高一英语第一次月考卷02（全解全析）（北京专用）

-2026学年高一英语上学期第一次月考卷02（北京专用）请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）考生注意：1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。2.答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。3．难度系数：0.65。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。PassingHappinessonIwasstandinginthecheckoutlinebehindawomanwholookedtobeinher60s.Whenitwasherturntopay,thecashieraskedherhowshewasdoing.Thewomanlooked1,shookherheadandsaid,“Notsogood.Myhusbandjustlosthisjob.Idon’tknowhowIgetthroughthedays.”Myheartached.Iwantedto2butdidn’tknowhow.ShouldIoffertopayforhergroceries?AsIwalkedintotheparkinglot,Isawthewomanreturninghershoppingcart.Irememberedsomethinginmypursethat1thoughtcouldhelpher.Itwasn’tahandfulofcash,3maybeitwouldmakeherlifebetter.MyheartpoundedasI4thewoman.“Excuseme,Iheardwhatyousaidjustnow.Itsoundslikeyou’regoingthroughareally5timerightnow.I’msosorry.I’dliketogiveyousomething.”Ihandedherthesmallcardfrommypurse.Whenthewomanreadthecard,shebeganto6.Andthroughhertears,shesaid:“Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanstome.”Iwasalittle7byherreply.Havingneverdoneanythinglikethisbefore,Ididn’tknowwhatkindof8Imightreceive.AllIcouldthinktosaywas:“WoulditbeOKtogiveyouahug?”Afterweembraced,wesaidgood-bye.Thewordsonthecard?:“YouMatter.”Afewweeksearlier,acolleaguegavemeasimilarcardas9foradifficulttaskIwasdoing.WhenIreadthecard,Ifeltawarmglowspreadinsideofme.Deeplytouched,IorderedmyownboxofYouMattercardsandstarted10them.1．A．calm B．bored C．down D．shy2．A．check B．help C．learn D．prove3．A．but B．and C．so D．or4．A．visited B．pushed C．approached D．protected5．A．lucky B．hard C．wonderful D．busy6．A．count B．complain C．cry D．apologize7．A．excited B．scared C．disappointed D．surprised8．A．support B．prize C．attention D．reaction9．A．encouragement B．benefit C．trust D．appreciation10．A．playing B．sharing C．designing D．collecting【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．C5．B6．C7．D8．D9．A10．B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者用“你很重要”的卡片鼓励一个生活艰难的陌生女人的故事。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女士看起来情绪低落，摇头道：“不太好。我丈夫刚刚丢掉了工作。我不知道我是怎么度过这些日子的。”A.calm冷静的；B.bored无聊的；C.down情绪低落的；D.shy害羞的。根据下文“Notsogood.Myhusbandjustlosthisjob.Idon’tknowhowIgetthroughthedays.”可知，女士的丈夫刚刚丢掉了工作，自己无法度过这些日子，因此表现出低落的状态。故选C项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想帮助她但不知道怎么做。A.check检查；B.help帮助；C.learn学习；D.prove证明。根据后文“ShouldIoffertopayforhergroceries?”可知，作者想帮助她结账。故选B项。3．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这不是很多现金，但也许它会让她的生活变得更好。A.but但是；B.and并且；C.so所以；D.or或者。根据上文“Itwasn’tahandfulofcash”以及“Ithoughtcouldhelpher.”可知作者钱包里的不是钱，但可能会帮到她。这里使用表示转折关系的连词。故选A项。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走近那个女人时，我的心砰砰直跳。A.visited拜访；B.pushed推；C.approached接近；D.protected保护。根据后文“Excuseme,Iheardwhatyousaidjustnow.”可知，作者与女士进行了对话，因此是走过去接近她。故选C项。5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听起来你现在正在经历一段非常艰难的时期。A.lucky幸运的；B.hard艰难的；C.wonderful完美的；D.busy忙碌的。根据上文“Notsogood.Myhusbandjustlosthisjob.Idon’tknowhowIgetthroughthedays.”可知，女士的丈夫刚刚丢掉了工作，自己无法度过这些日子，因此在经历一段艰难的时期。故选B项。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当女人读到卡片时，她开始哭了。A.count数；B.complain抱怨；C.cry哭；D.apologize道歉。根据后文“throughhertears”可知，作者此时在哭泣。故选C项。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被她的回复吓到了。A.excited兴奋的；B.scared害怕的；C.disappointed失望的；D.surprised惊喜的。根据上文“Andthroughhertears,shesaid:Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanstome.”可知，女士哭着说这张卡片对于她意义重大。以及下文“Ididn’tknowwhatkindofreactionImightreceive”可知，女士哭着的回答是让作者有些惊讶的。因为作者从没做过这样的事，因此不知道会受到什么样的回复。这里的“吓到”不是因为表达“害怕”而是表达“因为惊讶而吓一跳”。故选D项。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：以前从来没有做过这样的事情，我不知道我可能会收到什么样的反应。A.support支持；B.prize奖品；C.attention注意；D.reaction反应。根据上文“byherreply”可知，作者不知道会收到什么样的回复和反应。故选D项。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前，一位同事给了我一张类似的卡片，作为对我正在做的一项艰巨任务的鼓励。A.encouragement鼓励；B.benefit益处；C.trust信任；D.appreciation欣赏。根据后文“adifficulttaskIwasdoing”可知，作者在做一项复杂任务的时候收到了一张鼓励的卡片，符合本处语境。故选A项。10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：深受感动，我订购了自己的一盒YouMatter卡片并开始与别人分享它们。A.playing玩；B.sharing分享；C.designing设计；D.collecting收藏。根据上文“Ihandedherthesmallcardfrommypurse.”可知，作者对他人分享表示鼓励的卡片。故选B项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Slowingdowncancontributesignificantlytopersonalgrowth.Takingthetime11(rest)allowsustodevelopadeepersenseof12(self-aware).Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsusidentifyimportantareasofourlivesand13(give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.Topractisethis,weneedtoestablishclear14(edge)inourpersonalandprofessionallife.【答案】11．torest12．self-awareness13．gives14．edges【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在我们的生活中学会慢下来的好处。11．考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息能让我们培养更深刻的自我意识。takethetimetodosth.是固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”，所以这里用torest。故填torest。12．考查名词。句意同上。of是介词，后面接名词作宾语，self-aware的名词形式是self-awareness，意为“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。13．考查动词时态。句意：当我们放慢节奏时，就为自己创造了反思思绪与情感的空间，这有助于我们明确生活中重要的方面，并让我们有机会做出正确的选择。and连接两个并列的谓语动词，helps是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，此处为gives。故填gives。14．考查名词。句意：为了践行这一点，我们需要在个人生活和职业生活中划定清晰的界限。edge意为“界限；边界”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填edges。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Jimmyhasjustcometoanewseniorsecondaryschoolforafewweeks.Heisfeelingdownthesedaysbecausehefindsitstressfulforhim15(adapt)tothenewenvironment.Heknowsthat16(chat)morewithhisclassmatescanhelpbringhimasenseofrelax.Toachievethisgoal,hedecidestotryhisbesttopreparehimself17allthefuturechallenges.【答案】15．toadapt16．chatting17．for【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Jimmy刚到一所新的高中对于适应新环境有很大压力，他知道和同学多聊聊天能让他放松下来，为了实现这一目标，他决定尽最大努力为未来的挑战做好准备。15．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些天他情绪低落，因为他觉得适应新环境压力很大。it是动词finds后的形式宾语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语，故填toadapt。16．考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道和同学多聊聊天能让他放松下来。空处是从句的主语，表示一般性的动作，使用动名词形式，故填chatting。17．考查介词。句意：为了实现这个目标，他决定尽自己最大的努力为未来的挑战做好准备。prepareoneselffor...“使自己为……做好准备”，固定短语，故填for。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。YOLO,directedbyJiaLing,wasthehighest-grossingfilminChinaovertheLunarNewYear.18(adapt)fromthe2014Japanesemovie100YanLove,YOLOcentersonthetransformationofLeYing.Leisanjoblesswoman19her30sstilllivingwithherparentswhoselifetransformsaftermeetingaboxingcoachthatchangesherlife.ThespiritofYOLO,withthetitlemeaning“youonlyliveonce”,20(carry)auniversalmessage—self-loveandself-esteem(自尊),whichformsthegroundworkforthefilmtobridgeculturalgapsandattractaglobalaudience.【答案】18．Adapted19．in20．carries【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了贾玲导演的《热辣滚烫》是中国春节期间票房最高的电影，以及这部电影传达的精神和价值观。18．考查非谓语动词。句意：《热辣滚烫》改编自2014年的日本电影《百元之恋》，讲述了LeYing的蜕变。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，adapt和逻辑主语YOLO为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填Adapted。19．考查介词。句意：Le是一名30多岁的无业女性，她和父母住在一起，在遇到改变她生活的拳击教练后，她的生活发生了变化。根据句意以及空后her30s可知，此处为介词in后接“one’s+整十的复数”即：inon’s+整十的复数，表示“在某人的几十岁时候”。故填in。20．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：《热辣滚烫》的精神，顾名思义就是“你只能活一次”，传达了一个普遍的信息——自爱和自尊，这也为这部电影跨越文化鸿沟、吸引全球观众奠定了基础。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由从句动词forms可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语ThespiritofYOLO为单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填carries。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFouramazingbooksforchildrenTrooFriendSarah’sparentsarealwaysbusy,sotheyinvestinthelatestartificialintelligence—aTrooFriend560MarkIV—tokeeptheirdaughtercompany.Havingarobotfriendmaynotbeasstraightforwardastheyexpect,though,especiallywhenitstartstodevelophumanfeelings.PollyPecorinoWhenMr.andMrs.Snell,thedishonestownersofHappyDaysZoo,stealababybear,it’suptoPollyPecorinotohelp.CanshebebraveenoughtostanduptotheSnellsandreturnthebearcubtothewoods?Fullofattractivepictures,thisisalovelystoryofakindlygirlandalostbear.Pages&Co:TillyandtheBookwanderersTillyhaslivedabovehergrandmother’sbookshopeversincehermotherdisappeared.Oneday,Tillyrealizesthatcharactersfrombooksareappearingintheshop.WiththehelpofthemaincharactersinAnneofGreenGablesandAliceinWonderland,Tillysetsouttodiscoverwhathappenedtohermother.LaughOutLoudWrittenbyJamesPatterson,thisbookisabout12-year-oldJimmy’sattemptstosetupabookcompanythatisrunbypeopleofhisownage.Jimmylovesreadingandusesthisasaninspirationforthecompany,makingitasimaginativeandfunasWillyWonka’schocolatefactory.Thebookhaslotsoffunnyandcleverreferencestootherbooksforyoungpeople.21．WhatproblemdoSarah’sfamilyhavewiththeirrobotfriend?A．Itisn’tgoodathelpingchildrenlearn. B．Itdoesn’tgivewantedcareandlove.C．Itspeakstoostraightforwardly. D．Ithasemotionslikehumans.22．Whatdothelasttwobookshaveincommon?A．Theymakementionofotherchildren’sbooks. B．Theyarestoriesaboutrunningabusiness.C．Theytalkaboutfamilyrelationships. D．Theyinspirechildrentohelpothers.23．Whichbookbestsuitschildrenwhocareaboutanimals?A．TrooFriend. B．PollyPecorino.C．LaughOutLoud. D．Pages&Co:TillyandtheBookwanderers.【答案】21．D22．A23．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本儿童书籍的情况。21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Havingarobotfriendmaynotbeasstraightforwardastheyexpect,though,especiallywhenitstartstodevelophumanfeelings.(然而，拥有一个机器人朋友可能不像他们想象的那么简单，尤其是当它开始发展人类的感情时)”可知，莎拉的家的机器人朋友的问题是它像人类一样有情感。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“WiththehelpofthemaincharactersinAnneofGreenGablesandAliceinWonderland,Tillysetsouttodiscoverwhathappenedtohermother.(在《绿山墙的安妮》和《爱丽丝梦游仙境》中主要人物的帮助下，蒂莉开始调查她母亲的下落)”以及最后一段“Jimmylovesreadingandusesthisasaninspirationforthecompany,makingitasimaginativeandfunasWillyWonka’schocolatefactory.(吉米喜欢阅读，并以此作为公司的灵感来源，使其像威利旺卡的巧克力工厂一样富有想象力和乐趣)”可知，最后两本书都提到了其他儿童书籍。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据第二段“WhenMr.andMrs.Snell,thedishonestownersofHappyDaysZoo,stealababybear,it’suptoPollyPecorinotohelp.CanshebebraveenoughtostanduptotheSnellsandreturnthebearcubtothewoods?Fullofattractivepictures,thisisalovelystoryofakindlygirlandalostbear.(当快乐时光动物园不诚实的主人斯内尔夫妇偷了一只熊宝宝时，波莉·佩科里诺来帮忙了。她是否有足够的勇气来对抗这些气味，并将熊宝宝送回森林？这是一个关于一个善良的女孩和一只迷路的熊的可爱故事，充满了迷人的图片)”可知，PollyPecorino最适合关心动物的孩子。故选B。BIoncewasaquick-temperedboy.IfImumbled(嘟哝),Igotangry.WhenIgotangry,I’dyellatanyonenearby,notcaringwhotheywereorwhattheyweredoing.Thentheywouldmakefunofme.Eventually,manypeoplearoundmedislikedmebecauseofthis.Theystartedavoidingme.EventhoughIfeltlikeIneededtoimprovemyself,Ididn’tknowhow.Myfatherwaspatientwithmeandonedayhegavemeabasketfullofnails(钉子)andahammer(铁锤).EverytimeIgotangry,headvisedmetoavoidscolding(责骂)thepeopleinvolvedandhammeranailintothewoodenfencebehindthehouseuntilIcalmeddown.Thefirstday,Ihammeredabout50nailsintothefence.Asthedayspassed,Ilearnedtocontrolmyhurtfulspeechinfrontofthosewhomademeangry.OnlywhenIgotangryshouldIgoandhammerthenailsimmediately!Eventually,beforeIcouldtakethebasketandhammerandgotothefence,myangercooledandIstartedhammeringnailsintothefenceless.Inafewdays,Inolongerfelttheneedtohammernailsintothefence.Iwenttomyfatherandtoldhimthedetails.Althoughhewashappyinside,hedidn’tshowit.HegavemeanailpullerandaskedmetopulloutthenailsIhadhammeredintothefenceonebyone.Ittookmeawholedaytopullthemallout.Afterpullingoutallthenails,myfatherandIwenttoseethefence.Myfathershowedmethescarswherethenailshadbeenpulledoutfromthefenceandsaid,“Whenyougetangry,youloseyourmindandsaythingslikethisnail.Evenifyouapologizeforspeakingasifyouwerepullingoutanail,thewoundleftbythosewordsisjustashardtohealasthescarfromthisnail.”Itoounderstoodtheconceptwell,changed,grewuptorespectmyvillage,andachievedmanysuccessesinlife.24．Whatdidtheboydowhenhegotangryatthebeginning?A．Hebehavedrudelytopeoplearound.B．Heapologizedtothepeoplehehadhurt.C．Heavoidedpeoplewhomadehimangry.D．Heimmediatelyhammerednailsintothefence.25．Whydidtheboy’sfathergivehimnailsandahammer?A．Tohelphimcontrolhisanger.B．Topunishhimforhisbadbehavior.C．Toteachhimhowtorepairthefence.D．Tomakehimstrongerbyhammeringnails.26．Howdidthefatherreactwhentheboystoppedhammeringnails?A．Heapologizedtotheboy.B．Heshowedhisinnerhappiness.C．Heaskedtheboytoremovethenails.D．Hetoldtheboytorepairthedamagedfence.27．Whichbestsummarizesthemainlessonofthisstory?A．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B．Timehealsallwounds.C．Practicemakesperfect.D．What’sdonecannotbeundone.【答案】24．A25．A26．C27．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个脾气暴躁的男孩在父亲的引导下，学会控制愤怒并明白言语伤人难以弥补的道理，最终实现自我改变的故事。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenIgotangry,I’dyellatanyonenearby,notcaringwhotheywereorwhattheyweredoing.(当我生气的时候，我会对附近的任何人大喊大叫，不管他们是谁，在做什么)”可知，男孩一开始生气时，会对周围的人举止粗鲁。故选A项。25．细节理解题。根据第二段“EverytimeIgotangry,headvisedmetoavoidscoldingthepeopleinvolvedandhammeranailintothewoodenfencebehindthehouseuntilIcalmeddown.(每次我生气的时候，他都建议我不要责骂相关的人，而是在房子后面的木栅栏上钉一颗钉子，直到我平静下来)”可知，父亲给男孩钉子和锤子是为了帮助他控制愤怒。故选A项。26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Inafewdays,Inolongerfelttheneedtohammernailsintothefence.Iwenttomyfatherandtoldhimthedetails.Althoughhewashappyinside,hedidn’tshowit.HegavemeanailpullerandaskedmetopulloutthenailsIhadhammeredintothefenceonebyone.(几天之内，我再也不觉得有必要往栅栏上钉钉子了。我去找父亲，把这些情况一五一十地告诉了他。尽管他心里很高兴，却没有表现出来。他给了我一个拔钉器，让我把钉在栅栏上的钉子一个一个拔出来)”可知，当男孩不再钉钉子时，父亲让他把钉子拔掉。故选C项。27．主旨大意题。根据第三段父亲的话“Whenyougetangry,youloseyourmindandsaythingslikethisnail.Evenifyouapologizeforspeakingasifyouwerepullingoutanail,thewoundleftbythosewordsisjustashardtohealasthescarfromthisnail.(当你生气的时候，你会失去理智，说出这样的话就像这颗钉子一样。即使你为自己说的话道歉，就像拔出钉子一样，但那些话留下的伤口就像这颗钉子留下的疤痕一样难以愈合)”可知，故事的主要教训是做过的事无法挽回。故选D项。CBeneaththequietsurfaceofaforestliesabusynetworkscientistscallthe“WoodWideWeb”.Farfrombeingisolatedindividuals,treescommunicate,shareresources,andevensendwarningsthroughanundergroundsystemoffungi(真菌).Thekeyplayersinthishiddenconversationaremycorrhizalfungi.Thesethread-likeorganismsconnecttreeroots,formingvastnetworks.ResearchfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiarevealsthatupto90%oflandplantsdependonthesefungi.Throughthisinterdependentrelationship,treesexchangenutrientslikecarbonandnitrogen.Older“mothertrees”oftenactashubs,sendingextrasugarstoyoungersaplingsstrugglinginshadedareas—aphenomenoncalled“forestfamilyconnections”.Whenunderattack,treesreleasechemicalsignals.A2023studyinNatureEcology&Evolutiondemonstratesthatacaciatrees(金合欢树)bittenbygiraffesproduceethylene(乙烯)gas.Nearbytreespickupthesechemicalsignalsfromtheairwithinminutesandincreasetannin(鞣酸)production,makingtheirleavesbitterandlesstasty.Similarly,pinetreesattackedbybeetlessendoutwarningsignalsthroughfungalnetworks,pushingneighborstoboostdefensiveresins(树脂).Notallinteractionsarecooperative.Someplants,liketheghostorchid,hackthenetworktostealnutrientsfromnearbytreeswithoutofferinganythinginreturn.Otherspecies,suchasblackwalnuttrees,releasetoxins(毒素)torestraincompetitors—astrategycalled“biologicalwarfare”byecologists.Understandingthis“socialnetwork”challengestraditionalviewsofforests.Loggingdominantmothertreescancollapseentireecosystems,muchlikeremovingserversfromtheInternet.Scientistsnowadvocateforselectivecuttingpracticesthatpreservefungalnetworks,ensuringforests’resilience(适应力)toclimatechange.AsauthorPeterWohllebennotesinTheHiddenLifeofTrees,“Forestsaresuper-organismswithintelligencewe’rejustbeginningtodecode.”Thissilentdialoguebeneathourfeetremindsusthatnature’sdeepestconversationsoftenhappenwithoutasingleword.28．Whatmethoddoacaciatreesusetowarnnearbytreesofgiraffefeeding?A．Producingdefensiveresinsinbark. B．Transmittingelectricalsignalsthroughroots.C．Releasingawarninggasintotheair. D．Increasingsugardistributionviafungalnetworks.29．Whatdoes“biologicalwarfare”refertoinparagraph4?A．Usingchemicalstokillinsects. B．Releasingpoisonstocontaincompetitors.C．Fightingforsunlightthroughheight. D．Stealingnutrientsviaundergroundroots.30．Whyshouldmothertreesbepreservedaccordingtoscientists?A．Theyattractdiversewildlifespecies. B．Theyofferyoungtreesnutrients.C．Theybattleagainstclimatechange. D．Theymaintainecosystemstability.31．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Thedefensivestrategiesoftrees. B．Thecooperativeinteractionbetweentrees.C．Theimportantroleofmothertrees. D．Thehiddencommunicationamongtrees.【答案】28．C29．B30．D31．D【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了森林中被科学家称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络系统。28．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A2023studyinNatureEcology&Evolutiondemonstratesthatacaciatrees(金合欢树)bittenbygiraffesproduceethylene(乙烯)gas.Nearbytreespickupthesechemicalsignalsfromtheairwithinminutesandincreasetannin(鞣酸)production,makingtheirleavesbitterandlesstasty.(2023年《自然•生态与进化》上的一项研究表明，被长颈鹿啃食的金合欢树会产生乙烯气体。附近的树木会在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，并增加鞣酸的产生，使它们的叶子变得更苦且口感变差。)”可知，金合欢树是通过向空气中释放乙烯这种警告气体来提醒附近树木有长颈鹿在进食。故选C项。29．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Notallinteractionsarecooperative.Someplants,liketheghostorchid,hackthenetworktostealnutrientsfromnearbytreeswithoutofferinganythinginreturn.Otherspecies,suchasblackwalnuttrees,releasetoxins(毒素)torestraincompetitors(并非所有的互动都是合作性的。有些植物，比如幽灵兰花，会利用网络从附近的树木中窃取养分，却不给予任何回报。其他物种，如黑胡桃树，则会释放毒素来抑制竞争对手)”可推理出，biologicalwarfare指的是释放毒素来抑制竞争对手。故选B项。30．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Loggingdominantmothertreescancollapseentireecosystems,muchlikeremovingserversfromtheInternet.(砍伐占主导地位的母树可能会使整个生态系统崩溃，这就好比从互联网中移除服务器一样。)”可知，科学家认为应该保护母树是因为它们能维持生态系统的稳定。故选D项。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneaththequietsurfaceofaforestliesabusynetworkscientistscallthe‘WoodWideWeb’.Farfrombeingisolatedindividuals,treescommunicate,shareresources,andevensendwarningsthroughanundergroundsystemoffungi(真菌).(在安静的森林表面下，隐藏着一个繁忙的网络，科学家称之为“森林万维网”。树木不是孤立的个体，而是通过真菌的地下系统交流、共享资源，甚至发出警告。)”和最后一段中的“Thissilentdialoguebeneathourfeetremindsusthatnature’sdeepestconversationsoftenhappenwithoutasingleword.(我们脚下的这种无声对话提醒我们，自然界最深刻的交流往往无需一言半语。)”可知，文章开篇就提到森林中存在被称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络，树木通过它进行无声交流、共享资源。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是树木之间隐藏的交流。故选D项。DWeareasocialanimal.Indeed,itisoursociality—suchastheabilitytomakesenseofeachother,tocommunicate,toworkcooperativelyand,finally,tocreateculture—thatmarksusofffromotheranimalspecies.Butthenwhyareweeverywherestrivingtoincreaseourisolationandlimitourcontactwithothers?AsmusicianDavidByrnearguesinanessaypublishedlastmonth,itisastrikingfactaboutthenewtechnologiesthathavesocometoshapeourlives,thattheyhavepreciselythiseffect:theylimitourneedforhumancontact.Onlineshopping?Check.Automatedcheckout?Check.Ridehailapps?Check.Efficiencyisthekey.Wepurchaseefficiencybylimitingthehumanaspect,knownas“autonomousoperation”.Thisisperhapsevenmorepronouncedwithnewtechnologiesonthehorizon.TaketheMOOC,theteacher-lessvirtualclassroom.AsByrnenotes,thisismeanttodeliverthevaluesofalearningenvironmentwithout,well,withouttheenvironment—yougettostayathome—noteacher,butalso,nofellowstudents.Byrneisn’tclaimingweareconsciouslychoosingtoisolateourselves.Weshoponlinebecauseitisconvenient.Theabsenceofcontactwithothersisaside-effect.Maybeevenanunavoidableone,asoneofthethingsthatmakesonlineshoppingsoeasyispreciselytheabsenceofcontactwithotherpeople.ButBryne’sthoughtisthatwhateverourintention,thetendencyofourtechtoisolateusmaybeafeature,notabug.Hishypothesisisthatweactually,atsomelevel,crave(渴望)theincreasedisolationandweareactuallymakingtechnologiestosatisfyimpulsesthat,insomeway,gobeyondoragainstoursocialnature.ButIwonder,isthisreallynew?Evenifwearesocialbynature,anddoeverythingwecantoembedourselvessocially,theneedtofindwaystobealoneis,well,nothingnew.It’salsostrikingthattheveryactivitiesthatriskseparatingus—intheolddays,books,newspapers,TV;nowadays,thelatestappsalsoconnectus.Wereadabouteachother.Whatwereadgivesusinformationtosharewitheachother.Iamwellawareofthedatathatshowsthemoretimeyouspendonsocialmedia,thesadderandmoreisolatedandenviousyoufeelofothers.Buthownovelistheisolatingeffectofsocialmedia?Beingthereremindsmealotofwhatitwasliketobesocialinhighschool—youhaveavividsenseofyourstatusandyourstandinginrelationtoothers,andyouhavetodealwiththat.Thismaybeisolating,sure.Butit’stheisolatingfaceofthesocialliveswe’vealwayshad.Itisisolatingbecauseofthewaystechnologybringsusintorealcontactwithothers,notbecauseitremovesthatcontact.Iwonderwhethermoreisolationisarealoption,afterall.32．Whichofthefollowingbestreflects“autonomousoperation”?A．Gettingatoothbrushviaahoteldeliveryrobot.B．Teachingmomhowtoestablishasmarthome.C．Seekinghelpbycallinghumancustomerservices.D．Havinganonlinemeetingathomewithcolleagues.33．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragree?A．Technologyoffersfreshinsightsintooursocialstatus.B．Actionsseeminglyisolatingcanbondpeople.C．Socialplatformshelpbringpeoplecloser.D．Socialmediahascometodefineourlife.34．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhatTechnologiesDotoHumanNature B．DoTechnologiesShapeOurLives?C．HowIsolationChangeswithConnection D．CanWeEraseHumanElement?【答案】32．A33．B34．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在线购物和社交媒体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独，但同时强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会，反映了现代社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。32．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Efficiencyisthekey.Wepurchaseefficiencybylimitingthehumanaspect,knownas“autonomousoperation”.Thisisperhapsevenmorepronouncedwithnewtechnologiesonthehorizon.TaketheMOOC,theteacher-lessvirtualclassroom.AsByrnenotes,thisismeanttodeliverthevaluesofalearningenvironmentwithout,well,withouttheenvironment—yougettostayathome—noteacher,butalso,nofellowstudents.(效率是关键。我们通过限制人的方面来获得效率，被称为“自主操作”。随着新技术的出现，这一点可能更加明显。以MOOC为例，即没有教师的虚拟课堂。正如伯恩所指出的，这意味着在没有环境的情况下，传递学习环境的价值——你可以呆在家里——没有老师，也没有同学)”可知，通过限制人为因素（即自主操作）来提高效率。由此推知，通过酒店送货机器人获取牙刷正好符合“自主操作”的定义，因为这一过程中没有人为的参与，完全由机器人自主完成。故选A。33．推理判断题。由文章第六段中“Evenifwearesocialbynature,anddoeverythingwecantoembedourselvessocially,theneedtofindwaystobealoneis,well,nothingnew.It’salsostrikingthattheveryactivitiesthatriskseparatingus—intheolddays,books,newspapers,TV;nowadays,thelatestapps—alsoconnectus.Wereadabouteachother.Whatwereadgivesusinformationtosharewitheachother.(即使我们天生具有社交性，并尽我们所能融入社会，寻找独处方式的需求也不是什么新鲜事。同样令人吃惊的是，那些有可能把我们分开的活动——在过去，书籍、报纸、电视；如今，最新的应用程序也连接着我们。我们互相了解对方。我们所读的东西给我们提供信息，让我们彼此分享)”可推知，作者认为看似孤立的行为实际上可以让人们产生联系。故选B。34．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Butthenwhyareweeverywherestrivingtoincreaseourisolationandlimitourcontactwithothers?AsmusicianDavidByrnearguesinanessaypublishedlastmonth,itisastrikingfactaboutthenewtechnologiesthathavesocometoshapeourlives,thattheyhavepreciselythiseffect:theylimitourneedforhumancontact.Onlineshopping?Check.Automatedcheckout?Check.Ridehailapps?Check.(但是，为什么我们到处都在努力增加我们的孤立，限制我们与他人的接触呢？正如音乐家DavidByrn在上月发表的一篇文章中所指出的那样，新技术如此塑造了我们的生活，一个令人震惊的事实是，它们恰恰具有这样的效果：它们限制了我们对人际交往的需求。)”可知，文章主语讨论了在线购物和社交媒体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独，但同时强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会，反映了现代社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。由此可知，D项“CanWeEraseHumanElement?(我们能抹去人类元素吗？)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Artisallaroundus.Itcanbefoundeverywhere,includingfancygalleries,people’slivingrooms,andonthesidesofbuildings.So,whyisartimportant?Itpromotesexpressionandcreativity.Ashumans,we’renaturallydrawntoartasaformofexpressionandcommunication.35It’sawayforthemtoexpressthemselvesbeforethey’reabletospeak.Infact,participationintheartsmayevenassistkidswithlanguage,motorskills,andvisuallearningdevelopment.36.Whensomeoneappliesforajob,therearecertainskillstheyneedtohavelikedataanalysisorbookkeeping.However,manyemployersalsounderstandtheveryimportantneedfortheskillswhicharehardtomeasureandoftendifficulttodefine.Someexamplesincludeaperson’sabilitytoadapttochange,thinkcreatively,orcollaboratewithteammembers.Itprovideshistoricalcontext.37.Thisiswhypeoplededicatetheirlivestostudyingcaveart,Shakespeareanplays,andsomuchmore.Whenwetakethetimetodiveintoartcreatedinthepast,wecanlearnaboutothergenerationsanderas.Wecanstudyarttofindoutwhatthosebeforeuswerefacingandhowtheyovercameit.38.Intherapy(疗法)settings,artalsoprovidesanopportunityfordiggingdeeperandexpressingemotionsthataredifficulttodiscuss.39.Inoneimportantstudy,childrenbetween6and12wereaskedtodrawahouseasadistractionafterthinkingaboutsomethingupsetting.Thisgroupwasabletoimprovetheirmoodwhencomparedwithchildrenwhowereinstructedtodrawthenegativeeventorsimplycopyanotherdrawing.A．Ithelpsallofusdevelopnecessarysoftskills.B．Theseareitsmajorbenefits.C．Itcanhelppeoplehandlementalproblems.D．Artandhumanhistorygohand-in-hand.E．Similarly,futuregenerationswilllearnaboutcurrenteventsbytheartweleavebehind.F．Howdoesithaveanimpactonourlife?G．Childrenlovetodraw,singanddance.【答案】35．G36．A37．D38．E39．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了艺术重要的原因。35．根据下文“It’sawayforthemtoexpressthemselvesbeforethey’reabletospeak.”（这是他们在会说话之前表达自己的一种方式。）和“Infact,participationintheartsmayevenassistkidswithlanguage,motorskills,andvisuallearningdevelopment.”（事实上，参与艺术活动甚至可以帮助孩子提高语言、运动技能和视觉学习能力。）可知，下一句中的“them”和“they”指的是“孩子”，选项G.Childrenlovetodraw,sing,anddance.（孩子们喜欢画画、唱歌和跳舞。）与下文句意相连，“them”和“they”指代G中的“Chidren”，“It”指代G中提到的“draw,singanddance”，衔接合理。故选G。36．空处为该段的主题句，分析了艺术重要的原因之一。根据下文“However,manyemployersalsounderstandtheveryimportantneedforthe