2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：真题模拟

2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：真题模拟考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、选词填空要求：从每道题的四个选项中，选择最恰当的单词填入句子空白处，使句子意思完整、通顺。每道题只有一个正确答案。1.Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhassignificantlyalteredthewaywe______information,makingiteasiertoaccessbutalsochallengingtoevaluateitsaccuracy.A.gatherB.interpretC.consumeD.preserve2.Inthestudyofastrophysics,theconceptofdarkmatterremainsa______duetothelackofdirectobservationalevidence,yetitplaysacrucialroleinexplainingthegravitationalforceswithingalaxies.A.mysteryB.theoryC.hypothesisD.paradox3.TheRenaissanceperiodmarkeda______inEuropeanartandliterature,asartistsbegantoemphasizerealismandindividualexpressionovertherigidconventionsoftheMiddleAges.A.declineB.divergenceC.revolutionD.stagnation4.Climatescientistswarnthattheincreasingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmospherecouldleadto______changesinglobalweatherpatterns,affectingagricultureandbiodiversity.A.predictableB.gradualC.irreversibleD.unpredictable5.Duringthe20thcentury,thedevelopmentofantibioticsrevolutionizedmedicine,savingcountlesslivesbyeffectivelytreatingbacterialinfectionsthatwereonce______fatal.A.incurableB.treatableC.manageableD.controllable6.TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralstructure,showcasinganincredible______ofmarinespeciesthathaveadaptedtoitsuniqueenvironment.A.diversityB.scarcityC.uniformityD.abundance7.Inthefieldofeconomics,theprincipleofsupplyanddemandexplainshowpricesaredeterminedinamarket,withdemandgenerally______asthepriceincreases.A.remainingconstantB.increasingC.decreasingD.fluctuating8.Thehumanbrainisremarkableinitsabilitytoformnewneuralconnections,aprocessknownasneuroplasticity,whichallowsustolearnandadaptthroughoutourlives.A.complexB.staticC.limitedD.dynamic9.TheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinmanufacturing,withtheintroductionofmachineryandfactoriesleadingtoincreasedproductionefficiencybutalsoto______workingconditionsforlaborers.A.improvedB.deterioratedC.standardizedD.regulated10.Inliterature,theuseofsymbolismcanadddepthandmeaningtoastory,allowingauthorstoconveycomplexideaswithoutexplicitlystatingthem,whichenhancesthereader's______tointerpretthenarrative.A.limitationB.challengeC.freedomD.frustration二、阅读理解要求：根据所提供的五篇阅读文章，回答下列问题。每篇文章后面会附有若干道选择题，每题只有一个正确答案。Passage1TheancientcityofMachuPicchu,nestledhighintheAndesMountainsofPeru,remainsoneofthemostfascinatingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.DiscoveredbytheAmericanexplorerHiramBinghamin1911,MachuPicchuisatestamenttotheadvancedengineeringandarchitecturalskillsoftheIncacivilization.Thecity,builtaroundthe15thcentury,waslikelyaroyalestateorareligiousretreat,asevidencedbythepresenceofnumeroustemplesandterraces.Despiteitssignificance,MachuPicchuwasabandonedbytheIncaaroundthe16thcentury,possiblyduetotheSpanishconquest,andremainedhiddenfromtheoutsideworlduntilitsrediscovery.Today,itisaUNESCOWorldHeritagesiteandapopulardestinationfortouristsandarchaeologistsalike,offeringaglimpseintotherichculturalheritageoftheInca.1.WhatwastheprimarypurposeofMachuPicchuaccordingtothepassage?A.Itwasamajorcommercialcenterfortrade.B.Itservedasaroyalestateorreligiousretreat.C.Itwasadefensivefortressagainstinvaders.D.Itwasaresidentialareaforcommoners.2.HowdidMachuPicchuremainhiddenfromtheoutsideworldforsolong?A.ItwasintentionallyhiddenbytheInca.B.Itwaslocatedinaremoteandinaccessiblearea.C.ItwasdestroyedduringtheSpanishconquest.D.ItwasnotdiscoveredbyEuropeanexplorersuntilthe20thcentury.3.WhatisthesignificanceofMachuPicchuasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite?A.ItisasymbolofPeruvianindependence.B.ItrepresentstherichculturalheritageoftheInca.C.ItisamajorsourceoftourismrevenueforPeru.D.ItisakeylocationforstudyingIncaagriculture.Passage2Theconceptofrenewableenergyhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsastheworldgrappleswiththechallengesofclimatechangeandtheneedtoreducedependenceonfossilfuels.Renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower,arethosethatarenaturallyreplenishedonahumantimescaleanddonotdepletetheEarth'sresources.Solarenergy,harnessedthroughphotovoltaiccells,hasseenremarkableadvancementsinefficiencyandcost-effectiveness,makingitapopularchoiceforbothresidentialandcommercialapplications.Windenergy,generatedbyconvertingwindcurrentsintoelectricity,isanotherpromisingrenewablesource,particularlyincoastalandmountainousregions.Hydroelectricpower,whichutilizestheflowofwatertogenerateelectricity,isoneoftheoldestandmostestablishedformsofrenewableenergy,providingasteadyandreliablesourceofpower.Despitethebenefits,thewidespreadadoptionofrenewableenergyfaceschallengessuchasinitialinvestmentcosts,technologicallimitations,andtheneedforinfrastructuredevelopment.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofrenewableenergysources?A.Toprovideasteadyandreliablesourceofpower.B.Toreducedependenceonfossilfuelsandcombatclimatechange.C.Togenerateelectricityonalargescaleforindustrialuse.D.Toreplacetraditionalenergysourcesentirely.5.Whataresomeofthechallengesfacedbyrenewableenergysources?A.Theyarenotsustainableinthelongterm.B.Theyrequiresignificantinitialinvestmentandinfrastructuredevelopment.C.Theyareonlyeffectiveinurbanareas.D.Theyproduceharmfulbyproducts.6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthecurrentstateofrenewableenergy?A.Itisstillinitsearlystagesofdevelopment.B.Ithasbecomeawidelyadoptedandreliableenergysource.C.Itisonlysuitableforsmall-scaleapplications.D.Itisnotcost-effectivecomparedtofossilfuels.Passage3TheRenaissancewasaperiodofgreatculturalandartisticflourishinginEurope,spanningfromthe14thtothe17thcentury.Itmarkedasignificantshiftfromthemedievalfocusonreligiousthemestoagreateremphasisonhumanism,individualexpression,andthestudyofclassicalantiquity.ArtistssuchasLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andRaphaelemergedduringthistime,producingworksthatarestillcelebratedfortheirbeautyandinnovation.TheRenaissancealsosawadvancementsinscience,literature,andphilosophy,asscholarsandthinkerssoughttounderstandtheworldthroughreasonandobservation.TheinventionoftheprintingpressbyJohannesGutenberginthe15thcenturyplayedacrucialroleindisseminatingknowledgeandideas,contributingtothespreadofRenaissanceidealsacrossEurope.ThelegacyoftheRenaissancecontinuestoinfluenceart,culture,andthoughttothisday,servingasareminderofthepowerofhumancreativityandintellectualcuriosity.7.WhatwastheprimaryfocusoftheRenaissance?A.Thestudyofreligioustextsanddoctrines.B.Theexplorationofnewscientifictheories.C.Theemphasisonhumanismandindividualexpression.D.Thedevelopmentofmilitarystrategiesandtactics.8.HowdidtheinventionoftheprintingpresscontributetotheRenaissance?A.Itallowedforthemassproductionofweapons.B.Itfacilitatedthespreadofknowledgeandideas.C.Itledtothediscoveryofnewlands.D.Itrevolutionizedthebankingandfinancialsystems.9.WhatisthelastinglegacyoftheRenaissance?A.Itestablishedthefoundationformoderndemocracy.B.Itlaidthegroundworkforthescientificrevolution.C.IttransformedtheartisticandculturallandscapeofEurope.D.ItcreatedaunifiedEuropeanidentity.Passage4TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralstructureandahavenforadiversearrayofmarinelife.Spanningover2,300kilometers,thereefiscomposedofbillionsoftinycoralpolypsthathavegrownoverthousandsofyears.Itisrenownedforitsstunningbeauty,withvibrantcolorsandintricateformationsthatattractmillionsoftouristseachyear.However,theGreatBarrierReeffacessignificantthreatsduetoclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing.Risingseatemperaturescausecoralbleaching,aphenomenonwherecoralslosetheircolorfulalgaeandbecomevulnerabletodeath.Pollutionfromcoastaldevelopmentandagriculturalrunoffalsoharmsthereefbyintroducingharmfulchemicalsandexcessnutrients.Overfishingdisruptstheecologicalbalance,particularlybydepletingpopulationsoffishthathelpmaintainthereef'shealth.ConservationeffortsareunderwaytoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef,includingtheestablishmentofmarineprotectedareas,reductionofpollution,andresearchintocoralrestorationtechniques.10.WhatistheprimarythreattotheGreatBarrierReef?A.Overpopulationofmarineanimals.B.Climatechangeandcoralbleaching.C.Theconstructionofnewcoastalresorts.D.Theintroductionofinvasivespecies.11.HowdoespollutionaffecttheGreatBarrierReef?A.Itprovidesessentialnutrientsforcoralgrowth.B.Ithelpstomaintainthereef'secologicalbalance.C.Itintroducesharmfulchemicalsandexcessnutrients.D.Itenhancesthereef'svibrantcolors.12.WhatcanbedonetoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef?A.Increasetourismtogeneraterevenueforconservation.B.Establishmarineprotectedareasandreducepollution.C.Encourageoverfishingtomaintainecologicalbalance.D.Removeallcoralpolypstopreventbleaching.Passage5TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcenturyinBritain,markedaturningpointinhumanhistory,transformingsocietiesfromagrarianand手工业-basedeconomiestoindustrialandtechnologicalones.Theintroductionofmachinery,factories,andnewproductionmethodsledtounprecedentedincreasesinproductivityandeconomicgrowth.However,thisperiodalsobroughtaboutsignificantsocialandenvironmentalchallenges.TherapidurbanizationthataccompaniedtheIndustrialRevolutionledtoovercrowdedandunsanitarylivingconditionsincities,resultinginthespreadofdiseasesandpoorpublichealth.Theexploitationofworkers,includinglonghours,lowwages,anddangerousworkingenvironments,becameamajorconcern.Additionally,therelianceoncoalandotherfossilfuelsforenergycontributedtoairpollutionandenvironmentaldegradation.Despitethesechallenges,theIndustrialRevolutionlaidthefoundationformodernindustrialsociety,influencingtechnologicaladvancements,economicsystems,andsocialstructuresthatcontinuetoshapetheworldtoday.13.WhatwasthemainimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution?A.Itledtothedeclineofagricultureandhandcraftedgoods.B.Ittransformedsocietiesfromagrariantoindustrialeconomies.C.Itcausedasignificantincreaseinpopulationgrowth.D.Itimprovedthelivingconditionsofworkers.14.WhatweresomeofthesocialchallengesduringtheIndustrialRevolution?A.Theriseoftradeunionsandworkers'rights.B.Overcrowdedandunsanitarylivingconditions.C.Theestablishmentofpubliceducationsystems.D.Thegrowthofinternationaltradenetworks.15.HowdidtheIndustrialRevolutioncontributetoenvironmentaldegradation?A.Itpromotedtheuseofrenewableenergysources.B.Itledtothewidespreadadoptionofsolarpower.C.Itincreasedrelianceoncoalandfossilfuels.D.Itencouragedtheplantingoftreesandreforestation.三、句子填空要求：从每道题的四个选项中，选择最恰当的句子填入文章空白处，使文章意思完整、通顺。每道题只有一个正确答案。Thehumanbrainisaremarkableorgan,capableofperforminganincrediblearrayoffunctions.Itcontrolsourthoughts,emotions,andmovements,allowingustonavigatetheworldaroundus.Oneofthemostfascinatingaspectsofthebrainisitsabilitytoadaptandchange,aprocessknownasneuroplasticity.Thismeansthatthebraincanreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.Neuroplasticityiscrucialforlearning,memory,andrecoveryfrominjury.Forexample,ifapersonlosesalimb,thebraincanrewireitselftocompensatefortheloss,oftenbyrepurposingthesensoryandmotorfunctionsofthearea.Thisadaptabilityalsoplaysaroleinthedevelopmentofnewskillsandthemodificationofexistingknowledge.However,thebrain'scapacityforplasticityisnotunlimited,andcertainfactorscaninfluenceitseffectiveness.Age,forinstance,canaffecthoweasilythebrainformsnewconnections,withyoungerbrainsgenerallybeingmoremalleable.Additionally,environmentalfactorssuchasstress,nutrition,andphysicalactivitycaneitherenhanceorhinderneuroplasticity.Understandingthemechanismsbehindneuroplasticityhassignificantimplicationsforeducation,rehabilitation,andthetreatmentofneurologicaldisorders.Researcherscontinuetoexplorewaystooptimizebrainplasticity,withthegoalofimprovingcognitivefunctionandqualityoflifeforpeopleworldwide.1.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthefirstparagraphtodescribethebrain'sabilitytoadaptandchange?A.Itiscomposedprimarilyofwaterandelectrolytes.B.Itcanreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections.C.Itoperatessolelyonelectricalsignals.D.Itisprotectedbytheskullandmeninges.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanexampleofhowthebraincanrewireitself?A.Byincreasingthesizeofitsneurons.B.Bylosingsomeofitsmemorycapacity.C.Byrepurposingthesensoryandmotorfunctionsofalostlimb.D.Bydevelopingnewsensoryorgans.3.Whichfactorismentionedaspotentiallyhinderingneuroplasticity?A.Ahealthydietrichinantioxidants.B.Regularphysicalexercise.C.Chronicstressandlackofsleep.D.Exposuretoavarietyoflearningenvironments.4.Whatistheprimarygoalofresearchintoneuroplasticity?A.Todeterminetheexactnumberofneuronsinthebrain.B.Tounderstandhowthebraindevelopsinutero.C.Toimprovecognitivefunctionandqualityoflife.D.Tocreateartificialbrainsformedicalpurposes.5.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthelastparagraphtosummarizetheimplicationsofunderstandingneuroplasticity?A.Ithasledtothedevelopmentofnewpharmaceuticals.B.Ithasrevolutionizedthefieldofneuroscience.C.Ithassignificantimplicationsforeducation,rehabilitation,andthetreatmentofneurologicaldisorders.D.Ithascausedadeclineinthestudyofpsychology.Passage2Theconceptofrenewableenergyhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsastheworldgrappleswiththechallengesofclimatechangeandtheneedtoreducedependenceonfossilfuels.Renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower,arethosethatarenaturallyreplenishedonahumantimescaleanddonotdepletetheEarth'sresources.Solarenergy,harnessedthroughphotovoltaiccells,hasseenremarkableadvancementsinefficiencyandcost-effectiveness,makingitapopularchoiceforbothresidentialandcommercialapplications.Windenergy,generatedbyconvertingwindcurrentsintoelectricity,isanotherpromisingrenewablesource,particularlyincoastalandmountainousregions.Hydroelectricpower,whichutilizestheflowofwatertogenerateelectricity,isoneoftheoldestandmostestablishedformsofrenewableenergy,providingasteadyandreliablesourceofpower.Despitethebenefits,thewidespreadadoptionofrenewableenergyfaceschallengessuchasinitialinvestmentcosts,technologicallimitations,andtheneedforinfrastructuredevelopment.6.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthefirstparagraphtodescribethemainpurposeofrenewableenergysources?A.Theyareusedprimarilyforindustrialapplications.B.Theyhelptoreducedependenceonfossilfuelsandcombatclimatechange.C.Theyareonlyeffectiveinurbanareas.D.Theyaremoreexpensivethantraditionalenergysources.7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthechallengesfacedbyrenewableenergysources?A.Theyarenotsustainableinthelongterm.B.Theyrequiresignificantinitialinvestmentandinfrastructuredevelopment.C.Theyareonlysuitableforsmall-scaleapplications.D.Theyproduceharmfulbyproducts.8.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthesecondparagraphtodescribethecurrentstateofrenewableenergy?A.Ithasbecomeawidelyadoptedandreliableenergysource.B.Itisstillinitsearlystagesofdevelopment.C.Itisonlysuitableforsmall-scaleapplications.D.Itisnotcost-effectivecomparedtofossilfuels.9.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthethirdparagraphtodescribethebenefitsofhydroelectricpower?A.Itisthemostexpensiveformofrenewableenergy.B.Itisonlypracticalinareaswithhighpopulationdensity.C.Itprovidesasteadyandreliablesourceofpower.D.Itrequiresminimalmaintenanceandoperation.10.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthefourthparagraphtosummarizethechallengesofrenewableenergy?A.Theyareeasilyadaptabletoexistingenergygrids.B.Theyrequireminimaltechnologicalinnovation.C.Theyfacechallengessuchasinitialinvestmentcostsandinfrastructuredevelopment.D.Theyaresupportedbymostgovernmentsworldwide.Passage3TheRenaissancewasaperiodofgreatculturalandartisticflourishinginEurope,spanningfromthe14thtothe17thcentury.Itmarkedasignificantshiftfromthemedievalfocusonreligiousthemestoagreateremphasisonhumanism,individualexpression,andthestudyofclassicalantiquity.ArtistssuchasLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andRaphaelemergedduringthistime,producingworksthatarestillcelebratedfortheirbeautyandinnovation.TheRenaissancealsosawadvancementsinscience,literature,andphilosophy,asscholarsandthinkerssoughttounderstandtheworldthroughreasonandobservation.TheinventionoftheprintingpressbyJohannesGutenberginthe15thcenturyplayedacrucialroleindisseminatingknowledgeandideas,contributingtothespreadofRenaissanceidealsacrossEurope.ThelegacyoftheRenaissancecontinuestoinfluenceart,culture,andthoughttothisday,servingasareminderofthepowerofhumancreativityandintellectualcuriosity.11.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthefirstparagraphtodescribetheprimaryfocusoftheRenaissance?A.Thestudyofreligioustextsanddoctrines.B.Theexplorationofnewscientifictheories.C.Theemphasisonhumanismandindividualexpression.D.Thedevelopmentofmilitarystrategiesandtactics.12.Accordingtothepassage,howdidtheinventionoftheprintingpresscontributetotheRenaissance?A.Itallowedforthemassproductionofweapons.B.Itfacilitatedthespreadofknowledgeandideas.C.Itledtothediscoveryofnewlands.D.Itrevolutionizedthebankingandfinancialsystems.13.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthesecondparagraphtodescribethelastinglegacyoftheRenaissance?A.Itestablishedthefoundationformoderndemocracy.B.Itlaidthegroundworkforthescientificrevolution.C.IttransformedtheartisticandculturallandscapeofEurope.D.ItcreatedaunifiedEuropeanidentity.14.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthethirdparagraphtodescribetheimpactofRenaissancehumanism?A.Itencouragedthesuppressionofindividualthought.B.Itemphasizedtheimportanceofreligiousdogma.C.Itpromotedthestudyofclassicaltextsandhumanpotential.D.Itledtoadeclineinartisticcreativity.15.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthefourthparagraphtodescribetheinfluenceoftheRenaissanceonmodernsociety?A.Ithasbeenlargelyforgottenincontemporaryculture.B.Itcontinuestoinspireartists,scientists,andthinkers.C.Ithashadnoimpactonmodernpoliticalsystems.D.Itisprimarilyrelevanttothestudyofmedievalhistory.Passage4TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralstructureandahavenforadiversearrayofmarinelife.Spanningover2,300kilometers,thereefiscomposedofbillionsoftinycoralpolypsthathavegrownoverthousandsofyears.Itisrenownedforitsstunningbeauty,withvibrantcolorsandintricateformationsthatattractmillionsoftouristseachyear.However,theGreatBarrierReeffacessignificantthreatsduetoclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing.Risingseatemperaturescausecoralbleaching,aphenomenonwherecoralslosetheircolorfulalgaeandbecomevulnerabletodeath.Pollutionfromcoastaldevelopmentandagriculturalrunoffalsoharmsthereefbyintroducingharmfulchemicalsandexcessnutrients.Overfishingdisruptstheecologicalbalance,particularlybydepletingpopulationsoffishthathelpmaintainthereef'shealth.ConservationeffortsareunderwaytoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef,includingtheestablishmentofmarineprotectedareas,reductionofpollution,andresearchintocoralrestorationtechniques.16.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthefirstparagraphtodescribetheGreatBarrierReef?A.Itisprimarilyknownforitsunderwatercavesandtunnels.B.Itisthesmallestcoralreefsystemintheworld.C.ItislocatedoffthecoastofAustralia.D.Itiscomposedmainlyofrockformations.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarythreattotheGreatBarrierReef?A.Overpopulationofmarineanimals.B.Climatechangeandcoralbleaching.C.Theconstructionofnewcoastalresorts.D.Theintroductionofinvasivespecies.18.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthesecondparagraphtodescribetheeffectsofpollutiononthereef?A.Itprovidesessentialnutrientsforcoralgrowth.B.Ithelpstomaintainthereef'secologicalbalance.C.Itintroducesharmfulchemicalsandexcessnutrients.D.Itenhancesthereef'svibrantcolors.19.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanbedonetoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef?A.Increasetourismtogeneraterevenueforconservation.B.Establishmarineprotectedareasandreducepollution.C.Encourageoverfishingtomaintainecologicalbalance.D.Removeallcoralpolypstopreventbleaching.20.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinthethirdparagraphtodescribetheimportanceofconservationefforts?A.Theyareprimarilyfocusedonattractingtourists.B.Theyareunnecessaryduetothereef'sresilience.C.Theyareessentialforpreservingthereef'sbiodiversity.D.Theyareonlyeffectiveinlaboratorysettings.Passage5TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcenturyinBritain,markedaturningpointinhumanhistory,transformingsocietiesfromagrarianandhandcraftedeconomiestoindustrialandtechnologicalones.Theintroductionofmachinery,factories,andnewproductionmethodsledtounprecedentedincreasesinproductivityandeconomicgrowth.However,thisperiodalsobroughtaboutsignificantsocialandenvironmentalchallenges.TherapidurbanizationthataccompaniedtheIndustrialRevolutionledtoovercrowdedandunsanitarylivingconditionsincities,resultinginthespreadofdiseasesandpoorpublichealth.Theexploitationofworkers,includinglonghours,lowwages,anddangerousworkingenvironments,becameamajorconcern.Additionally,therelianceoncoalandotherfossilfuelsforenergycontributedtoairpollutionandenvironmentaldegradation.Despitethesechallenges,theIndustrialRevolutionlaidthefoundationformodernindustrialsociety,influencingtechnologicaladvancements,economicsystems,andsocialstructuresthatcontinuetoshapetheworldtoday.21.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthefirstparagraphtodescribethemainimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution?A.Itledtothedeclineofagricultureandhandcraftedgoods.B.Ittransformedsocietiesfromagrariantoindustrialeconomies.C.Itcausedasignificantincreaseinpopulationgrowth.D.Itimprovedthelivingconditionsofworkers.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthesocialchallengesduringtheIndustrialRevolution?A.Theriseoftradeunionsandworkers'rights.B.Overcrowdedandunsanitarylivingconditions.C.Theestablishmentofpubliceducationsystems.D.Thegrowthofinternationaltradenetworks.23.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthesecondparagraphtodescribetheenvironmentalimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution?A.Itpromotedtheuseofrenewableenergysources.B.Itledtothewidespreadadoptionofsolarpower.C.Itincreasedrelianceoncoalandfossilfuels.D.Itencouragedtheplantingoftreesandreforestation.24.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasamajorconcernduringtheIndustrialRevolution?A.Theabundanceofjobopportunities.B.Theexploitationofworkers.C.Therapidimprovementofpublictransportation.D.Thereductionofurbanization.25.WhichsentencebestfitstheblankinthethirdparagraphtosummarizethelegacyoftheIndustrialRevolution?A.Ithasledtotheestablishmentofglobaltradeblocs.B.Ithastransformedtechnologicaladvancementsandeconomicsystems.C.Ithascausedadeclineintheuseofmachinery.D.Ithasresultedinthewidespreadadoptionofagriculturalpractices.四、阅读理解要求：根据所提供的五篇阅读文章，回答下列问题。每篇文章后面会附有若干道选择题，每题只有一个正确答案。Passage1Thehumanbrainisaremarkableorgan,capableofperforminganincrediblearrayoffunctions.Itcontrolsourthoughts,emotions,andmovements,allowingustonavigatetheworldaroundus.Oneofthemostfascinatingaspectsofthebrainisitsabilitytoadaptandchange,aprocessknownasneuroplasticity.Thismeansthatthebraincanreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.Neuroplasticityiscrucialforlearning,memory,andrecoveryfrominjury.Forexample,ifapersonlosesalimb,thebraincanrewireitselftocompensatefortheloss,oftenbyrepurposingthesensoryandmotorfunctionsofthearea.Thisadaptabilityalsoplaysaroleinthedevelopmentofnewskillsandthemodificationofexistingknowledge.However,thebrain'scapacityforplasticityisnotunlimited,andcertainfactorscaninfluenceitseffectiveness.Age,forinstance,canaffecthoweasilythebrainformsnewconnections,withyoungerbrainsgenerallybeingmoremalleable.Additionally,environmentalfactorssuchasstress,nutrition,and