专题八　情态动词和虚拟语气 2026年高考英语第一轮总复习

第二部分语法专题讲析专题八情态动词和虚拟语气考点一

can，could与be

able

to的用法①It

was

really

annoying；I

couldn’t

get

across

to

the

data

bank

you

had

recommended.(过去的能力)真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。②If

you

have

a

good

sleep，you

will

be

able

to

work

out

this

problem.(将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。③The

fire

spread

through

the

hotel

very

quickly

but

everyone

was

able

to

get

out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了

出去。④I

could

have

worked

out

the

problem，but

I

was

too

nervous.(本来有能力做但未做)我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。⑤How

could

you

do

such

a

silly

thing？(表示惊讶)你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？

⑥Can

I

have

a

word

with

you？

It

won’t

take

long.(表示请求)我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。考点总结

1.

表示现在的能力：can，am/is/are

able

to。2.

表示将来的能力：will

be

able

to。3.

表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是

否成功地做了；was/were

able

to表示过去有能力做而且经过

一番努力成功地做了。4.

can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。5.

can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可

以”。6.

跟在其他动词，如might，

may，

would，

want，

hope，

used

to等之后表示能力，只能用be

able

to。考点二

may与might的用法①—May

I

play

basketball

this

afternoon？—No，you

can’t.——今天下午我可以打篮球吗？——不，不行。②You

may/might

feel

all

the

training

a

waste

of

time，but

I’m

a

hundred

percent

sure

later

you’ll

be

grateful

you

did

it.你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百地确

定你以后会庆幸你这么做了。③If

you

think

the

price

of

beef

is

too

high，you

might

as

well

buy

some

pork.It

depends

on

you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。考点总结

1.

表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一

些，否定回答时要用mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止，阻

止”之意。2.

may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。3.

“may/might

as

well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不

如”。考点三

must的用法①—Can’t

you

stay

a

little

longer？—It’s

getting

late.I

really

must

go

now.My

daughter

is

home

alone.——难道你不能再多逗留一会儿吗？——时间不早了。我现在确实得走了。我的女儿自己在家。②Progress

must

lead

to

a

better

life

and

a

better

way

of

doing

things.发展一定会促成一种更好的生活，更好的做事情的方法。③If

you

must

go，at

least

wait

until

the

storm

is

over.如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。考点总结

1.

must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令

或指令，语气比较强烈。2.

must表示必要性，意为“必须”。3.

must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。考点四

need与dare的用法①As

far

as

I’m

concerned，you

needn’t

worry

about

us

now.就我个人而言，你现在没有必要担心我们。②Adults

need

to

live

their

own

lives

and

that’s

difficult

with

children.大人需要过他们自己的生活，但有了孩子就很难做到了。③How

dare

you

say

I’m

unfair？你竟敢说我不公平？④He

daren’t/doesn’t

dare

(to)

speak

English

before

such

a

crowd.在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。考点总结

1.

need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2.

dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件

从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。[名师点津]

在肯定句中need和dare通常为实义动词，有

人称、数及时态的变化，否定和疑问需借助助动词do及其

变形。考点五

will与would的用法①Would

you

mind

opening

the

window

for

me？请你给我打开窗户好吗？②Due

to

its

great

importance，every

student

in

China

would

do

his

best

to

get

ready

for

it，and

I

am

no

exception.由于它的重要性，在中国每一个学生都会做最好的准备，我

也不例外。③Every

morning

he

will

have

a

walk

along

this

river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。④Mum

would

tell

us

stories

before

we

went

to

bed.过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。考点总结

1.

表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2.

will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3.

will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总

要”之意。4.

would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used

to正式，

但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。考点六

shall，should与ought

to的用法①—Sorry，Mum！I

failed

the

job

interview

again.—Oh，it’s

too

bad.You

should

have

made

full

preparations.——对不起，妈妈！这次工作面试我又失败了。——噢，太糟了。你本应该做好充分准备的。②—What

time

shall

I

pick

you

up

at

your

house

tomorrow，sir？—I

haven’t

decided

on

the

time.But

I

will

call

you.——先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？——我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。③You

shall

not

get

my

support

if

you

do

such

a

thing.假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。④What

do

you

mean，there

are

only

ten

tickets？

There

should

be

twelve.你说的是什么意思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。⑤You

ought

not

to

be

late

for

such

an

important

meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。⑥According

to

the

newly-made

traffic

regulation，whoever

drives

through

a

red

light

shall

be

fined

at

least

200

dollars.根据新的交通法规，不论谁驾车闯红灯，罚款至少200美元。考点总结

1.

shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求

对方的意见和向对方请示。2.

shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对

方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3.

should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。

should有

时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”。4.

“Why/How＋

should结构”表示说话人对某事不能理

解，有感到意外、惊讶等意思，意为“竟会”。5.

ought

to表示“应该”。6.

shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该”。考点七

情态动词表推测的用法①You’d

better

put

on

a

heavy

coat.Sometimes

it

can

be

very

cold

here

at

night.你最好穿上一件厚的大衣，在这里晚上有时很冷。②It

couldn’t

be

the

vocabulary

that

caused

you

the

problem

in

the

exercise

because

you

know

a

lot

of

words.不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道很多单

词。③—You

needn’t

take

an

umbrella.It

isn’t

going

to

rain.—Well，I

don’t

know.It

might

do.——你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。——哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。④—Good

morning.I’ve

got

an

appointment

with

Miss

Smith

in

the

Personnel

Department.—Ah，good

morning.You

must

be

Mrs.

Peters.——早上好，我和人事部的史密斯小姐有约。——啊哈，早上好。那您一定就是皮特斯女士了。⑤There

shouldn’t

be

any

difficulty

about

passing

the

road

test

since

you

have

practiced

a

lot

in

the

driving

school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。考点总结

1.

can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时

会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表

示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t

意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。2.

may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的

推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，

may

not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。3.

must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必

定”，表示十分肯定的语气（在疑问句中或否定句中要用

can/could）。4.

should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道

理来说应当如此”的意思。考点八

“情态动词＋have

done”的用法①Sorry，I’m

late.I

might

have

turned

off

the

alarm

clock

and

gone

back

to

sleep

again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。②Look！There

are

so

many

mistakes

in

your

composition.You

should

have

fixed

full

attention

on

it.看！你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力

都集中在它上面的。考点总结情态动词＋have

done用法must

have

done一定做过某事，只用于肯定句中，其

否定形式为can’t/cannot

have

donecould

have

done1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事couldn’t

have

done不可能做过某事情态动词＋have

done用法may/might

have

done或许/可能做过某事should/ought

to

have

done本该做但却未做，其否定形式“should

not/ought

not

to

have

done”表示本不该

做但却做了needn’t

have

done做了本没有必要做的事情考点九

if条件句中的虚拟语气①If

you

didn’t

smoke

so

much，you

might

get

rid

of

cough

sooner.如果你不抽那么多烟，你可能很快就不咳嗽了。②If

I

hadn’t

seen

it

with

my

own

eyes，I

wouldn’t

have

believed

it.如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。③We

would

have

called

a

taxi

yesterday

if

Harold

hadn’t

offered

us

a

ride

home.如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。④Grace

doesn’t

want

to

move

to

New

York

because

she

thinks

if

she

were

to

live

there，she

wouldn’t

be

able

to

see

her

parents

very

often.格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她

就不能经常看到父母了。考点总结if条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事

实相反动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should/would/could/might

＋动词原形与过去事

实相反had＋过去分词should/would/could/might

＋have＋过去分词与将来事

实相反should＋动词原形should/would/could/might

＋动词原形动词过去式were

to＋动词原形考点十

错综时间条件句的虚拟语气①If

we

had

booked

a

table

earlier，we

wouldn’t

be

standing

here

in

a

queue.如果我们早一点订一张桌子，现在就不会站在这里排队了。②If

you

hadn’t

left

home

without

a

word，your

parents

wouldn’t

be

so

worried

now.要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。考点总结当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生

的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”。主句和从

句的动词形式要根据谓语动作发生的时间采用相应的谓语

动词形式。考点十一

省略if的倒装句①Were

she

to

live

abroad，she

wouldn’t

be

able

to

see

her

best

friends

very

often.如果她住到国外，她就不能经常看到她最好的朋友了。②Had

he

caught

the

morning

train，he

would

not

have

been

late

for

the

meeting.如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。考点总结当虚拟条件状语从句中有should，had或were时，可省略

if，且把were，had，should提到主语前，变为倒装句式。考点十二

含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气①We

lost

our

way

in

that

small

village，otherwise

we

would

have

visited

more

places

of

interest

yesterday.我们在那个小村庄迷路了，否则的话，我们昨天能参观更多

的名胜。②—Did

you

make

it

at

last？—Yes.But

for

your

help，it

would

have

caused

a

serious

loss.——你最终成功了吗？——是的，要不是你的帮助，可能会导致严重的损失。考点总结有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而是由

otherwise，but，or，without，but

for等词或短语来引导或者

通过上下文引出。考点十三

(should)＋do…结构的虚拟语气①The

school

recommends

parents

not

permit

their

children

to

swim

in

rivers

or

lakes

during

summer

holidays.学校建议父母在暑假不要允许他们的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。②It

is

suggested

that

the

meeting

(should)

be

put

off

till

next

week.人们建议将会议推迟到下周。③My

idea

is

that

we

(should)

think

it

over

before

accepting

it.我的想法是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。④Your

suggestion

that

the

door

(should)be

shut

when

we

leave

is

reasonable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。考点总结

1.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾

语从句中常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，

suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，

prefer，desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构

为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

2.

用于主语从句中在It

is

desired/suggested/proposed/strange/necessary/important/recommended/natural/a

pity/essential＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。3.

用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，

advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，

其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

考点十四

其他句型中的虚拟语气①When

my

father

is

upset，he

would

rather

we

left

him

alone.当我的父亲烦恼的时候，他更喜欢我们不打扰他。②It’s

high

time

that

we

devoted

ourselves

to

environmental

protection

and

ecological

improvement.是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。③She

speaks

English

as

if/as

though

she

were

a

native

of

New

York.她讲英语好像她是一位地道的纽约人。④Look

at

the

trouble

we’re

in.If

only

we

had

taken

our

teacher’s

advice！看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！考点总结

1.

would

rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁

愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用

过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。2.

在“It

is

（about/high）time＋that从句”中，谓语动

词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。3.

as

if，as

though引导的方式状语从句中常用虚拟语

气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去

完成时。4.

if

only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。句子

多用一般过去时或过去完成时。

◆情态动词、虚拟语气与语法填空对于情态动词在语法填空中的考查主要注意情态动词的一般

用法以及“情态动词＋

have

done”；而对于虚拟语气的考

查，除了注意情态动词的选用，还需注意一般过去时与过去

完成时在虚拟语气中的考查。[典题试做]在空白处填入适当的情态动词或括号内所给动词的正确形

式。1.

In

today’s

information

age，the

loss

of

data

cause

serious

problems

for

a

company.2.

They

might

have

found

a

better

hotel

if

they

⁠

(drive)

a

few

more

kilometers.3.

There

is

a

good

social

life

in

the

village，and

I

wish

I

(have)

a

second

chance

to

become

more

involved.can

had

driven

had

4.

If

we

(catch)

the

flight

yesterday，we

would

be

enjoying

our

holiday

on

the

beach

now.5.

(be)

it

not

for

the

support

of

the

teachers，the

student

could

not

overcome

her

difficulty.had

caught

Were

[应对策略]1.

若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设空格题时，注意考虑情

态动词与助动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态

动词或助动词。2.

一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语

态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态，除了if虚

拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如suggest，would

rather，as

if，wish，otherwise，or，but

for等。◆书面表达中情态动词与虚拟语气易错点聚焦1.

表达的单调性例如在写一封回信向好友表达建议时，重复使用You

should…既显得单调，同时强硬的语气影响了交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如You’d

better…/You

might

as

well…/Why

not…？等。2.

情态动词搭配错误(误)You’d

not

better

quarrel

with

your

neighbors

whatever

happens.(正)You’d

better

not

quarrel

with

your

neighbors

whatever

happens.—Need

I

tell

him

everything

that

has

happened

to

his

father？(误)—Yes，you

need.(正)—Yes，you

must.(误)The

King

was

so

hot-tempered

that

no

one

dared

tell

him

the

bad

news.(正)The

King

was

so

hot-tempered

that

no

one

dare

(dared

to)

tell

him

the

bad

news.3.

时间错综句的虚拟语气的表达错误从句与主句或上下文所表达的时间不一致，部分考生仍照搬

某种形式，因未按照句中所表述的时间关系，而用错虚拟形

式。如：(误)If

his

television

set

had

not

been

stolen

yesterday，he

would

have

watched

TV

now.(正)If

his

television

set

had

not

been

stolen

yesterday，he

would

watch

TV

now.(误)If

I

were

you，I

wouldn’t

miss

the

film

last

night.(正)If

I

were

you，I

wouldn’t

have

missed

the

film

last

night.(误)If

she

comes

tomorrow，I

would

tell

her

the

news.(正)If

she

came

tomorrow，I

would

tell

her

the

news.(正)If

she

should

come

tomorrow，I

would

tell

her

the

news.(正)If

she

were

to

come

tomorrow，I

would

tell

her

the

news.(误)If

only

she

didn’t

miss

the

train

the

other

day.(正)If

only

she

hadn’t

missed

the

train

the

other

day.(误)It’s

time

that

they

go

home.(正)It’s

time

that

they

went/should

go

home.(误)Without

your

help，we

didn’t

make

so

much

progress.(正)Without

your

help，we

wouldn’t

have

made

so

much

progress.(误)If

she

didn’t

miss

the

train，she

is

here

now.(正)If

she

hadn’t

missed

the

train，she

would

be

here

now.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.

We

lost

our

way

in

that

small

village.Otherwise，we

⁠

(visit)

more

places

of

interest

yesterday.2.

[2025·八省联考]Every

language

is

worthy

of

respect

and

be

treated

equally.3.

The

old

lady

insisted

that

the

young

man

had

stolen

her

wallet

and

that

he

(send)

to

the

police

station.would

have

visited

should

(should)

be

sent

4.

[2024·全国甲卷]The

only

opportunity

she

seize

to

study

was

when

her

brother

was

having

Chinese

lessons

with

the

family

tour.5.

We

(face)

the

difficulty

together，but

why

didn’t

you

tell

me？could

could

have

faced

Ⅱ.语法填空Lucy

is

an

outgoing

lady.She

1.

play

many

kinds

of

musical

instruments.Actually，she

could

play

the

piano

when

she

was

8

years

old.Lucy

also

keeps

taking

exercise

every

day.She

says

that

she

has

to

do

some

sports

because

she

2.