Unit5ReadingPlusTheHistoryofPizza知识点-人教版英语八年级上册

Unit5ReadingPlusTheHistoryofPizza知识点精讲精练重点词汇解析1.Doyouknowpizzaisoneofthemostpopularfastfoodsintheworld?你知道披萨是世界上最受欢迎的快餐之一吗？oneofthemostpopularfastfoods词义及用法“oneof+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，表示“……中最……之一”。用法要点主谓一致：当“oneof+the+最高级+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数（因为核心是“one”）。Oneofthetallestboysismybrother.（最高的男孩之一是我弟弟。）形容词最高级变化：单音节/部分双音节形容词：直接加“est”（如tall→tallest）；多音节形容词：前加“most”（如popular→mostpopular；important→mostimportant）。必须加“the”：形容词最高级前必须用定冠词“the”，不可省略。Englishisoneofthemostusefullanguagesintheworld.（英语是世界上最有用的语言之一。）BeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.（北京是中国最大的城市之一。）Swimmingisoneofthehealthiestsports.（游泳是最健康的运动之一。）即学即练：1.Pandasare______intheworld.A.oneofthemostlovelyanimalB.oneofthemostlovelyanimalsC.oneofmostlovelyanimalsD.oneofthelovelyanimals2.Thisis______Ihaveeverread.A.oneofthemostinterestingbookB.oneofmostinterestingbooksC.oneofthemostinterestingbooksD.oneoftheinterestingbooks3.Springis______inayear.A.oneofthebestseasonB.oneofthebestseasonsC.oneofbestseasonsD.oneofthegoodseasons4.______esfromChina.A.OneofthemostfamouspandasB.OneofthemostfamouspandaC.OneofmostfamouspandasD.Oneofthefamouspandas5.Runningis______forstudents.A.oneofthebestexerciseB.oneofthebestexercisesC.oneofbestexercisesD.oneofthegoodexercise2.Thousandsofyearsago,theGreeks,Italians,andPersiansstartedputtingvegetables,oil,cheese,andotherthingsonflatbread.几千年前，希腊人、意大利人和波斯人开始把蔬菜、油、奶酪和其他东西放在扁平的面包上。thousand词义及用法表示具体数量（数词用法）three...one,two,three...）时，用单数形式thousand，后接可数名词复数。结构：数字+thousand+可数名词复数Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool.（我们学校有2000名学生。）Heboughtfivethousandbooksforthelibrary.（他为图书馆买了5000本书。）表示不确定的“大量”（名词用法）前无具体数字，表“数千；许许多多”时，用复数形式thousands，后接of+可数名词复数。结构：thousandsof+可数名词复数（“成千上万的……”）Thousandsofbirdsetothislakeinwinter.（冬天有成千上万的鸟来到这个湖。）Shehasthousandsoffansaroundtheworld.（她在全世界有许许多多的粉丝。）与“数词+hundred/thousand/million”连用表示更大的数量时，hundred（百）、thousand（千）、million（百万）均用单数，按“从小到大”顺序排列。Thecityhasthreemillionfivehundredthousandpeople.（这座城市有350万人。）thousand与thousandsof：thousand前必须有具体数字（如threethousand），后直接接名词复数，不加of；thousandsof前无具体数字，后必须加of+名词复数，表“不确定的大量”。错误：threethousandsbooks（应为threethousandbooks）错误：thousandofstudents（应为thousandsofstudents）Thisbuildingisaboutthreethousandyearsold.Fivethousandtreeswereplantedintheparklastyear.Thousandsofpeoplewatchedthefootballmatch.即学即练：1.Thereareabouttwo______studentsinthismiddleschool.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof2.______visitorsetothismuseumeveryyear.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof3.Myfatherhascollectedmorethanthree______stamps.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof4.Thepanyhasoverfive______workers.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof5.______birdsflytothesouthinautumn.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsofhundred,million,billion（三者用法一致）数词：分别表示“百”“百万”“十亿”（用于具体数量）名词：分别表示“数百”“数百万”“数十亿”（常用复数形式，表不确定的“大量”）表示具体数量（数词用法）five...如one,two,five...）时，用单数形式，后接可数名词复数。结构：数字+hundred/million/billion+可数名词复数Therearefivehundredstudentsinourgrade.（我们年级有500名学生。）Thiscityhastwomillionpeople.（这座城市有200万人口。）Theprojectcostthreebillionyuan.（这个项目花费了30亿元。）表示不确定的“大量”（名词用法）前无具体数字，表“数百/数百万/数十亿”时，用复数形式，后接of+可数名词复数。结构：hundreds/millions/billionsof+可数名词复数（“数百的……”“数百万的……”“数十亿的……”）Hundredsofbirdsaresinginginthetree.（数百只鸟在树上唱歌。）Millionsofstarsareshininginthesky.（夜空中有数百万颗星星在闪烁。）Billionsofpeopleliveontheearth.（地球上生活着数十亿人。）多个数词连用（表更大数量）表示复合数量时，hundred,million,billion均用单数，按“从小到大”顺序排列（百→千→百万→十亿）。Therearetwothousandthreehundredstudentsintheschool.（这所学校Thepanyearnedfivemilliontwohundredthousandyuanlastyear.（这家公司去年赚了520万元。）有具体数字vs无具体数字：前有数字（如threehundred）：用单数，后直接接名词（不加of）；前无数字（表“大量”）：用复数+of（如hundredsof），后接名词。错误：fivehundredsbooks（应为fivehundredbooks）错误：millionoftrees（应为millionsoftrees）Sheboughtthreehundredapplesfortheparty.Hundredsofchildrenareplayinginthepark.Thisriverisovertwomillionmeterslong.Millionsoftouristsvisitthisplaceeveryyear.Chinahasapopulationofover1.4billion.Billionsofstarsareintheuniverse.即学即练：1.Thereareabouteight______studentsinthisschool.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof2.______peopletookpartinthemarathon.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof3.Theparkisvisitedbyovertwo______peopleeverymonth.A.millionB.millionsC.millionofD.millionsof4.______treeswereplantedinthedesertlastyear.A.MillionB.MillionsC.MillionofD.Millionsof5.Theearthishometomorethanseven______people.A.billionB.billionsC.billionofD.billionsofflat词义及用法表“平的；平坦的”：修饰地面、物体表面等Theroadisflat,soit’seasytorideabike.（这条路很平坦，骑车很轻松。）Sheusedaflatstonetoskiponthewater.（她用一块扁平的石头打水漂。）表“单调的；乏味的”：修饰声音、故事等ThemoviewassoflatthatIfellasleep.（这部电影太乏味了，我都睡着了。）表“（饮料）没气的”：修饰可乐、汽水等Thiscolaisflat—canIhaveanewone?（这杯可乐没气了，能换一杯吗？）表“公寓”：指多层建筑中的一套住房Theyliveinasmallflatonthethirdfloor.（他们住在三楼的一套小公寓里。）Myunclehasaflatwiththreebedrooms.（我叔叔有一套带三个卧室的公寓。）常与动词搭配，表“平直地；平躺地”Helayflatonthegroundtohide.（他平躺在地上躲起来。）Pressthepaperflatwithyourhand.（用手把纸压平。）flat（名词）vsapartment：两者均表示“公寓”，flat是英式英语，apartment是美式英语。例：SherentsaflatinLondon.（英式）=SherentsanapartmentinNewYork.（美式）即学即练：1.Thetableis______,sothecupwon’tfalloff.A.flatB.roundC.highD.small2.Mygrandparentsliveina______withabigbalcony.A.flatB.houseC.gardenD.school3.Youshouldlie______onthebedifyouhaveabackache.A.flatB.fastC.hardD.late4.Thissodais______—itdoesn’ttastegood.A.flatB.sweetC.coldD.hot3.Theingredientsdependedonthearea,buttherewasonethinginmon:Everyoneputthetoppingsonsometypeofbread.Thiswastheancientformof"pizza".配料取决于地区，但有一点是共同的：每个人都把配料放在某种类型的面包上。这是“披萨”的古代形式。depend词义及用法动词：依赖；依靠；取决于；信赖dependon/upon+人/事物：依赖；依靠；取决于Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothes.（孩子们依靠父母获得衣食。）Theresultdependsonhowhardyouwork.（结果取决于你有多努力。）Itdepends：视情况而定（口语中常用，用于回答不确定的问题）例：—Willyouetotheparty?（你会来派对吗？）—Itdepends.Imighthavetostudy.（看情况吧，我可能得学习。）dependonsb.todosth.：指望某人做某事Youcandependonhertohelpyou.（你可以指望她帮你。）dependonvsrelyon：两者均可表示“依赖”，dependon更强调客观上的“取决于”，relyon更侧重主观上的“信赖”。Successdependsonluck.（成功取决于运气。）；Irelyonmyfriendsforsupport.（我依赖朋友的支持。）dependentvsindependent：dependent（形容词）：依赖的，后接on（bedependenton依赖……）例：Sheisdependentonherparents.（她依赖父母。）independent（形容词）：独立的，后接of（beindependentof不依赖……）Adultsshouldbeindependentoftheirparents.（成年人应该不依赖父母。）即学即练：1.Goodhealth______goodfoodandenoughexercise.A.dependsonB.looksatC.listenstoD.talksabout2.Whetherwegohiking______theweathertomorrow.A.dependsonB.getsonC.putsonD.trieson3.Youcan______yourparentstohelpyouwhenyou’reintrouble.A.dependonB.lookforC.waitforD.askfor4.—Canyougotothemovieswithme?—______.Ineedtofinishmyhomeworkfirst.A.ItdependsB.NoproblemC.You’reweleD.That’sright5.Childrenare______theirparentsforcareandlove.A.dependentonB.goodatC.interestedinD.afraidoftopping词义及用法表示“（食物的）配料/浇头”，常与具体食物搭配，说明“……上的配料”Ilikepizzawithtomatoandcheesetoppings.（我喜欢加番茄和奶酪配料的比萨。）Icecreamwithchocolatetoppingismyfavorite.（加巧克力浇头的冰淇淋是我的最爱。）泛指“顶部的装饰物”Thecakehasatoppingoffreshfruit.（这个蛋糕的顶部装饰是新鲜水果。）复数形式：表示多种配料时用toppings，如“不同的配料”译为differenttoppings。Whattoppingsdoyouwantonyourhamburger?（你的汉堡想加什么配料？）Theyogurteswithatoppingofhoneyandnuts.（这款酸奶配有蜂蜜和坚果的浇头。）Wecanchoosethreetoppingsfortheicecream.（我们可以给冰淇淋选三种配料。）Thecake’stoppingismadeofcreamandstrawberries.（蛋糕的顶部配料是奶油和草莓。）即学即练：1.Iwantapizzawith______toppings:pepperoniandonions.A.twoB.secondC.twiceD.too2.What’syourfavorite______foricecream?A.toppingB.foodC.fruitD.drink3.Thecakehasa______ofchocolateandcookies.A.toppingB.nameC.colorD.price4.Theyoffermanydifferent______forthesalad.A.toppingsB.bowlC.plateD.spoon5.Doyoulikeyourcoffeewitha______ofcream?A.toppingB.cupC.bagD.boxform词义及用法表“表格”：fillin/outaform（填写表格）Youneedtofillinthisformtojointheclub.（加入俱乐部需要填这张表。）Pleasesignyournameattheendoftheform.（请在表格末尾签名。）表“形式/形状”：intheformof（以……的形式）Helpcaneintheformofmoneyorfood.（帮助可以是钱或食物的形式。）表“形成；构成”：form+名词（形成……）Cloudsareformedfromwatervapor.（云是由水蒸气形成的。）Thesewordsformasentence.（这些单词构成了一个句子。）表“养成（习惯）”：formahabit（养成习惯）It’sgoodtoformahabitofreading.（养成阅读习惯很好。）名词（表格）：PleasehandintheformbeforeFriday.（请在周五前交表。）名词（形式）：Musicisaformofart.（音乐是一种艺术形式。）动词（形成）：Iceformswhenwaterfreezes.（水结冰时形成冰。）动词（养成）：Weshouldformgoodlearninghabits.（我们应该养成良好的学习习惯。）短语（逐渐形成）：Aideaformedinherhead.（一个想法在她脑中形成了。）即学即练：1.Pleasefill______thisformifyouwanttojoinus.A.inB.onC.atD.with2.Watercanexistinthe______ofice,liquidorgas.A.formB.shapeC.kindD.type3.It’simportantto______ahabitofgettingupearly.A.formB.makeC.doD.take4.Theseletters______anewword.A.formB.makeC.getD.take4.OurmodernpizzagoesbacktotheRomansmorethan2,000yearsago.现代披萨可以追溯到2000多年前的罗马人。gobackto词义及用法回到（某地）后接地点名词，强调从当前位置返回之前去过的地方。WewillgobacktoschoolnextMonday.（我们下周一将回到学校。）Shewantstogobacktoherhometownduringtheholiday.（她想假期回故乡。）追溯到（某时）后接时间名词，指事物的起源或开始时间。Thistraditiongoesbackto100yearsago.（这个传统可以追溯到100年前。）Thestorygoesbacktothe19thcentury.（这个故事始于19世纪。）重新开始（做某事）后接动名词（doing）或名词，指中断后继续之前的事情。Let’sgobacktostudyingafterthebreak.（休息后我们继续学习吧。）Hedecidedtogobacktohisoldjob.（他决定重新做回以前的工作。）即学即练：1.Theyplanto______theirvillagenextmonth.A.gobacktoB.efromC.leaveforD.arriveat2.Thiscustom______300yearsago.A.goesbacktoB.esfromC.lookslikeD.soundslike3.Let’s______ourlessonafterlunch.A.gobacktoB.getupC.lookforD.puton4.She______herhometowneverysummerholiday.A.goesbacktoB.takesoffC.turnsonD.thinksabout5.Aftertherainstopped,we______playingfootball.A.wentbacktoB.madeupC.lookedatD.talkedaboutRome词义及用法专有名词用法：作为城市名，首字母必须大写，无复数形式。Romeisabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.（罗马是一座历史悠久的美丽城市。）WevisitedtheColosseumwhenwewereinRome.（我们在罗马时参观了斗兽场。）经典谚语：AllroadsleadtoRome.（条条大路通罗马。）含义：比喻达到同一目的有多种方法。Don’tworryabouttheway—allroadsleadtoRome.（别担心方法，条条大路通罗马。）WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.（入乡随俗。）含义：指到了一个地方，要遵循当地的习俗。Youshouldlearntoeatwithchopstickshere—wheninRome,doastheRomansdo.（你应该学着在这里用筷子吃饭——入乡随俗嘛。）Roman词义及用法修饰与罗马相关的事物（城市、人、文化、建筑等）TheRomanEmpirewasverypowerfulinancienttimes.（古罗马帝国在古代非常强大。）WevisitedtheRomanruinsinthecity.（我们参观了这座城市里的古罗马遗迹。）Romanculturehasinfluencedmanycountries.（罗马文化影响了许多国家。）表示“罗马人”（单数指一个罗马人，复数指多个罗马人）ARomanshowedusaroundtheoldcity.（一个罗马人带我们参观了老城。）TheRomansbuiltmanygreatbuildings.（罗马人建造了许多宏伟的建筑。）即学即练：1.______isthecapitalofItaly.A.RomeB.ParisC.LondonD.Beijing2.Thesaying“Allroadsleadto______”tellsustherearemanywaystoreachagoal.A.RomeB.ChinaC.schoolD.home3“Whenin______,doastheRomansdo”meansweshouldfollowlocalcustoms.A.RomeB.ParisC.NewYorkD.Sydney4.______culturehasalonghistory.A.RomanB.ChinaC.AmericaD.England5.The______builtmanybeautifulbuildingsintheirempire.A.RomansB.RomanC.RomeD.Romes5.Later,ItaliansbroughtthepizzatoAmerica,andthenitbecameapopularfoodallovertheworld,withdifferentpizzasfromdifferentplaces.后来，意大利人把披萨带到美国，然后它成为一种受欢迎的食物在世界各地，不同的披萨来自不同的地方。late词义及用法表“迟的；晚的”（指时间上的延迟）Shewaslateforschoolbecauseoftherain.（因为下雨，她上学迟到了。）It’stoolatetogooutnow.（现在出去太晚了。）表“晚期的；后期的”（指阶段）Hebecamefamousinhislateyears.（他晚年成名了。）表“迟；晚”（修饰动词）Heoftengetsuplateonweekends.（他周末经常起得晚。）Theyarrivedlatefortheparty.（他们参加派对来晚了。）belatefor：做某事迟到Don’tbelateforthemeeting.（开会别迟到。）lateron：后来；稍后Wecantalkaboutitlateron.（我们稍后再谈这件事。）soonerorlater：迟早You’llunderstanditsoonerorlater.（你迟早会明白的。）latevslately：late作形容词/副词，表“迟的/地；晚的/地”；lately是副词，表“最近；近来”（相当于recently）。Hecamelate.（他来晚了。）；Ihaven’tseenherlately.（我最近没见过她。）比较级和最高级：later（较迟的/地）、latest（最迟的/地；最新的）。Todayislaterthanyesterday.（今天比昨天晚。）；Thisisthelatestnews.（这是最新消息。）形容词（迟的）：Hewaslateforthetrain.（他赶火车迟到了。）形容词（晚期的）：Thisisamovieabouthislatelife.（这是一部关于他晚年生活的电影。）副词（晚）：Sheworkslateeverynight.（她每晚工作到很晚。）短语（稍后）：I’llcallyoulateron.（我稍后给你打电话。）即学即练：1.Don’tbe______forschoolagain.A.lateB.earlyC.goodD.bad2.Heoftengoestobed______onweekends.A.lateB.latelyC.earlyD.slow3.Wewilldiscusstheplan______.A.lateronB.atfirstC.infactD.atonce4.______youwillknowthatheisright.A.SoonerorlaterB.IntheendC.AtfirstD.Ontime5.PleasereturnthebookbynextMonday______.A.atthelatestB.atfirstC.intimeD.ontime6.Photographsofmoviestarsandfamousathleteswithpizzahelpeditbeemoreandmorepopular,andthatledtopetitions.电影明星和著名运动员与披萨的合影使得披萨越来越受欢迎，并引发了比赛。lead词义及用法带领；引导：lead+人+地点（带领某人去某地）Theguideledustothemuseum.（导游带领我们去了博物馆。）Sheledthechildcrossthestreet.（她领着孩子过马路。）通向：leadto+地点（通向某地）Thisroadleadstothepark.（这条路通向公园。）导致：leadto+结果（导致某结果）Hardworkleadstosuccess.（努力工作会通向成功。）领先：lead+数字/比分（领先……）Ourteamleadsbytwopoints.（我们队领先两分。）领先地位：have/takethelead（处于领先地位/带头）Shetooktheleadintherace.（她在比赛中处于领先地位。）a...lifea...life：过……的生活例：Theyleadahappylife.（他们过着幸福的生活。）动词（带领）：Theteacherledthestudentsintotheclassroom.（老师带领学生进了教室。）动词（导致）：Smokingcanleadtohealthproblems.（吸烟会导致健康问题。）动词（领先）：Heleadstheclassinmath.（他在班里数学成绩领先。）名词（领先）：Ourteamhasathreepointlead.（我们队领先三分。）即学即练：1.Thetourguidewill______ustotheoldtemple.A.leadB.followC.carryD.catch2.Hardworkcan______togoodgrades.A.leadB.takeC.makeD.get3.Thispath______tothelakeinthepark.A.leadsB.goesC.runsD.walks4.Ourclassisinthe______intheschoolsportsmeeting.A.leadB.wayC.frontD.back5.She______thechildrensafelyacrosstheroadyesterday.A.ledB.leadC.leadsD.leadingpete词义及用法动词 petes peted peting名词 petition（竞争；比赛） 形容词petitive（竞争的）petewith/againstsb.：与某人竞争HewillpetewithTomintherace.（他将在比赛中与汤姆竞争。）Manystudentspeteagainsteachotherfortheprize.（许多学生为奖品相互竞争。）peteinsth.：参加某项比赛/竞赛Shepetedinthesingingpetitionlastyear.（她去年参加了歌唱比赛。）Ourschoolwillpeteinthefootballmatch.（我们学校将参加足球赛。）peteforsth.：为……而竞争Athletesfromallovertheworldpeteforgoldmedals.（世界各地的运动员为金牌而竞争。）介词搭配：与“人”竞争用with/against；参加“比赛”用in；为“事物”竞争用for。名词转换：petition是常用名词表示“……比赛/竞赛”：名词+petition或petition+介词短语Therewillbeasingingpetitioninourschool.（我们学校将举办一场歌唱比赛。）Shetookpartinadrawingpetitionlastweek.（她上周参加了一场绘画比赛。）表示“……之间的竞争”：petitionbetween/among+竞争者Thereisstrongpetitionbetweenthetwoteams.（这两支队伍之间竞争激烈。）petitionamongstudentshelpsimprovegrades.（学生之间的竞争有助于提高成绩。）enterapetition：参加比赛例：HedecidedtoentertheEnglishpetition.（他决定参加英语竞赛。）winapetition：赢得比赛例：Shewonthedancingpetitionlastyear.（她去年赢得了舞蹈比赛。）inpetitionwith：与……竞争例：OurclassisinpetitionwithClass2forthefirstprize.（我们班与二班竞争一等奖。）即学即练：1.Hewill______hisbrotherintheswimmingrace.A.petewithB.talktoC.laughatD.waitfor2.Manystudents______intheEnglishspeechcontesteveryyear.A.peteB.playC.studyD.work3.Theyare______forthefirstplaceinthegame.A.petingB.lookingC.askingD.paying4.She______withherbestfriendinthepianopetitionlastweek.A.petedB.petesC.willpeteD.ispeting5.Wewill______intheschoolsportsmeetingnextmonth.A.peteB.winC.loseD.get6.Wewillhavea______forthebeststorynextmonth.A.petitionB.gameC.classD.lesson7.ShewonfirstprizeintheEnglishspeaking______.A.petitionB.schoolC.familyD.party8.Ourteamgotthefirstplaceinthe______.A.petitionB.parkC.shopD.library7.Therearealsoallkindsofworldrecords.还有各种各样的世界纪录。kind词义及用法bekindtosb.：对某人友善Theteacherisalwayskindtoherstudents.（这位老师对学生总是很友善。）It’sgoodtobekindtoanimals.（对动物友善是好事。）It’skindofsb.todosth.：某人做某事真是太好了It’skindofyoutohelpmewithmyhomework.（你帮我辅导作业，真是太好了。）akindof：一种（后接名词）Adogisakindofanimal.（狗是一种动物。）allkindsof：各种各样的Thereareallkindsofbooksinthelibrary.（图书馆里有各种各样的书。）this/thatkindof：这/那种Ilikethiskindoffruit.（我喜欢这种水果。）即学即练：1.Mygrandmotherisvery______toallchildren.A.kindB.badC.angryD.sad2.______youtogivemesuchanicegift!A.It’skindofB.It’sgoodforC.It’shardforD.It’seasyof3.Therearemany______ofbirdsintheforest.A.kindsB.kindC.kindes