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.

“以及第四段中的"Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeone…"可知，本文讲述如何人交朋友，最快捷的方式是微笑，以赞美的方式开始话题，还要投其所好，这样才能交到更多的朋友，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"…dothesamekindsofthingstheydo"及最后一段中的"…dosimilarthings"可知，志趣相投的人容易成为朋友，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.

“和某人开始交谈的一个简单方法就是说他的好话。想一想,当某个人总是说你好话的时候,你感觉有多棒。可推知选C。（4）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的”Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.“

当你对别人的回答不屑时，谈话就会立刻结束。可知选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Thestorieswesharewithoneanotherareimportant.Theyshowwisdomandprovideinspiration.Theyareimportanttoourdevelopment.Butsometimespeoplechoosenottotell.

Considerthenegativeeffectsofnotsharingastoryinthenews:PeoplearewonderingifpublichealthofficialsareholdingbacktoomuchinformationabouttherecentoutbreakofEbola.

Thereisadangerinholdingbackstoriesthatoughttobetold.BobetteBustersaiditlikethis,"Thefactis,historyhasshownusthatstoriesnottoldcanbecomelikeadangerousgenie(妖怪)leftinabottle.Whentheyarefinallyuncorked,theirpowertodestroyissetfree."

Thereareanumberofreasonswhywehidepartsofourstory:theyoftenshowourweaknessesorexposeourdisadvantages;theyrequirecourageandstrengthtoshare;andofcourse,therearesomestoriesthatshouldbekeptsecret—especiallythosethatembarrasssomeoneelse.

Mostofushavetwoselves:theonewedisplayontheoutsideandtheoneweactuallyareontheinside.Andthebetterwegetathidingthestoriesthatshowourtrueselves,themoredamagewemaybecausingtoourselvesandtoothers.

Honestyandopennessisimportant:Itproveswearetrustworthy.Itdisplayswearehuman.Wearenotperfectorbetter.Ithighlightstheimportanceofhardworkandpersonaldevelopment.Hardworkmaynotallowustoovercomeourdisadvantagescompletely.Butwithhardwork,wedonothavetoberestrictedtoourmistakes.

Doesthismeanweadmiteveryweakness,everydisadvantage,andeverysecretregrettoeverybodywemeet?No,ofcoursenot.Thereisatimeandaplaceandacertainlevelofrelationshipnecessaryforsomestoriestobetoldinanappropriatemanner.（1）What'sthefunctionoftheexampleinParagraph2?A.ItreflectsthatpeopleareconcerningaboutthespreadofEbola.B.Itshowsthebadeffectcausedbysharingastory.C.Itprovesnotsharingastorycancausetrouble.D.Itconcludesthatoneshouldshareastoryatapropertime.（2）Oneofthereasonswhypeopleareunwillingtoshareexperiencesisthat_______.A.story-sharinghighlightstheimportanceofhardworkB.peopleareusedtoexposingtheirweaknessesC.peoplesometimeshavenocouragetosharetheirstoriesD.somestoriesmakethemselvesfeeluneasy（3）Whichiscloseinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"uncorked"inParagraph3?A.freedB.brokenC.unfoldedD.untouched（4）Thewriteraimstoconvinceusto_______.A.beopentopeopleclosetoyoubysharingsomesecretsB.sharestoriesappropriatelyforthegoodofothersandourselvesC.removethedangersthatcanbecausedbyuntoldstoriesD.realizetheimportanceofbeinghonestwhenmakingfriends【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者强调了分享自己故事的重要性，并且加以证明。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Considerthenegativeeffectsofnotsharingastoryinthenews”可知不分享故事会有消极的影响，并且举了例子来证明，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“theyrequirecourageandstrengthtoshare”可知他们需要勇气和力量分享，所以可推理出有人缺少勇气，故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Whentheyarefinallyuncorked,theirpowertodestroyissetfree.”当他们最终自由了，他们的破坏力就是自由，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，文章一直在写我们要分享自己的故事，才不会有太大的压力，所以作者旨在使我们相信适当的分享我们的故事，对我们自己和别人都好，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.

AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,"Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain."TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.

BostonUniversity'sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.

Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.

Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone'sriskofbecomingobese.What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜芦醇),acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.（1）Thepassageismainlyforthose___________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight（2）Theunderlinedphrase"inmoderation"inthefirstparagraphmeans___________.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD.properly（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.（4）Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究人员发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖，并且适量饮酒会防止人们得糖尿病。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.”可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖。全文都在叙述与之有关的研究，所以本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选B。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.”尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据连词while可知，上下文存在对比关系，inmoderation指适当的，有节制的，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.”可知，适量饮酒对于糖尿病有防护作用，也就是说适量饮酒的人不会患上糖尿病。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.”可知，一项研究说明葡萄和红酒中存在的resveratrol实际上可以破坏肥胖细胞，那么接下来就应该证明这一理论的正确性，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Organicfood(有机食品)isverypopular.Itisalsoexpensive.Someorganicfoodcoststwiceasmuchasnon­organicfood.Someparentsandpetownerspayupto200percentmorefororganicfoodwhilesomepeoplethinkorganicfoodisawasteofmoney.

Thereisonemaindifferencebetweenorganicandnonorganicfood.Organicfarmsdonotuseagriculturalchemicals,suchaspesticides(杀虫剂).Thismakessurethattheproductsarenatural.

Somepeoplethink"organic"means"locallygrown".Atthebeginning,thiswastrue.Overtimeorganicfarmingbecamemoredifficult.Thedemandfororganicfoodgrewlargerthanthesupply.Smallcompanieshadtosellouttolargecompanies.Thereweren'tenoughorganicmaterials.Thismadeitdifficultformanyorganiccompaniestostayinbusiness.Today,manylargecompanieshaveanorganiclineofproducts.

Isorganicfoodmorenutritious(有营养的)?Thisispartofthedebate.Manyfarmersandconsumers(消费者)believeitis.Theythinkagriculturalchemicalscausehealthproblems,suchascancer.Manyhealthexpertsdisagree.Fewstudiesprovethatorganicfoodpreventshealthproblems.Healthexpertsworrymoreaboutbacteria(细菌).Thesecancomeintocontactwithorganicandnon­organicfood.Doctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.

Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.Istastierfoodworththeextramoney?Thisisamatterofopinion.Whetheritishealthierornotmayrequiremoreresearch.However,organicconsumersargueitisbettertobesafethansorry.（1）Whatisprobablythemajorconcern(关注)oforganicfoodconsumers?A.Price.B.Safety.C.Freshness.D.Variety.（2）Whatisthedoctors'suggestion?A.Growyourownfood.B.Reducetheuseofpesticides.C.Makesurethefoodisclean.D.Buylargecompanies'products.（3）Whichofthefollowingdomostpeopleagreeonorganicfood?A.Ittastesbetter.B.Itiseasiertogrow.C.Itcontainsmorefat.D.Itismorenutritious.（4）Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Ahealthmagazine.B.Amedicalreport.C.Achemistrypaper.D.Amenuofarestaurant.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了人们在有机食物的价格，有机食物是否更有营养等方面持有不同的观点。（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However,organicconsumersargueitisbettertobesafethansorry.”可知，有机食品消费者们认为安全总比后悔好，所以愿意为了安全花更多的钱。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Doctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.”可知，医生建议要非常细心的清洗农产品。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.”可知，大多数人同意自然生长的食物（即有机食品）味道更好。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了有机食物的有关信息，并提到了人们对于其营养，价格等方面的不同意见，属于饮食、健康方面的文章。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Fairiestodayarethematerialof,children'sstories,littlemagicalpeoplewithwings,oftenshiningwithlight.Typicallyprettyandfemale,likeTinkerbellinPeterPan,theyusuallyusetheirmagictodosmallthingsandaremostlyfriendlytohumans.

Oneexplanationsuggeststheoriginoffairiesisamemoryofrealpeople.So,forexamplewhentribeswithmetalweaponsinvadedlandwherepeopleonlyusedstoneweaponssomeofthepeopleescapedandhidinforestsandcaves.Furthersupportforthisideaisthatfairieswerethoughttobeafraidofironandcouldnottouchit.Livingoutsideofsociety,thehidingpeopleprobablystolefoodandattackedvillages.Thismightexplainwhyfairieswereoftendescribedasplayingtricksonhumans.Hundredsofyearsago,peopleactuallybelievedthatfairiesstolenewbabiesandreplacedthemwitha"changeling"-afairybaby-orthattheytooknewmothersandmadethemfeedfairybabieswiththeirmilk.

Whilemostpeoplenolongerbelieveinfairies,onlyahundredyearsagosomepeoplewereverywillingtothinktheymightexist.In1917,16-year-oldElsieWrighttooktwophotosofhercousin,nine-year-oldFrancesGriffiths,sittingwithfairies.Somephotographyexpertsthoughttheywerenotreal,whileothersweren'tsure.ButArthurConanDoyle,thewriteroftheSherlockHolmesdetectivestories,believedtheywerereal.Hepublishedtheoriginalpictures,andthreemorethatthegirlstookforhim,inamagazinecalledTheStrand,in1920.Thegirlsonlyadmittedthephotoswerenotrealyearslaterin1983,andthattheycreatedthemusingpicturesofdancersthatElsiecopiedfromabook.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"thisidea"inParagraph2referto?A.

Fairiesusedstonetools.

B.

Fairiesusedmetalweapons.C.

Fairiesarebasedonrealpeople.

D.

Fairiesarefriendlytohumans.（2）Whywerefairiesoftendescribedasplayingtricksonhumans?A.

Fairieswereafraidofironandcouldnottouchit.B.

Fairiesstolenewbabiesandreplacedthemwithafairybaby.C.

Peoplewhoweredefeatedwouldescapeandhideintheforests.D.

Thehidingpeoplewouldprobablystealfoodandattackvillages.（3）Whothoughtthephotostakenin1917werereal?A.

ArthurConanDoyle.

B.

ElsieWright.C.

Mostphotographyexperts.

D.

ElsieWright'scousin.（4）Whichideawilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.

Whetherfairiesexistornotisuncertain.B.

Therearestillmanypeoplebelievinginfairies.C.

Childrenshouldnotbelieveinfairiesanylonger.D.

Theattitudepeopleholdtowardsfairieshaschanged.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对于“小精灵、小仙子”的原形的看法以及现在人们对于童话故事的认知。（1）考查词义猜测。第二段中的“Oneexplanationsuggeststheoriginoffairiesisamemoryofrealpeople.

”一种解释是小仙子起源于人们对一些真实人物的记忆，是段落中心句，讲述了人们对于“小仙子、小精灵”的一种认知；再结合“forexample”可知，这句话是举例证明首句中心句；“Furthersupport”进一步的支持点，可知，这句话还是进一步证明首句中心句的。所以thisidea就是指代“仙女是以真人为原型的”。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Livingoutsideofsociety,thehidingpeopleprobablystolefoodandattackedvillages.Thismightexplainwhyfairieswereoftendescribedasplayingtricksonhumans.”居住在远离社会的地方，这些隐藏起来的人可能偷食物和袭击村庄。这可能就解释了为什么仙子常常被描述为捉弄人类的形象。可知，仙子常常被描述为捉弄人类的形象是因为它们可能偷食物和袭击村庄。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ButArthurConanDoyle,thewriteroftheSherlockHolmesdetectivestories,believedtheywerereal.”但是ArthurConanDoyle，福尔摩斯侦探小说的作者，相信它们是真的，可知，ArthurConanDoyle相信ElsieWright拍的那两张照片是真的。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whilemostpeoplenolongerbelieveinfairies,onlyahundredyearsagosomepeoplewereverywillingtothinktheymightexist.“然而现在很多人不再相信小仙子了，只有一百多年前，一些人宁愿相信它们可能是存在的，可推知，人们对于通话中小仙子的态度已经发生了变化。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Foragenerationnow,schoolreformhasmeantwhatstudentsmustbetaughtandcarriedoutbystandardized(标准化的)tests.

Here'sathoughtexperiment.Supposethatnextyearalmosteverystudentpassedthetests.Whatwouldthereactionbefrompeople?Wouldtheyshaketheirheadsinrespectandsay,"Damn,thoseteachersmustbegood!"?

Ofcoursenot.Suchremarkablesuccesswouldbeusedasevidencethatthetestsweretooeasyanditneedstoraisestandards."Highstandards"reallymeans"standardsthatallstudentswillneverbeabletomeet".Mylittlethoughtexperimentuncoversatruththatwehavebeentaughttorespondwithdoubtwheneverallmembersofanygrouparesuccessful.InAmerica,successdoesn'tcountunlessitisgotbyonlyafew.

Considerwidespreadcomplaintsabout"gradeinflation(膨胀)"inhighereducation.Manypeopledon'tevenbothertostressthatgradeshaverisenovertime.TheysimplypointtohowmanystudentsgetA'srightnow.Thegoal,inotherwords,isn'ttodowellbuttodefeatotherpeoplewhoarealsotryingtodowell.Gradesintestingshouldbeusedtoannouncewho'sbeatingwhom.Aschool'sfinaltask,apparently,isnottohelpeveryonelearnbuttopreparethegamesothattherewillalwaysbelosers.

Thismakesnosenseinanysituation.Perhaps,forexample,wecandefendratingstatesornationsbasedonthequalityoftheirair,healthcareorschools,butrankingthemisfoolish.Schooltestingrankingdoesn'tleadtoimprovementsinperformancebuttendstoholdusbackfromdoingourbest.Itmakesproductiveteamworklesslikelyandleadsallconcernedtofocusnotonmeaningfulimprovementsbutontryingtobeateveryoneelse.

Mostofall,itencouragesthefalsebeliefthatexcellenceisazero-sumgame.Itwouldbemorereasonabletorescuethespiritoftheconcept:Everyonemaynotsucceed,butatleastintheoryallofuscould.（1）Whatdidthewriter'sthoughtexperimentprove?A.Goodteachersrepresenthighertestscores.B.Excellenceisregardedasararething.C.Americantestsareusuallytooeasy.D.Studentsdon'tmeettheteststandards.（2）WhatdoesthewriterthinkAmericanschoolsseemtodo?A.Promoteteacherstoteachbetter.B.Removethebeliefofbeatingothers.C.Helpallstudentsdowellatschool.D.Ensuretheexistenceoffailures.（3）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsschoolstesti