(英语)高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)答题技巧及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)答题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationashouseholdhelpsandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.

AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig-Maximilians-Universitaet(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.

AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:"Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?"Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假设的)moraldilemma:Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanized(人性化的)tovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.

Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(无名的)humans.

"Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,"saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."（1）Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?A.

Howtohumanizethem.B.

Howtotreattheminlife.C.

Howtousethemeffectively.D.

Howtofindmoreapplications.（2）Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.A.

whentosacrificearobotB.

wheretoexperiencerisksC.

whichrobottoworkwithD.

whatrobotsshouldbelike（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?A.

Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.B.

Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.C.

Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.D.

Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Robots,AMustforFutureB.

HumanizedRobots,ANewTrendC.

RobotSaved,PeopleTaketheHitD.

HumanizedRobots,ReplaceHuman【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，它们承担越来越多样化的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待他们，如何对待他们的问题变的迫在眉睫。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.”可知，随着越来越多的机器装备了最新的人工智能，承担着越来越多的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待它们以及如何对待它们的问题变得越来越紧迫。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?’"可知，在这项研究中，参与者可能必须决定何时牺牲机器人。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"‘Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,’saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."可知，Paulus认为让机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远，可以推断出，Paulus认为过多地人性化机器人可能是不合适的。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的“Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.”及全文内容可知，文章主要叙述了随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，参与者就可能越不会牺牲机器人。因此标题“机器人被拯救，人类就会承受打击”最切题，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative(倡议)hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract(提炼)allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?A.

E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.B.

Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.C.

Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.D.

NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?A.

startingperiod

B.

collectioneffort

C.

finalstage

D.

hardsearch（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?A.

Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.B.

Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.C.

Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.D.

Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Ambiguous

D.

Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。inthehomestretch固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld'sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.

Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68—whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.

"ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,"shesaid."Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater."

ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"Weneedtobebold(大胆的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."

ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.（1）Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?A.

Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.B.

Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.C.

Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.D.

ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisone"inthefourthparagraphreferto?A.

TheLarsenCiceshelf.B.

ClimatechangeinAntarctica.C.

TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.D.

TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.（3）WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?A.

ItisasbigasLondon.B.

ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.C.

Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.D.

IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.B.

TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.C.

Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.D.

By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。故选B。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到达一个新发现的在拉森冰架下面隐藏了12万年的的生态系统，可知选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“…Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世纪末平均至少升高60厘米，选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环境类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldfirefighterKangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer"foresthealing"(森林治愈);thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder(创伤后应激障碍).

SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinSouthKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.SouthKoreans-manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.

Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer,itseems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanadasTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.

"Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,"saysNisbet."Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV."ButSouthKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.

SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.

AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.

Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.

Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat'sasitshouldbe.（1）WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?A.Gettinglostinnature.B.Buildinguphisstrength.C.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.D.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.（2）WhatdoesLisaNisbetthinkofbeingoutdoors?A.Itisoverlookedbypeople.B.Ithasnothingtodowithhappiness.C.SouthKoreansshowgreatinterestinit.D.Weneedmoreevidenceforitsbenefits.（3）WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?A.Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.B.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.C.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.D.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.YourlifeinforestsB.YourbrainonnatureC.ThefutureofforesthealingD.Thebenefitsofastress-freelife【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈起，介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.”可知，KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈：品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer和evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit”以及第四段中LisaNisbet所说的话可知，他认为现代人忽视了大自然的重要性，户外活动少了。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“hadbetterattentionandshort-termmemory”可知，StephenKaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力，也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处，故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

Newsanchors(主播)musthavebeenreluctanttoreadoutthefollowingnews:XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial(人工的)intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday,threemonthsafteramalerobotjoinedtheprofession.

Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading.That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?

Tofindtheanswer,wehavetoanalysethetechnologiesthatsupportXinatherjob.ThreekeytechnologiesareusedtosupportXin.First,samplesofhumanvoicesarecollectedandsynthesized(合成).Thisisfollowedbythecollectionandsynthesisofhumanmusclemovementsamples.AndthirdthevoicesandmovementsaremarriedinawaythatwhentheAlnewsanchorreads,themicro-electricmotorsbehindherfacemovetomakeherexpressionsseemmorehuman.

Yetweneedathoroughknowledgeofdeepleaningtechnologytomakearobotimitateaperson'svoice.Thedeveloperneedstocollecttensofthousandsofpiecesofpronunciations,inputthemintothemachineandmatchthemwiththetextortheAltoleanandread.Theprocessforimitatingfacialmovementsissimilar.Thedeveloperhastoanalysethemovementsofthe53musclesinthehumanface,makeamodelsetfromthecollecteddatafortheAInewsanchortolean,andimitatethemovementsoffacialmusclesviaprograms

BoththetechnologiesusedtomakeXin'sperformanceimpressivearemature.Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman.Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reluctant"inthefirstparagraphmean?A.

Delighted.

B.

Unwilling.

C.

Confused.

D.

Optimistic.（2）Whatcanweinferaboutpreviousnewsrobots?A.

Theyreadnewswithoutexpressions.B.

TheylookedlikeahumanbeingC.

TheycouldinterviewsportsstarsD.

Theycouldinteractwithaudience.（3）Whatdoweknowaboutthethirdtechnology?A.

ThistechnologyisveryperfectsofarB.

ThistechnologyisquitepopularnowC.

ThistechnologyremainsatthetheoreticalstageD.

Thistechnologyisfarfrommature.（4）Fromthelastparagraph,wecandrawaconclusionthat____.A.

humannewsanchorsshouldlearnfromATanchorstosavetheirjobsB.

AlanchorsperformmuchbetterthanhumannewsanchorsatpresentC.

Alnewsanchorswon'treplacehumannewsanchorsinthenearfutureD.

XinXiaomengsexpressionsvarysonaturallythattheyaretruetolife【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial(人工的)intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday"及第二段中的"That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?"可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为"不愿意的"，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading."可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman."可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities."可知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(转型).

Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.（1）Somerichcountriesaretryingto

.A.

dematerializemoneyB.

getridoftheside-effectsofcashC.

maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspeciesD.

promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins（2）Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow

.A.

thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesB.

thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworldC.

digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestoppedD.

Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment（3）Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause

.A.

youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallivesB.

suppliersaretryingtoreducecostsandobtainmoneyanddataC.

theinfrastructureisdevelopingatahighspeedindevelopedmarketsD.

financialfirmswanttoabandonold-fashionedcustomers（4）Theauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalizedpaymentis

.A.

favorable

B.

negative

C.

objective

D.

indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，富裕国家正在减少现金支付,现金正在因为需求等原因消失。总的来说,无现金经济的未来是个好消息,但是对于电子支付人们也有一些担忧。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.”可知,富裕国家正竞相将支付非物质化；再根据第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％。结合上下文,可知某些富裕国家比如瑞典正在减少现金支付,推广不用纸币或硬币的支付方式,也就是电子支付方式。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”可知在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％；再根据“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.”可知在中国,数字支付从2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中国的共同点是现金支付减少,电子支付比例上升,由此可推断作者提到瑞典和中国是为了说明数字支付正成为一种不可阻挡的趋势。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)...Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.”可知现金消失的一个重要原因就是诸如银行和科技公司（在发达市场）和电信公司（在新兴市场）之类的供应商正在开发快速,易于使用的支付技术,他们可以从中提取数据和小费。运行现金经济背后的基础架构需要付出高昂的成本,这些基础设施包括自动取款机,载有纸币的货车,接受硬币的出纳员。大多数金融公司都渴望放弃它,或者以高昂的费用劝阻老式客户。也就是供应商为了减少成本,获取数据和小费,开发了更便捷的支付方式,导致现金支付的减少。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，,作者提到无现金支付即电子支付的好处,也提到电子支付引起的担忧,对待电子支付是客观的,故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Plantsareboring.Theyjustsittherephotosynthesizing(光合作用)whileanimalshaveallthefun.Right?Notsomuch.Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.Theantandplantco-evolution(协同进化)startedwithantsfeedingonplantsandplantsevolvingant-friendlyfeatures.

Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantuse.Someplantshaveevolvedfeaturesthatpersuadeantsintodefendingthemfromattackfromotherinsectsandevenmаmmаlѕ.Тhеѕеіnсludеhollowthornsthatаntѕwillliveіnѕіdе,orехtranесtаr(琼浆)оnlеаvеѕorstemsfortheantstoeat.Someantswilljustcheatandtakethenectarandrun,butsomewillstickaroundandattackanythingthattriestohurttheplant.Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed—ofteninanutrient-richareawhereit'llgrowbetter,andsinceit'sfartherawayfromitsparent,theywon'thavetocompeteforresources.

Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.Ifevolutionisanarmsracebetweenspeciesdevelopingwaystomakeuseoftheirneighbors,thenscientistswantedtoknowwhetherplantsorantsfiredthefirstshot.Itwasachicken-and-eggquestion,whetherthingsstartedwithantsdevelopingbehaviorstotakeadvantageofplants,orplantsevolvingstructurestotakeadvantageofants.

Thehistoryofantsandplantsevolvingtogethergoesbacktothetimeofthedinosaurs,andit'snoteasytotellfromfossilswhofiredthefirstshot.However,itisaquestionoflittlesignificance.Scientistssaytheirstudymatersbecauseitprovidesalookathowthesewidespreadandcomplexinteractionsevolved.（1）Someplantsattachfoodpacketstotheirseedsinorderto________.A.

rewardtheantsB.

makeafoolofantsC.

providenutritionfortheseedsD.

gettheseedsmovedaround（2）WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.

Howplantsandantsinteract.B.

Whatantsdotoprotectplants.C.

Howplantsandantssurviveattacks.D.

Whyplantsandantsneedco-e