新一代大学英语（第二版）综合教程4（智慧版）课件 B4U1 Cultures across borders iExplore 1

课件制作：外语教学与研究出版社UNIT1CONTENTS1Viewing2Reading3Sharpeningyourskills4Buildingyourlanguage5TalkingaboutChinaUNIT1ViewingTheBeltandRoadInitiativeiswidelyrecognizedtoday,andunderstandingitsorigincanoffervaluableinsights.Watchavideoclipandlearnaboutitshistoricalbackgroundanddevelopment.UNIT1ViewingFillintheblankswithwhatyouhearfromthevideoclip.

1TheancientSilkRoad•Background:Backinabout200B.C.E.,tradewasmuchmore1)____________,

andlong-distancetraderouteswererare.•RiseoftheSilkRoad:TheWestencountered2)____________,andalivelytrade

passageformed.•Significance:Theincreasedtradeledto3)______________betweentheEast

and

theWest.TheBeltandRoadInitiative•Twoparts:theSilkRoad4)____________andthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadregionalChinesesilkculturalsharingEconomicBeltUNIT1ViewingFillintheblankswithwhatyouhearfromthevideoclip.

•Principles:extensiveconsultation,5)________________,andsharedbenefits

•Aims:highstandards,sustainability,andbetterlivesbyraising6)____________standard,investmenteffectiveness,supplyquality,anddevelopmentresilience,deliveringrealandsubstantiveresultsforallparticipants•Commitment:buildingaglobalcommunityof7)____________jointcontributioncooperationsharedfuture1UNIT1ViewingTheancientSilkRoadledtoexchangesbetweentheEastandtheWest,andtheBeltandRoadInitiativehasreceivedpositiveresponsesworldwide.WorkinpairsanddiscusswhatthissaysaboutChina’seffortsinpromotingglobalcommunication.StudentA:ThevideoabouttheancientSilkRoadandtheBeltandRoadInitiativethatwejustwatchedwasreallyinsightful.IthelpedmeunderstandalotaboutChina’seffortsinpromotingglobalcommunication.StudentB:Yeah,itshowedusthatboththeSilkRoadfromthepastandtheBeltandRoadInitiativetodaydemonstratehowChinahasalwaysbeen

2UNIT1Viewingfocusedonconnectingwithotherpartsoftheworld.Forexample,theSilkRoadwasn’tjustabouttradinggoods;itwasalsoaboutsharingcultureandknowledge.StudentA:That’strue!IrememberlearningthatalongtheSilkRoad,thingslikepapermakingandgunpowderspreadfromtheEasttotheWest,andwesternglassmakingtechniqueswenttotheEast.So,itwasn’tjustbusiness–itwasatwo-wayexchangeoftechnologiesandideas.StudentB:Exactly!Andnow,withtheBeltandRoadInitiative,Chinaistryingtorevivethatspiritbutonamuchlargerandmoremodernscale.We’re

UNIT1Viewingbuildinginfrastructurelikeroads,railways,andportsacrossdifferentcontinents.StudentA:Yeah,thereareprojectsliketheChina-PakistanEconomicCorridorandtherailwayconnectingKenya’scoasttothecapital.Theseprojectsaresupposedtomakeiteasierforcountriestotradeandcommunicatewitheachother.StudentB:Right.IthinkthekeytakeawayisthatChina’seffortsshowalong-termcommitmenttoglobalengagement.We’reusingbothhistoricallegacyandmodernstrategiestofosterconnections,whichcanleadtobetterunderstandingandcooperationworldwide.UNIT1ViewingStudentA:Iagree!Chinahasbeenmakinggreateffortsinpromotingglobalcommunication,buildingonitsrichhistoryofexchangewhileadaptingtocontemporaryneeds.UNIT1ViewingInFebruary2016,thefirstSilkRoadtrainarrivedinIranaftermakingatripofmorethan6,000miles,takingjusttwoweeks.ThisrouteisamilestoneofwhatmanyarecallingthenewSilkRoad,modeledafterancienttraderoadswhichallowedtheEastandtheWesttoconnectintheB.C.E.era.ThenewpathwayisexpectedtorevolutionizeChina,aswellasothercountriesalongtheway.So,whatexactlyisthenewSilkRoad?Well,togetasenseofwherewearetoday,let’slookattheoriginalSilkRoad.Foralongperiodoftime,therewerelocalizedkingdomsandempiresspanningtheglobe.However,theregionbetweenChina,WesternAsia,andEuropehadharshScriptUNIT1Viewingweatherandlimitedtransportation,andcrossingitbackinabout200B.C.E.wouldhavebeenincrediblydangerous.Asaresult,whiletradedidoccur,itwasmuchmoreregional,andlong-distancetraderouteswererare.ButwhentheWestencounteredChinesesilk,demandforitoutweighedthedanger.Avibranttradepassagetookshape.Althoughmanyothergoodsfoundtheirwayalongthisroad,itwasnamedafteritsmostlucrativegoods–silk.Mostimportantlyforhumancivilization,theincreasedtradeledtoculturesharingbetweentheEastandtheWest.Culturesandphilosophiesmadetheirwayfromoneregionoftheworldtotheother.ScriptUNIT1ViewingWhiletheoriginalSilkRoadisancientChina’sattemptforcross-culturaldialogue,modernChinahasmadeneweffortsinpromotingglobalcommunication.TheBeltandRoadInitiative,namelytheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,adherestotheprincipleofextensiveconsultation,jointcontribution,andsharedbenefits.Itaimsathighstandards,sustainability,andbetterlivesbyraisingcooperationstandard,investmenteffectiveness,supplyquality,anddevelopmentresilience,deliveringrealandsubstantiveresultsforallparticipants.Itiscommittedtobuildingaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture.AsofAugust2024,morethan150countriesandover30internationalorganizationshavejoinedtheBeltandRoadInitiative.ScriptUNIT1StructureTextreadingTextunderstandingReadingVocabularyUNIT1ReadingStructureTheancientSilkRoadledtoexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.ReadthetextandcompletethemainideaofeachparagraphwithNOMORETHANTHREEwordsbyfillingintheblanks1-15.Paras.1-2:IntroductiontotheSilkRoad’ssignificanceTheSilkRoadishistoricallysignificantduetoitsrich1)_________________andtheintertwiningof2)____________________.(Para.1)TheSilkRoadwasnotjustatraderoutebutalsoa3)____________forculturalexchange,leadingtothemixingofdiverseculturesandthegrowthof4)_________towns.(Para.2)culturallegacytradeandtolerancenetworkoasisUNIT1ReadingStructureParas.3-4:HistoricalandgeographicalcontextTheterm“SilkRoad”referstoexchangesbetweenChinaandregions5)______________,particularlylinkedto6)______________beforetheyear1000.(Para.3)Excavatedmaterials,oftenfoundin7)____________,providepersonalandfactualinsightsintotheSilkRoadtrade.(Para.4)Paras.5-6:ModernexplorationanddiscoveriesThemoderndiscoveryoftheSilkRoadbeganwithSwedishexplorerSvenHedin’s8)_________________in1895,whichfacedseverechallenges.(Para.5)Hedin’sencounterwitha9)____________revealedthatmostgoodstradedintheTaklimakanwere10)_________________________,notforeignimports.(Para.6)BuddhismdrylocalesfirstexpeditiontothewestcaravanlocallymadenecessitiesUNIT1ReadingStructureParas.7-8:DetailsontradeandgoodsDuring11)____________________,marketsprimarilyofferedlocalgoods,withsomeforeignimports,reflectinglimitedtrade.(Para.7)

Despitelimitedtrade,culturalexchangebetweentheEastandWestwas12)____________,involvingvariousgroupstravelingalongtheroutes.(Para.8)Paras.9-10:CulturalandtechnologicalexchangesTechnologiesmovedbetweenEastandWestdueto13)___________________,withnotableexampleslikeglass-makingand14)_________________.(Para.9)CulturaltransferincludedtheadoptionofBuddhisttermsand15)_______________________fromIndiaintoChinese.(Para.10)extensivefrequentmigrationspaper-makingthefirstmillenniumcommoneverydaywordsUNIT1ReadingStructurePara.11:LinguisticaspectsofculturalexchangePara.12:LegacyoftoleranceUNIT1ReadingThelegacyoftheSilkRoadTextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingTheSilkRoadfoundaplaceinhistorybecauseofitsrichculturallegacyinwrittenrecordsandartifacts,andbecausetradeandtoleranceweresointertwined.1TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingTradewasnotthesolepurposeoftheSilkRoad;italsofunctionedasanetworkofexchangepathways,especiallyinitsheyday.Itchangedhistory,notonlybecausevariousgoodsweretradedbutalsobecausethepeoplewhomanagedtotravelalongpartoralloftheSilkRoadplantedtheircultureslikeseedsofexoticspeciescarriedtodistantlands.Thrivinginnewhomes,newcomersmixedwithlocalresidentsandoftenabsorbedothergroupswhofollowed.Sitesofsustainedeconomicactivity,oasistowns–nowknownasTurpan,Dunhuang,Hotan,etc.–enticedstillotherstocrossovermountainsandtraverseoceansofsand.Whileacommercialroute,theSilkRoadwasalsotheplanet’smostfamousculturalarteryfortheexchangeinart,language,andnewtechnologybetweentheEastandtheWest.2TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingWeusetheterm“SilkRoad”torefergenerallytotheexchangesbetweenChinaandplacesfarthertothewest,includingCentralAsia,WestAsia,Africa,and,onrareoccasions,Europe.Mostvigorousbeforetheyear1000,theseexchangeswereoftenlinkedtoBuddhism.3TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingExcavatedmaterialsshedlightonthenatureoftheSilkRoadtrade.Thesematerials,writtenonpaper,silk,leather,andwood,surviveonlyindrylocales,placesliketoday’sKuqa,Turpan,Hotan,Dunhuang,andXi’an.Thesedocumentswererecoverednotonlyfromtombs,butalsofromabandonedpostalstations,shrines,andhomes,beneaththedrydesert.Foundbyaccident,manyofthemwerewrittenbypeoplefromallsociallevels,notsimplytheliterateandpowerful.Theirauthorsdidnotexpectlatergenerationstoreadthem,yettheyofferaglimpseintothepastthat’softenrefreshinglypersonal,factual,anecdotal,andrandom.4TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingThemoderndiscoveryoftheSilkRoadbeganin1895,whentheSwedishexplorerSvenHedinlaunchedhisfirstexpeditionintotheTaklimakanDesert.After15days,hediscoveredthathewasnotcarryingenoughwaterforhimselfandthefourmenwithhim.Heshouldhaveturnedback,admittingthathisexpeditionhadfailed.Instead,whentheirsupplyranout,hebeganadesperatesearch,eventuallylocatingastream,butnotbeforetwomenperished.5TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingAshemadehiswayoutofthedesert,Hedinencounteredacaravanofmerchantsandpackanimals,andhepurchasedthreehorses,saddles,maize,flour,tea,utensils,andboots.Thislist,describedinhisbiography,isrevealing.Evenatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,almostallthegoodstradedintheTaklimakanwerelocallymadenecessities,notforeignimports.6TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingSimilarly,duringthefirstmillennium,marketsofferedmorelocalgoodsforsalethanforeignimports.AtonemarketinTurpanin743C.E.,localofficialsrecordedpricesfor350items,includingtypicalSilkRoadgoodslikeammoniumchloride,usedfordyeingclothandsofteningleather,aswellasaromatics,sugar,andbrass.Ofcourse,locallygrownvegetables,staples,andanimals,somebroughtoverlongdistances,werealsoavailable.7TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingDespitethelimitedtrade,culturalexchangebetweentheEastandtheWestwasextensive–firstbetweenChinaandSouthAsia,andlaterWestAsia,especiallyIran.Refugees,artists,craftsmen,missionaries,andenvoystraveledalongtheseroutesinCentralAsia.Wavesofimmigrantsbroughttechnologiesfromtheirrespectivehomelands,practicingthoseskillsorintroducingmotifsintheirnewhomes.8TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingFrequentmigrationsofpeoplefleeingwarorpoliticalconflictsmeantthatsometechnologiesmovedeast,otherswest.AsthesecretsofforeigntechniquesformakingglassenteredChina,thetechnologyformanufacturingpaperwastransportedwestward.InventedinChina,papermovedoutofChinatoreachSamarkandandthenspreadtoEuropethroughtheIslamicportalsofSicilyandSpain.Paper,themostconvenientandaffordablematerialforpreservingwriting,encouragedgreatculturalchange,includingtheprintingrevolutioninWesternEurope.Ofcourse,theChinesedevelopedwoodblockprinting,startingaround700C.E.,muchearlierthanJohannesGutenberg.9TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingCulturaltransfertookplaceasChinesepeoplelearnedfromothersocieties,specificallyIndia,thehomeofBuddhism.Buddhistmissionarieswerekeytranslatorsandworkedoutasystemthatremainsinusetodayfortranscribingunfamiliartermsinforeignlanguages,likeSanskrit,intoChinese.Chineseabsorbedsome35,000newwords,includingbothtechnicalBuddhisttermsandcommoneverydaywords.10TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingPeoplewhospokedifferentlanguagesoftenencounteredoneanotherontheSilkRoad.Whilesomehadlearnedmultiplelanguagessincechildhood,othershadtolearnforeignlanguagesasadults,amorearduousprocessthanitistoday,givenhowfewstudyaidswereavailable.Survivingphrasebooksshedlightonstudentidentitiesandreasonsfortheirstudies.Usedinmonasteriesthroughoutthefirstmillennium,Sanskritattractedstudents,andsodidTibetan.11TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingThemostimportantlegacyoftheSilkRoadistheatmosphereoftolerancefosteredbyoasiscommunitiesstrungalongthenorthernandsouthernTaklimakan.Overthecenturies,thesecommunitieswelcomedpeoplefromotherlands,grantingthempermissiontomaintaintheirownwaysoflife.Archeologicalsitesandthepreservedartifactsofferaglimpseintothischerished,tolerantworld.12TextreadingUNIT1ReadingWhatdoyouknowabouttheancientSilkRoad?Whatisitslegacy?Readthetextandcompletetheoutline.1PurposeNotonlytrade,butalso1)____________exchange

culturalInfluencerangeTheexchangenetworkbetweenChinaandplacesfarthertothewest,includingCentralAsia,WestAsia,2)____________,andEurope

AfricaTextunderstandingUNIT1ReadingModerndiscoveryTheSwedishexplorerSvenHedin’s3)__________________intotheTaklimakanDesert

firstexpeditionPeopleinvolvedRefugees,artists,4)____________,missionaries,andenvoys

craftsmenEffectsofculturalexchange•5)_______________beingbroughttoChinaand6)______________________fromChinatothewest

Glassmaking

papermanufacturingTextunderstandingUNIT1Reading•Chineseabsorbingwordsfrom7)__________________,likeSanskrit,andpeoplealongtheSilkRoadlearningmultiplelanguages•Oasiscommunitiesfosteringanatmosphereof8)_____________

foreignlanguages

toleranceTextunderstandingUNIT1ReadingDecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.21

TheSilkRoadchangedhistorybecauseitpromotedcross-borderculturalexchange.

2

Theexcavatedmaterialswerewrittenbyliterateofficialsfromthegovernment.

3

Theauthorsoftheexcavatedmaterialsdidnotintendtheirwritingtobereadbylatergenerations.4

WhenSvenHedinlaunchedhisfirstexpeditionintotheTaklimakanDesert,hisprimarypurposewasnottofindtheSilkRoad.TFTTTextunderstandingUNIT1ReadingDecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.25Asearlyasthefirstmillennium,peoplewerealreadyusingimportedgoodswidelyintheirdailylives.

6TheinventionofpaperencouragedtheprintingrevolutioninEurope.7

Comparedwithlanguagelearningtoday,itwaseasierforadultsontheSilkRoadtolearnotherlanguages.FTFTextunderstandingUNIT1ReadingReadthetextandidentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementisderived.Someparagraphscanbechosenmorethanonce.31

IntheTaklimakanarea,allgoodstradedwerelocallyproducedratherthanimportedfromabroad.

2

LocalrecordsofpricesforgoodsrevealthatforeignimportswererelativelylimitedalongtheSilkRoadatthattime.3

TheSilkRoadfacilitatedtradeandthemixingofpeoplefromdifferentcultures,enablingculturalexchangeandthespreadofart,language,andtechnology.TextunderstandingPara.6Para.7Para.2UNIT1ReadingReadthetextandidentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementisderived.Someparagraphscanbechosenmorethanonce.34

ThedryclimatehelpedpreservematerialsrelatedtotheSilkRoad.5

AlthoughtradewasrelativelylimitedalongtheSilkRoad,culturalexchangewasextensive.

6

AlongtheSilkRoad,technologiesweretransmittedbotheastwardandwestward.7

SomepeoplewereabletospeakmorethanonelanguagealongtheSilkRoad.TextunderstandingPara.4Para.8Para.9Para.11UNIT1ReadingReadthetextandidentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementisderived.Someparagraphscanbechosenmorethanonce.38

AlongtheSilkRoad,peoplewerewelcomedwithtolerance,allowingthemtomaintaintheirownbeliefsandwaysoflife.9

Religion,specificallyBuddhism,playedamajorroleindrivingthetranslationofsometermsfromSanskrittoChinese.10TwopeoplediedduringSvenHedin’sexpeditionintotheTaklimakanDesertduetoalackofwater.TextunderstandingPara.12Para.10Para.5UNIT1ReadingVocabulary★thrive:vi.

(fml.)tobecome,andcontinuetobe,successful,strong,healthy,etc.兴旺发达；繁荣；

蓬勃发展；旺盛；茁壮成长

e.g.Thenation’sculturalheritagecontinuestothriveincommunitieswheretraditionsarepasseddown.UNIT1ReadingVocabulary•prosper

繁荣、成功e.g.Thecompanyprosperedafterthenewmarketingstrategywasimplemented.用法：通常用于经济或商业领域，强调财富和成功，更侧重于物质上的繁荣。•flourish

繁荣、茂盛e.g.Theplantsflourishedintherichsoilandplentyofsunlight.用法：常用于描述植物的生长或艺术、文化等领域的蓬勃发展，更侧重于健康和活力。SynonymsUNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseChoosethebestanswer.Theflowersinthegardenareexpectedto_______withpropercareandenoughsunlight.A.flourishB.prosperC.thrive√UNIT1ReadingVocabulary★oasis

n.[C](pl.oases)anareainthedesertwherethereiswaterandwhereplantsgrow（沙漠中的）绿洲e.g.Wecouldseetheoasisinthemiddleofthedesert.Wordformation•basis

n.

基础 pl.basese.g.Thebasesforthedecisionwerewell-founded.•crisis

n.

危机 pl.crisese.g.Thecountryfacedmultiplecrisesatthesametime.小结：在英语中，以“-sis”结尾的名词通常表示某种状态、过程或疾病。这些名词的复数形式通常以“-ses”结尾。UNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseWritedownthepluralformsofthenounsinColumnBandputthemintoChineseinColumnC.BC1)analysis2)diagnosis3)hypothesis4)synthesis 5)thesis6)oasisanalyses 分析

diagnoses 诊断

hypotheses 假设

syntheses 合成

theses 论文

oases 绿洲UNIT1ReadingVocabulary★traversevt.(fml.)tomoveacross,over,orthroughsth.esp.anareaoflandorwater跨过；横越；横穿e.g.Ittookthemseveralweekstotraversethedesertunderextremeconditions.Collocation•traverseacross

横穿、穿过（强调从一边到另一边）e.g.Thenewhighwaywilltraverseacrossthecontinent,connectingtheeastandwestcoasts.•traversethrough

横穿、穿过（强调穿过内部）e.g.Thepathtraversesthroughthepark,offeringascenicrouteforjoggersandcyclists.UNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseTranslatetheChinesesentencesintoEnglish.1)这条河流横贯平原。________________________________________.2)这条隧道穿过山脉。________________________________________.TherivertraversesacrosstheplainThetunneltraversesthroughthemountainUNIT1ReadingVocabulary★abandoneda.leftandnolongerwanted,used,orneeded被离弃的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的e.g.Thelongabandonedhousehasfallenintodisrepair,withitswindowsanddoorsbroken.Synonyms•deserted

空无一人的、被遗弃的e.g.Thedesertedislandwasperfectforaquietafternoon.用法：强调空无一人，可能是因为人们离开而变得无人使用。•discarded

被丢弃的、被抛弃的e.g.Hediscardedtheoldnewspaperafterreadingit.UNIT1ReadingVocabulary•rejected

被拒绝的、被抛弃的e.g.Thejobapplicantwasrejectedbecausehelackedexperience.用法：强调被拒绝或不被接受，通常是因为不符合标准或要求。Choosethebestanswer.The________parkwasempty,withnoonearoundtoenjoytheplayground.A.abandonedB.desertedC.discardedD.rejectedExercise√UNIT1ReadingVocabulary★glimpse

n.[C]ashortexperienceofsth.thathelpsyoutounderstandit短暂的感受（或体验、领会）e.g.Thedocumentaryoffersafascinatingglimpseintothedailylivesofpeopleinremotevillages.Collocation•giveaglimpseof提供对…的初步了解或暗示e.g.Thepreviewgivesaglimpseofthemovie’splot.•catch/getaglimpseof瞥见、看到一眼e.g.Icaughtaglimpseofthecelebrityintherestaurant.UNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseTranslatethesentenceintoChinese.Thefragrancegavemeaglimpseofmychildhoodmemories.____________________________________________________这种香味让我瞬间回忆起了我的童年。UNIT1ReadingVocabulary★refreshingly

ad.

inawaythatispleasantlydifferentandinteresting令人耳目一新地e.g.Herapproachtotheproblemwasrefreshinglyinnovative.Wordtransformation•refreshv.使（某人或某物）恢复活力e.g.Agoodnight’ssleepcanrefreshyou.•refreshinga.令人耳目一新的、令人振奋的、令人精神焕发的e.g.Thegardenisarefreshingplacetorelax.

UNIT1ReadingVocabulary•refresheda.

感到焕然一新的、恢复了精力的e.g.Ifeelrefreshedaftermyvacationandreadytostartthenewweek.•refreshmentn.恢复精力的过程或事物；小吃或饮料e.g.Weservedrefreshmentsattheparty.

UNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseFillintheblankswithproperformsof“refreshingly”.Afteralongandtiringdayatwork,Sarahdecidedtotakeabreakandgoforawalkinthepark.Thecoolbreezewas1)__________andhelpedto2)________hermind.Shefelt3)___________invigoratedanddecidedtositonabenchtoenjoythescenery.Asshesatthere,sherealizedhowmuchsheneededthisbrief4)____________fromherdailyroutine.Theparkwasaperfectplaceto5)________herenergyandthenshecouldreturnhomefeeling6)__________andreadytotackletheevening.refreshingrefreshrefreshinglyrefreshmentrefreshrefreshedUNIT1ReadingVocabulary★anecdotala.

consistingofshortstoriesbasedonsb.’spersonalexperience轶事的；趣闻的e.g.Theeffectivenessofthemedicineissupportedsolelybyanecdotalevidence.Synonyms•informal

非正式的e.g.Thediscussionwasinformalandbasedonpersonalexperiences.用法：通常用于非正式场合。•subjective

主观的e.g.Thereviewissubjectiveandreflectsthewriter’spersonalviews.用法：强调基于个人意见或感受。UNIT1ReadingVocabulary•empirical

经验的e.g.Thefindingsareempiricalandbasedonpersonalobservations.用法：强调基于经验和观察，通常经过科学验证。•personal

个人的e.g.Thestoryispersonalandreflectstheauthor’sownexperiences.用法：强调基于个人感受或经历。UNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseFillintheblanksbyselectingsuitablewordsfromthewordbank

empiricalpersonalinformalsubjectiveanecdotal1)Thearticlecontainsalotof__________informationthathasn’tbeenverified.2)Thenewpolicyisbasedon___________researchandhasbeentestedinmultiplesettings.3)Theevaluationissubjectiveandbasedon___________preferences.4)Thediscussionduringthemeetingwasquite____________,withnostructuredagendaorformaltone.5)Hisjudgmentseemed__________,influencedmorebyemotionsthanbyfacts.anecdotalempiricalpersonalinformalsubjectiveUNIT1ReadingVocabulary★randoma.

done,chosen,etc.withoutsb.decidinginadvancewhatisgoingtohappen,orwithoutanyregularpattern随机的，随意的（非事先决定或不规则）e.g.Therandomeventsoflifecansometimesbringunexpectedsurprises.Wordtransformation•randomly

ad.

以随机的方式e.g.Theteacherrandomlypickedastudenttoanswerthequestion.•randomness

n.

随机性e.g.Therandomnessintheexperimentalresultssuggeststhatfurtherinvestigationisneeded.UNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseTranslatetheChineseexpressionsinbrackets

intoEnglish.1)Thestudy____________________________________(使用了500名参与者的随机样本)toensuretheresultswererepresentativeofthegeneralpopulation.2)Thequalitycontrolteam____________________________________________(从生产线上随机选择产品)totestfordefects.usedarandomsampleof500participantsrandomlyselectedproductsfromtheproductionlineUNIT1ReadingVocabulary★utensiln.[C]

atoolthatisusedinthehouse（家庭）用具，器皿；家什e.g.Sheboughtasetofutensilsforhernewlydecoratedkitchen.ExerciseTranslatetheChinesephrasesintoEnglish.1)厨房用具 ____________________2)烹饪用具 ____________________3)清洁用具 ____________________kitchenutensilscookingutensilscleaningutensilsUNIT1ReadingVocabulary★biography

n.[C]

abookthattellswhathashappenedinsb.’slife,writtenbysb.else传记（作品）e.g.Herbiographyoffersafascinatinglookintoherlife.Synonyms•autobiography

n.

自传e.g.TheautobiographyofBenjaminFranklinisaclassicinAmericanliterature.用法：由本人撰写的关于自己一生的记录。•memoir

n.回忆录e.g.HewroteamemoirabouthisexperiencesduringWorldWarII.用法：更侧重于个人经历和感受，不一定涵盖一生。UNIT1ReadingVocabularyExerciseMatchthesentenceswiththedifferenttypesofwriting.A.biographyB.autobiographyC.memoir1)Hedecidedtowriteadetailedaccountofhisownlife,includinghischildhoodandcareer.2)Thebookaboutthefamousscientistwaswrittenbyahistorianwhointerviewedmanypeoplewhoknewhim.3)Shewroteabookthatfocusedonherexperiencesduringaspecificperiodofherlife,ratherthanherentirelifestory.BACUNIT1ReadingVocabulary★

millennium

n.[C]

(pl.millennia)

aperiodof1,000years一千年；千年期e.g.Thebookisahistoryofthelasttwomillennia.Wordformation•datum

n.

数据点

pl.datae