2017-2018学年高中英语人教版选修八教学案Unit1Section1

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．electA．themethodorinstrumentusedtoobtainaresultorachieveanend2．distinctB．toselect;choose3．meansC．conditionsoflifedifficulttoendure4．majorityD．easytoperceive;especiallyclearlyoutlined5．hardshipE．thegreaternumberorpartofsomething6．percentageF．national;especiallyinreferencetothegovernmentoftheUnitedStatesasdistinctfromthatofitsmemberunits7．boomG．asuddenhappeningthatbringsgoodfortune(asasuddenopportunitytomakemoney)8．federalH．proportionorrateperhundredparts答案：1～5BDAEC6～8HGFⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Thecouplelivedapoorlifeandalmostnoonemadealifeliketheminthissituation.生活2．Infaceofthechallengeforthemoment,it'sthemostimportanttokeepupagoodstateofhealth.保持3．Withthepricesgoingup,themajorityofpeoplefindithardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyget.维持生计4．Weexpressourthoughtsbymeansofwords.借助于5．Shangri­laisreallyabeauty,whichishometomanykindsofrarebirdsandanimals.是……的栖息地6．In1941,BritainandtheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronJapanandthePacificWarstarted.对……宣战Ⅰ.Ifyouwanttolearnsomethingaboutacountry,astate,etc.,whatdoyouwanttoknow?答案：...e,location,capital,population,language,history,geography,customs,culture,climate,agriculture,industry,education,medicalcare...Ⅱ.Doyouknowthefollowingplaces?Andcanyoutellsomethingaboutthem?参考答案：Forover200years,theWhiteHousehasbeennotjustthehomeofthepresidentsandtheirfamily,butitalsothesymbolofthepresident,ofthepresident'sadministrationandoftheUnitedStates.TheStatueofLiberty,locatedinthewestofNewYorkCity,isanothersymboloftheUnitedStates.ItisanationalheritageoftheUnitedStatesandin1984,itwasincludedontheWorldHeritageList.Ⅰ.Fast­reading1．Matchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Part1(Para.1)A．ThehistoryofpeoplefromdifferentcountriesmovingtoCalifornia.Part2(Paras.2～9)B．ThefutureofCaliforniaPart3(Para.10)C．AbriefintroductiontoCalifornia.答案：Part1～3CAB2．Readthetextquicklyandfillintheblank.ThetextisaboutthebriefhistoryofCalifornia,whichfocusesonthesettlementofthestate.Ⅱ.Careful­readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．HowdidthefirstsettlersarriveinCaliforniaaccordingtothepassage?A．It'sbelievedthattheycrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridge.B．It'sbelievedthattheyarrivedwiththehelpoftheEuropeans.C．lt'sbelievedthattheyarrivedtherebymeansofaship.D．NoonereallyknowshowthefirstsettlersarrivedinCalifornia.2．IndiansandPakistanisareattractedtoCaliforniamostlyby.A．thewell­developedfishingindustryB．thepromisingputerindustryC．therichnaturalresourcesD．thefamousfilmindustry3．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．ThehistoryofCalifornia.B．ThecultureofCalifornia.C．TheweatherofCalifornia.D．ThehistoryoftheUSA.4．WhichistherightorderoftheimmigrantsreachingCaliforniabetweenthe18thandthe20thcentury?a．theSpanishb．theDanishc．theItaliand．theRussiane．theChineseA．a－d－e－c－bB．e－d－b－c－aC．a－b－c－d－eD．d－e－a－c－b答案：1～4ABAAⅢ.Study­readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.[句式分析][尝试翻译]最早的一批人是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚州地区的，谁也说不清楚。2．AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.[句式分析][尝试翻译]虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。3．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.[句式分析]Itisbelievedthat...意为“据认为……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，在这个主语从句中还有一个that引导的结果状语从句。[尝试翻译]人们相信，用不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的主要种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。[对应学生课下能力提升(一)]阅读理解AWherecanyoufindthefirstsuccessfulairplane,oneoftheworld'sbiggestbugs(虫子)andKermittheFrog?They'reallattheSmithsonianInstitution,Americans'storehouseofthecoolestthingsever,inWashington.,D．C.Morethan138millionobjectshavebeencollectedbytheir19museums,withmoreingineveryday.TheSmithsonianwasfoundedin1846andnamedafterJamesSmithson,anEnglishbusinessman.SmithsonnevervisitedAmerica,buthelefthisentirefortunetotheUnitedStatestobuildaninstitution“fortheincreaseofknowledge.”HerearejustafewoftheamazingthingsintheSmithsoniancollection.BigbugsTheSmithsonianhas35millionbugs.Thelargestinsectinthecollectionisabeetle(甲虫)fromSouthAmericacalledthetitanbeetle.Titanbeetlescangrowtomorethan6incheslong.FlyingmachinesThefirstpoweredplanetofly,the1903WrightFlyer,isdisplayedintheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.TheSmithsonianhasthefirstsupersonic(超音速的)airliner,theConcorde,whichcouldcrosstheAtlanticOceaninfewerthanfourhours.ThelongestbeardTheSmithsonianishometothelongestbeardeverrecorded.NorwegianimmigrantHansLangsethhadgrownhisfacialhairto18feet6inchesbythetimehediedin1927.TheSmithsonianhas17feet6inchesofitbecause,eventhoughLangseth'sfinalwishwastohavehisentirebeardpreserved,hisfamilydecideditwouldn'tberighttoburyhimclean­shaven.Timeandadmission：SmithsonianmuseumsareopeneverydayoftheyearexceptDecember25unlessotherwisenoted.Mostmuseumsareopendailyfrom10a．m.to5：30p．m.TheAmericanArtMuseumandPortraitGalleryareopen11：30a．m.to7p．m.AdmissionisfreeforallSmithsonianmuseumsandthezooinWashington,D．C.,andtheAmericanIndianMuseum'sGeorgeGustavHeyeCenterinNewYork.AfeeisrequiredattheCooper­Hewitt,NationalDesignMuseuminNewYork(Membersandchildrenunder12areadmittedfree)．语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国史密森尼博物院的历史、展品、游览须知等。1．Accordingtothetext,theSmithsonianInstitution.A．wasfoundedinhonorofanAmericanB．hasallitsmuseumsinWashington,D．C.C．ismostfamousforitsfinecollectionofartD．wasfundedbymoneyfromJamesSmithson解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段的“namedafterJamesSmithson”和“helefthisentirefortunetotheUnitedStatestobuildaninstitution‘fortheincreaseofknowledge’”可知，史密森尼博物院建立的资金来自于JamesSmithson去世后留下的钱。2．TheSmithsonianfailedtogettheentirebeardofHansLangseth'sdueto.A．thewordsinhislastwillB．therejectionofhisfamilyC．thetraditionofNorwegiansD．thebadconditionofthebeard解析：选B细节理解题。根据文中的“Langseth'sfinalwishwastohavehisentirebeardpreserved,hisfamilydecideditwouldn'tberighttoburyhimclean­shaven”可知，虽然Langseth希望把自己的胡子都保留下来，但他的家人还是希望他能留点胡子下葬。3．Whatdotheobjectsmentionedhaveinmon?A．TheywerefromSouthAfrica.B．Theyareinthesamemuseum.C．Theyarerecord­breakingitems.D．Theywerefromthe19thcentury.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章中的largest，first，longest等词的描述可知，该博物馆的这几件藏品都堪称世界之最。4．AllofSmithsonianmuseums.A．areopenat10a．m.B．chargeanentrancefeeC．areclosedonChristmasDayD．askforyourmembershipcards解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“SmithsonianmuseumsareopeneverydayoftheyearexceptDecember25”可知，该博物馆圣诞节闭馆。BDoctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon'tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealizethen,butbeingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger,fasterplanes,andinworseweather,Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(机组资源管理),orCRM,anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult,regardlessofpositions.IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat,anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying;Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear(起落架)down.Hewasabetterpilot—andmyboss—soitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:Ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid，“Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow！”ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM,andI'veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.CRMrequiresthatthepilot/surgeonencourageotherstospeakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhenopinionsarefromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn'toverreact,whichmightpreventfellowdoctorsfromvoicingopinionsagain.SowhenI'mintheoperatingroom,Iaskforideasandhelpfromothers.Sometimesthey'renotwillingtospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencouragethem,somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom“landinggearup”．语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己做医生和飞行员的体会，强调了倾听别人建议的重要性。5．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdoctorsingeneral?A．Theylikeflyingbythemselves.B．Theyareunwillingtotakeadvice.C．Theypretendtobegoodpilots.D．TheyarequicklearnersofCRM.解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，医生往往不喜欢听取建议，因为他们了解情况。6．TheauthordeepenedhisunderstandingofthepowerofCRMwhen.A．hesavedtheplanebyspeakingupB．hewasinchargeofaflyingtaskC．hisbosslandedtheplanetoolateD．hisbossoperatedonapatient解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知，作者大胆提醒飞行员(主治医师)放下起落架，第一次感受到了大胆说出来的力量，且从此以后在手术室也这样做。7．Theunderlinedwordsinthelastparagraphprobablymeans.A．followingflyingrequirementsB．over­reactingtodifferentopinionsC．listeningtowhatfellowdoctorssayD．makingamistakethatmaycostlives解析：选D词义猜测题。根据句意“但是我希望，如果我继续鼓励他们，有人会在某一天阻止我犯‘将起落架升起来’这样严重的错误”可知，此处“landinggearup”借指所犯的可能会以生命为代价的错误。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CRM：ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafeB．FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctorC．TheMakingofaGoodPilotD．APilot­TurnedDoctor解析：选B标题归纳题。作者将自己从飞行员职业经历中所获取的经验运用到行医生涯中，使自己善于倾听别人的建议，从而使自己成为了一名优秀的医生。故B项做标题最为恰当。CSincethefirstEarthDayin1970,Americanshavegottenalot“greener”towardtheenvironment.“Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit，”saysBruceAnderson,presidentofEarthDayUSA.Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Businesspeople,politicalleaders,universityprofessors,andespeciallymillionsofgrass­rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“Theunderstandinghasincreasedmany,manytimes，”saysGaylordNelson,theformergovernorfromWisconsin,whothoughtupthefirstEarthDay.AccordingtoUSgovernmentreports,emissions(排放)fromcarsandtruckshavedroppedfrom10.3milliontonsayearto5.5milliontons.ThenumberofcitiesproducingCObeyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.Althoughseriousproblemsstillremainandneedtobedealtwith,theworldisasaferandhealthierplace.Akindof“greenthinking”hasbeepartofpractices.Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms;todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.Twenty­fiveyearsago,therewerehardlyanyeducationprogramsforenvironment.Today,it'shardtofindapublicschool,university,orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.“Untilwedothat,nothingelsewillchange！”saysBruceAnderson.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了环保意识在美国从无到有，逐渐增强，环保教育势在必行。9．AccordingtoAnderson,before1970,Americanshadlittleideaabout.A．thesocialmovementB．recyclingtechniquesC．environmentalproblemsD．theimportanceofEarthDay解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“‘Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit’”可知，1970年以前美国人对环境问题所知甚少。10．Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlyefrom?A．Thegrass­rootslevel.B．Thebusinesscircle.C．Governmentofficials.D．Universityprofessors.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“especiallymillionsofgrass­rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement”可知，数以百万计的草根美国人才是支持环保的中流砥柱。11．WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?A．Theyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest.B．Theyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems.C．TheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.D．Theyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段所列举的那些数据可知，美国政府多管齐下，污染问题大为缓解。12．Whatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Education.B．Planning.C．Greenliving.D．COreduction.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段内容推断，环保意识教育至关重要。另外，“educationprogramsforenvironment”是提示。

eq\a\vs4\al([课文对译])CALIFORNIACaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.NATIVEAMERICANSExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.THESPANISHInthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefromSpain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSA,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.RUSSIANSIntheearly1800s,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska,begansettlinginCalifornia.Todaythereareabout25,000Russian­AmericanslivinginandaroundSanFrancisco.GOLDMINERSIn1848,notlongaftertheAmerican­Mexicanwar,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbeingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.ThenadventurersfromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbeingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty­firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.LATERARRIVALSAlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.Today,Chinese­AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians,mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.TheindustryboomattractedEuropeansincludingmanyJewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexico.However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.MOSTRECENTARRIVALSInmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbeehometomorepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans,Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe1970s,theputerindust