高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)

高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.

DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.

Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.

Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.

Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner

Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.

Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.

ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."（1）Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.A.

havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits

B.

havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoodsC.

don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall

D.

trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike（2）Theunderlinedword"light"(inParagraph4)probablymeans________.A.

notveryheavy

B.

lessinfatandsugar

C.

gentle

D.

notseriousorimportant（3）AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.A.

womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalfB.

whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabitsC.

eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouplesD.

itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner（4）Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.

womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthemB.

moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholdsC.

coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartnerD.

long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Don'tbesillyanymore,women!

B.

Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?C.

Boyfriendsmakeyoufat

D.

Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知，男女双方会改变自己的饮食习惯来迎合对方，因此男士会吃他的女伴喜欢吃的食物。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推断，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比较少。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃饭对许多人来说特别重要，可知选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侣对你的生活方式有很大的影响,那些试图过上健康生活的人应该考虑到这一因素。可选A。（5）考查主旨大意。纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。C项幽默风趣，能吸引读者的注意，并切中文章的主题。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?

Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully(峡谷)inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope(斜坡)sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.

Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmletoutasighofrelief."I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.

However,othersthinkhumaninterference(干涉)isunnatural."Youcan'thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse,"saidtheshow'screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.

Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation."Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren'ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis...theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope,"hetoldtheBBC.

SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,"Ifit'severapredator(捕食者)situation,nomatterhowgut-wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."

"There'snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou,"WillLawson,theshow'sdirector,toldDailyMail.（1）Whathasledtoaheatedmediadiscussion?A.People'svariousremarksonpenguins.B.Therescueofpenguinsfromagully.C.Somepenguins'sufferingsinagully.D.WaysoffilmingtheseriesDynasties.（2）Whoholdsapositiveattitudetowardshumaninterference?A.KathrynShaw.B.WillLawson.C.PaulNieklen.D.DavidAttenborough.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheword"gut-wrenching"underlinedinparagraph6?A.Puttingoneinplace.B.Makingoneconfused.C.Puttingoneindanger.D.Makingoneheartbroken.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ReasonsfortheNecessityofLendingaHandtoAnimalsB.SuggestionsonHowtoProtectAnimalsFromDangerC.EffectsofHumanInterferenceonDangerousAnimalsD.OpinionsonWhethertoHelpAnimalsinTroubleorNot【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.”和第三段中的“Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。（3）考查词义猜测。根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."可知，此句句意为：如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。结合四个选项可知，此处用Makingoneheartbroken（心碎）最合句意。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whenhospitalstaffareinfullscrubs(手术衣),theirfacesarealmostcompletelycoveredbytheircapsandfacemasks,andwecanonlyseetheireyesandeyebrows.Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignnamed"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge"-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.Atfirst,hiscolleaguesdidn'ttakeitseriously.However,withtimegoingon,ithasbeenadoptedaroundtheworldwithstudiesfromtheUSandUKreportinghowthissimpleideacandecreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.

"Iwenttoatheatrewheretherewereabout20doctorsandnursesintheroom,"Dr.RobHackettsaid."IstruggledtoevenasktobepassedsomeglovesbecausethepersonIwaspointingtothoughtIwaspointingtothepersonbehindthem,becauseIdon'tknowtheirnames."saidRob.Asweallknow,doctorsareastressfulprofession.Whenfacedwithlifeanddeath,theyneedtosavethepatient'slifeforasecond.Atthemoment,effectivecommunicationsareimportant.

"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."saidRob."Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.Forthistohappen,weneedtoleteveryoneknowwe'rehuman."headdedOntheotherhand,fromthepatients'viewpoint,capswithnamesonthemcanmakepatientsmoreunworried.Wheneveryoneappearsthesame,itisextremelydifficulttodistinguishwhoiswho.Knowingthemrelaxed.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.

Hospitalstaffareaskedtocovertheirfacesinhospitals.B.

Robisinfavorofwritingnamesandrolesoncaps.C.

Robwantedtobeaprofessionaldoctor.D.

Rob'sideacanincreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthe"TheatreCapChallenge"fromthetext?A.

Itcanmakethecapsmorefashionable.B.

Itisstronglyopposedtobyallthedoctorsandnurses.C.

Itaimstoavoidmistakesandpoorcommunication.D.

Itcanhelppeoplepasssomeglovesinatheatre.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"werehuman"underlinedinparagraph3?A.

We'regenerous.

B.

We'renegative.

C.

We'resatisfied.

D.

We'rekind.（4）What'sthepatients'attitudetowardsthecampaign?A.

Supportive

B.

Disapproving

C.

Doubtful

D.

Uncaring【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在手术室里，医生和护士都戴着手术帽和口罩，只露出眼睛和眉毛，这让周围的人认不出他们，导致在交流过程中产生误会。于是，一位澳大利亚的医生Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，这一想法逐渐得到了全世界很多国家的认可。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignname‘"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge’-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.”Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，由此可知他是支持这一想法的。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的例子和第三段中的"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."可知，TheatreCapchallenge活动是为了应对不断增加的病患相关不良事件，而这些事件常是由一些很容易避免的错误和沟通障碍引起的。所以这项活动目的是尽量避免错误和交流中的误解。故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“

Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.”可知,他们想建立一种在不造成伤害的情况下尽可能减少错误和误解的系统，而要达到这个目的，首先要让每个人知道医生是人类，是有人情味的。只有病人也感觉到医生的善良，才能减少病患之间的误解。故选D。（4）考查观点态度。全文最后三句是站在患者角度阐述这个活动的意义。从其中的"unworried（不担心的，不着急的）"和"relaxed（松懈的，放松的）"两个词可以知道，这个活动能让病人心情放松，病人对这一做法是很支持的。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

Accordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.

Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteinsthatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesspreventsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.

TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthoseareindevelopingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.

Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis"realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.

Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.

Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.（1）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.

StresstheurgencyofHIVtreatments.B.

ProvidesomedataaboutHIV.C.

RemindreadersofHIVprevention.D.

IntroduceHIVtothepublic.（2）Inwhichwaywillthericebeusedatthelowestcost?A.

Bytransformingitintoproteins.B.

Byaddingittoanoraldrug.C.

ByattachingittotheHIVvirus.D.

Byprocessingitintoacream.（3）Whatcanweinferaboutthegeneticengineeringprocess?A.

ItcanpreventinfectionsofHIV.B.

Itcanproducedangerouschemicals.C.

Itstillrequiresperfecting.D.

Itappliestothedevelopedworld.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Abiologytextbook.B.

Ahealthmagazine.C.

Asocialwebpage.D.

Afirstaidbrochure.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。研究人员表示，这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法，但还有待于进一步的完善。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease”可知，“2017年全世界有近3700万人感染艾滋病毒。尽管口服药物治疗已经有了进展减缓了疾病的发展，但现在还没有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。由此可推断出对于艾滋病的治疗迫在眉睫，非常紧迫。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.”可知，最简单、最划算的使用方法是将大米制成面霜涂在皮肤上。“themostcost-effective”与“thelowestcost”是同义词，“makeitintoacream”与“processitintoacream”是同义的。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.”可知，科学研究小组认为要进一步的测试，以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人类有害的额外化学物质。由此可推断这种基因工程的过程还需要进一步的完善。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了最近的一项研究，一种新的转基因水稻可以预防艾滋病病毒的感染。因此与人类的健康有关，所以本文可能是出现在健康杂志上，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

270-400olivebaleenplates

Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.

Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.

Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.

Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.

Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?A.

Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.

Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.C.

Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.

TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.（3）Thisarticleismainlyintendedto

.A.

explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.

introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.

popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.

helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。（1）考查推理判断。根据第四个小点后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition"可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五个小黑点后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.

ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.

ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact

fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.

Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.

SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?A.

Tointroducethetopic.B.

TomentionNigel'sfeat.C.

Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.D.

TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?A.

Besuperiorto

B.

Beinferiorto

C.

Besimilarto

D.

Berelatedto（3）Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?A.

Thewriter.

B.

Theshopassistant.

C.

Thebabysitter.

D.

Thepsychologist.（4）WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?A.

LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.B.

Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.C.

Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.D.

Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（NigelRichards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.

"Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures."commentedleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.

Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.

Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowedflies"observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,"whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.

ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,"Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly."

Incomparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.

Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensionalongwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.（1）Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout？A.

Paceoflifeofanimals.

B.

Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.C.

Lifetimeofsmallanimals.

D.

Timeperceptionofanimals.（2）WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2？A.

Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.B.

Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.C.

Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.D.

Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.（3）Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?A.

Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B.

Theycanprocesstheinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.C.

Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.D.

Theycansendinformationtobrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.（4）Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?A.

Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.

B.

Preventitselffrombecomingblind.C.

Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.

D.

Trytorunasfastasitcan.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Accordingtoateamofresearchers，ananimal'sabilitytoperceive（感知）timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，KevinHealy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Theresearchshowedflies‘observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，’whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五段中的“buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“thetigerbeetle（虎甲虫）runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup，basicallybecomingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's（猎物）position”可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.

Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat's15.4degreesofftotheobserver'sright­welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightat