新文科大学英语 课件 Unit 3 The fabric of society

•explainthemechanismandfunctionofgridmanagement;•describethe15-minutecityapproachtourbanplanning;•designaneffectivehookinanintroductoryparagraph;•makeadocumentaryonthewisdomofsocialgovernanceinChina.新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArts3UnitThefabricofsociety新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsAfterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:explainthemechanismandfunctionofgridmanagement;describethe15-minutecityapproachtourbanplanning;designaneffectivehookinanintroductoryparagraph;makeadocumentaryonthewisdomofsocialgovernanceinChina.Learning

objectives新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsCONTENTSUnlockingthetopicViewingtoknowReadingtoexploreBuildingyourlanguageTellingChina’sstoriesSettingthesceneAsurbanpopulationsgrow,moderncitiesarechallengedinmanyways,suchasprovidingefficientinfrastructureandbuildinginclusivecommunitieswhileensuringpoliciesmeetdiverselocalneedsandpromotesocialcohesion.Addressingthesedemandsrequiresinnovativeapproachestourbanplanningandsocialgovernance,andcitiesaroundtheworldhaveproposedandimplementedvariousstrategies.Whatcanwelearnfromothercities?Andhowcangovernmentsrefinetheirstrategiestoaligneconomicgrowthwithpublicneedsandpromoteresilient,equitabledevelopment?SettingthesceneTopromotecommunicationofcross-cityexchanges,theWorldCitiesDayinitiativeisinvitingdocumentarysubmissionsthatexplorestrategiesshapingmoderncities.YouareexpectedtomakeadocumentarytohighlightthewisdomofurbangovernanceinChina.Whataspectswillyoufocuson?HowcantheChineseexperiencecontributetoglobalgovernance?ScanthecodeandcompletetheknowledgeactivationexerciseonUcampus.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.Whatdoyouseeinthefollowingpictures?Howdoyouthinktheycanrelatetothedevelopmentofcitiesinhumanhistory?

ReferenceanswersThefourimagesdepictarangeofscenesthatcanbeassociatedwithdifferentstagesoraspectsofhumandevelopmentandtheevolutionofcities:1.Hunter-gatherers:Thefirstimageshowswhatappeartobeprehistorichumanshuntingwithspears.Thisrepresentstheearlieststageofhumansociety,wherepeoplelivedinsmallgroupsandmovedfromplacetoplaceinsearchoffood.Citieshadnotyetbeenconceived,andhumansettlementsweretransientandsmall-scale.Referenceanswers2.Agriculture:Thesecondimagedepictsafieldofwheat.Thedevelopmentofagriculturewasapivotalmomentinhumanhistory.Itallowedpeopletosettleinoneplace,leadingtotheformationofpermanentcommunities.Thiswasacrucialsteptowardthedevelopmentofcities,asitcreatedfoodsurplusesthatsupportedlargerpopulationsandtheemergenceofspecializedroles.Referenceanswers3.Ancientcivilizations:Thethirdimageshowstheruinsofwhatlookslikeanancientcity,possiblyRomeorasimilarhistoricalsite.Thisrepresentsthestagewherecitiesbegantoemergeascentersofculture,governance,andeconomicactivity.Theconstructionofsuchcitiesrequiredadvancedknowledgeofengineeringandarchitecture,andtheirdevelopmentoftenreflectedcomplexsocialstructures.Referenceanswers4.Moderncities:Thefourthimageisofamoderncityscapewithskyscrapers.Thisrepresentsthecurrentstageofurbandevelopment,wherecitiesarehubsofinnovation,commerce,andculture.Theyareoftendenselypopulatedandrelyonadvancedinfrastructureandtechnology.Thetransitionfromhunter-gatherersocietiestoagriculturalcommunitieslaidthegroundworkforurbanizationbyenablingstablefoodsupplies.ReferenceanswersTheriseofancientcivilizationsrevealsearlyformsofurbanplanningandarchitecturethathaveevolvedovertime.Moderncitiesreflecttheculminationofthousandsofyearsofdevelopment,incorporatingadvancementsintechnology,infrastructure,andurbanplanning.Tosumup,theseimagescollectivelyillustratetheprogressionfromtheearliesthumansocietiestothecomplexurbanenvironmentsoftoday.Eachstagehascontributedtothedevelopmentofcitiesintermsofsocialorganization,technologicalcapability,andculturalcomplexity.Wordbankdeplete

vt.

损耗advent

n.

（新产品、新思想、新习俗等的）出现irrigation

n.

灌溉facilitate

vt.

促进deployvt.

有效运用sanitation

n.

公共卫生vertically

ad.

竖直地malleable

a.（人、观点等）易受影响的Whathaveyoulearnedabouttheevolutionofcitiesinhumanhistoryandthefuturetrendsthatmightemerge?Watchthevideoclipandcompletethetimelinewithwhatyouhear.(Withsubtitles)(Withoutsubtitles)Timeperiod

KeydevelopmentsImpactonhumanexistenceEarliestdaysofhumanhistoryHunting-gatheringPeoplemovingfromplacetoplaceinsearchof1)_______About10,000yearsagoSelectivebreedingandearlyagricultureLeadingtothedevelopmentof2)________________villagesAbout5,000yearsagoAdventofirrigation,3)_____________,andothertechniquesMakingpermanentsettlementspossiblesoiltilling semi-permanentfood Timeperiod

KeydevelopmentsImpactonhumanexistenceAfterfoodsurplusesoccurredDevelopmentofotherspecialized4)_________inadditiontofarmingLeadingtothedevelopmentofcitiesAftercitiescameintoexistenceCommerceandinteractionoverlongdistancesInventionofcarts,ships,roads,ports,etc.Morepeoplemovingtothecitiesfor5)_____________________trades

jobsandopportunitiesTimeperiod

KeydevelopmentsImpactonhumanexistence2000B.C.E.OvercrowdedcitiesduetolimitedtransportationandtheexistenceofdefensivecitywallsMuchhigher6)___________________thansomemoderncitiesDuringtheRomanEmpireDevelopmentof7)_____________Overcomingthelimitationsofearlycitiespopulationdensitiesinfrastructure Timeperiod

KeydevelopmentsImpactonhumanexistenceDuringtheIndustrialRevolutionNewtechnologydeployeedonamassscaleAllowingcitiesto8)___________________furtherInthefutureVerticalfarms,multiplesourcesofrenewableenergy,andmorevertical9)_____________Anincreasinglyconnectedandglobalworldexpandandintegrateresidences

ScriptsToday,morethanhalfofallpeopleintheworldliveinanurbanarea.Bymid-century,thiswillincreaseto70percent.Butasrecentlyas100yearsago,onlytwooutoftenpeoplelivedinacity,andbeforethat,itwasevenless.Howhavewereachedsuchahighdegreeofurbanization,andwhatdoesitmeanforourfuture?Intheearliestdaysofhumanhistory,humanswerehunter-gatherers,oftenmovingfromplacetoplaceinsearchoffood.Butabout10,000yearsago,ourancestorsbegantolearnthesecretsof

Scriptsselectivebreedingandearlyagriculturaltechniques.Forthefirsttime,peoplecouldraisefoodratherthansearchforit,andthisledtothedevelopmentofsemi-permanentvillagesforthefirsttimeinhistory.Whyonlysemi-permanent,youmightask?Well,atfirst,thevillagesstillhadtorelocateeveryfewyearsasthesoilbecamedepleted.Itwasonlywiththeadventoftechniqueslikeirrigationandsoiltillingabout5,000yearsago,thatpeoplecouldrelyonasteadyandlong-

Scriptstermsupplyoffood,makingpermanentsettlementspossible.Andwiththefoodsurplusesthatthesetechniquesproduced,itwasnolongernecessaryforeveryonetofarm.Thisallowedthedevelopmentofotherspecializedtrades,andbyextension,cities.Withcitiesnowproducingsurplusfoodaswellastools,crafts,andothergoods,therewasnowthepossibilityofcommerceandinteractionoverlongerdistances.Andastradeflourished,sodidtechnologiesthatfacilitatedit,likecarts,ships,roads,andports.

ScriptsOfcourse,thesethingsrequiredevenmorelabortobuildandmaintain,somorepeopleweredrawnfromthecountrysidetothecitiesasmorejobsandopportunitiesbecameavailable.Ifyouthinkmoderncitiesareovercrowded,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatsomecitiesin2,000B.C.E.hadpopulationdensitiesevenhigherthanthoseintoday’smostdenselypopulatedurbanareas.Onereasonforthiswasthattransportationwasnotwidelyavailable,soeverythinghadtobewithinwalkingdistance,includingthefew

Scriptssourcesofcleanwaterthatexistedthen.Andthelandareaofthecitywasfurtherrestrictedbytheneedforwallstodefendagainstattacks.TheRomanEmpirewasabletodevelopinfrastructuretoovercometheselimitations.Butotherthanthat,moderncitiesasweknowthemdidn’treallygettheirstartuntiltheIndustrialRevolution,whennewtechnologydeployedonamassscaleallowedcitiestoexpandandintegratefurther,establishingpolice,fire,andsanitation

Scriptsdepartments,aswellasroadnetworksandlater,electricitydistribution.Sowhatisthefutureofcities?Globalpopulationiscurrentlymorethan7billionandispredictedtotopoutaround10billion.Mostofthisgrowthwilloccurintheurbanareasoftheworld’spoorestcountries.Sohowwillcitiesneedtochangetoaccommodatethisgrowth?

ScriptsFirst,theworldwillneedtoseekwaystoprovideadequatefood,sanitation,andeducationforallpeople.Second,growthwillneedtohappeninawaythatdoesnotdamagethelandthatprovidesuswiththegoodsandservicesthatsupportthehumanpopulation.Foodproductionmightmovetoverticalfarmsinskyscrapers,rooftopgardens,orvacantlotsincitycenters,whilepowerwillincreasinglycomefrommultiplesourcesofrenewableenergy.Insteadofsingle-familyhomes,moreresidenceswillbebuiltvertically.Wemayseebuildingsthatcontain

Scriptseverythingthatpeopleneedfortheirdailylife,aswellassmaller,self-sufficientcitiesfocusedonlocalandsustainableproduction.Thefutureofcitiesisdiverse,malleable,andcreative–nolongerbuiltaroundasingleindustry,butreflectinganincreasinglyconnectedandglobalworld.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.1.Inthevideo,itisarguedthatfoodsurpluseswerecriticaltotheriseofcities.Howdidthissurplusdirectlyleadtoothersocialchanges?2.Thevideosuggestsverticalfarmsandrenewableenergyassolutionsforfuturecities.Doyouthinktheseinnovationswillsolvetheprobleminurbanization,orcouldtheycreatenewproblems?Whyorwhynot?ReferenceanswersFoodsurplusesplayedacriticalroleinthedevelopmentofcomplexsocieties.Withmorefoodavailablethannecessaryforimmediateconsumption,communitiescouldsupportlargerpopulations,facilitatingthegrowthofpermanentsettlements.Thissurplusallowedforthespecializationoflabor,asindividualscouldfocusonnon-agriculturaltasks,suchascrafts,trade,andgovernance.Italsoenabledtheformationofsocialhierarchies,asthosewhocontrolledthesurplusoffoodamassedmorewealthandpower,Referenceanswersleadingtotheemergenceofrulingclassesandsocialstratification.Furthermore,thesurplusoffoodnecessitatedtheestablishmentofgovernancetomanagethegrowingcomplexitiesofsociety,whichinturngaverisetothedevelopmentofearlyformsofgovernment.Additionally,theabilitytostoreandmanagesurplusfoodalsoledtotheestablishmentoftradenetworksandtheexchangeofgoodsbetweendifferentregions,fosteringeconomicdevelopmentandculturalexchanges.ReferenceanswersVerticalfarmsandrenewableenergyareinnovativesolutionsthatcanaddressseveralchallengesassociatedwithurbanization.Verticalfarmingsignificantlyincreasesfoodproductioninasmallfootprint,reducingtheneedforagriculturallandandtheenvironmentalimpactsoffoodtransportation.Thiscanhelpcitiesbecomemoreself-sufficientinfoodproduction,enhancingfoodsecurityandreducingtheecologicalfootprintofurbanareas.Renewableenergy,ontheotherhand,offersasustainablewaytomeetthegrowingenergydemandsofcitieswhilereducinggreenhousegasemissionsanddependenceonfossilfuels.ReferenceanswersHowever,theseinnovationscouldalsocreatenewchallenges.Theimplementationofverticalfarmsrequiressignificantinitialinvestmentandadvancedtechnology,whichmightnotbefeasibleforallcities,especiallythosewithlimitedresources.Therecouldalsobeissuesrelatedtothesustainabilityofthesesystemsovertime,suchasenergyconsumptionforverticalfarmingoperationsandthedisposaloforganicwaste.Additionally,therelianceonrenewableenergysourcescanbesubjecttofluctuationsinsupply,dependingonweatherconditions,whichmightrequiresophisticatedenergystoragesolutionstoensureastablepowersupply.ReferenceanswersInconclusion,whileverticalfarmsandrenewableenergyhavethepotentialtogreatlybenefiturbanenvironments,theirsuccessfulintegrationintocityinfrastructurewillrequirecarefulplanning,substantialinvestment,andongoingmanagementtoaddressanyemergingchallenges.v新文科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewLiberalArtsReadingtoexploreReading

2Reading

1GridmanagementhelpsbuildsocialorderinurbanChina1OneSundayinApril,Idroveacrosstowntomyfriend’sneighborhoodinTianjin,avibrantcoastalmetropolisinnorthernChina.Iparkedmycarandtriedtolocatehisbuilding.Ilookedaroundatthetoweringapartmentblockssurroundingme,butcouldn’tfindthebuildingnumbersorsignposts.AsIreachedformyphonetocallmyfriend,twomiddle-agedwomenappearedaheadofme.“Areyoulost?”oneofthemsaid.Inodded.“I’mlookingforBuilding12b.”Theysmiledandguidedmealongthepathtothebuilding.2Thesetwowomenwerecommunityvolunteerswhowerepatrollingtheresidentialbuildings.Theysaidtheyknewtheneighborhoodlikethebackoftheirhands,andcouldtellIwaslostthemomenttheysawme.Theirhelpfulnessandfriendlinesswereatestamenttothecommunityspiritthatthrivesinthisarea.Itwashearteningtoseetheseresidentsactivelyworkingtokeeptheirneighborhoodsafeandwelcoming.3ThisstyleoflocalgovernanceisrelativelycommoninChinesecitiesandreflectsaproactiveapproachtocommunityaffairs.Theaboveanecdoteisoneofthosecommonlyfoundincommunitiesgenerallyknownbytheterm“masspreventionandtreatment.”Whenthisiscombinedwithatop-downsystemofsocialmanagement,theresultisanadministrativestylecalledgridmanagement.Inthissystem,localofficialsrallycommunityvolunteerstoserveasauxiliarypublicorderpersonnel.Comingfromdiversesocialgroups,thesevolunteersbringabundant

vitality

tocommunityinvolvement.4Communityvolunteersreceiveoccupationalinjuryinsuranceguaranteedbythestate.Theydonothavefixedhoursofwork,whichaffordsthemtheflexibilitytoparticipateincommunityaffairs.Theirmultiplerolesincludeassistingincensussurveysandpublichealthinitiatives,providingsupporttovulnerablegroups,andoverseeingpublicfacilitiesandenvironmentalinitiatives.Theyactasabridgebetweenresidentsandthegovernment,ensuringeffectivecommunicationand

implementation

ofpoliciesat

grassroots

level.5GridmanagementwaspilotedbylocalgovernmentofficialsinBeijing’sDongchengDistrictin2004,wheretheyreorganizedthedistrict’scommunitiesintoagridsystem.Certainpersonnelincludingurbanmanagers,police,supervisors,Partybranchsecretaries,legalworkers,etc.,wereassignedtoeachgridunit.Theseteamsmobilizedhundredsofthousandsofcommunityvolunteersoperatinginthedistrict,manyofwhomweredrawnfromexistingneighborhoodcommittees.6OfficialsproudlyacknowledgedthatDongcheng’sgridmanagementprojecthadbeenaroaringsuccess,notingamarkedincreaseinpositivefeedbackfromthepublic,praisingitstimelyandeffectivework.Additionally,thecrimerateandaccidentfrequencyperthousandpeopleinDongchengremainrelativelylow,whichisapositiveindicator

ofasafecommunityenvironment.7InNovember2013,theChinesegovernmentrevealeditsplantointegrategridmanagementintoexistingmodelsofgrassrootsurbangovernance.By2015,theStateCouncilofficiallyapprovedthegridmanagementsystemfornational

roll-out.ThisdevelopmentwasseenasanecessityinthefaceofChina’srapidurbanization,whichhasseenmillionsofpeoplemigratingtocitiesinsearchofbetterlives.This

influx

ofpeoplefromalloverthecountryhasmadethecommunitiesa

richmosaic

ofdiversecultures.8Astoday,theresidentsinacommunityarelesslikelytoknowtheirneighbors,thegovernmentviewsgridmanagementasawaytocounteractthisphenomenon.Bydrawingontheirdeepfamiliaritywithlocaldynamics,thevolunteersplayacriticalroleinwelcomingnewcomers,sharingneighborhoodknowledge,andfosteringarenewedsenseofbelonging.9WhilethereisawidearrayoftechnologiesbeingdeployedinChinesecitiesforpublicsafety,mostofthesedevicesarecurrentlyreactiveratherthanpreventative.

Computersareunabletodeterminewhatconstitutessuspiciousbehavior,butthisisanaturalabilityformostpeople.Therefore,despitetheincreasingavailabilityofmoreandmorepowerfultechnologies,communityvolunteersfindingandreportingsuspiciousactivitiesstillplayanessentialroleinmaintainingpublicsafety.10Typically,communityvolunteersarelong-termresidentswhoarefamiliarwiththeircommunity’sdynamics.Thisenablesthemtoestablishtrustandcooperationamongresidentsthatwouldbedifficultforoutsiderstoachieve.Inessence,theirworkisfundamentaltourbangovernance,ensuringthatnationalpoliciesresonateatthelocallevelandthatresidents’voicescontributetothebroaderadministrativediscourse.11Theobjectivebenefitsofgridmanagementareevident.Chinesemegacities

areoftenpraisedfortheirhighlevelsofprosperityandlowratesofcrime.Facedwith

demandsacrossvasturbanpopulations,officialsactivelyseekadditionalsupportfromvolunteers,

tappinginto

publicenthusiasmformaintainingsocialorder.Itiswidelyagreedthatgridmanagementisavaluabletoolforfosteringstrongercommunitytiesandenhancingpublicmanagement,weavingsafety,service,andsocialharmonyatgrassrootslevel.12AsChinacontinuestourbanize,cityofficialsarerefininggridmanagementpracticestobettersupportlocalneighborhoods.Withongoingimprovementsinvolunteertrainingandtheintegrationofadvancedtechnologies,gridmanagementispoisedtobecomeevenmoreefficientandsustainable.Inthisway,residentscantakeever-moreactiverolesintheircommunities,promotingthecreationofresilient,harmoniousurbanenvironmentswhereeveryonecanfeelsaferandmoreconnected.BackgroundinformationChina’sgridmanagementsystemisasophisticatedframeworkforgrassrootssocialgovernancethatdividesurbanneighborhoodsandruralvillagesintosmaller,manageableunitsknownas“grids.”Eachgridtypicallycovers100-500householdsandisoverseenbydedicatedpersonnel(gridmembers),oftencomprisingcommunityworkers,volunteers,orpart-timestaff.Organizedhierarchically–fromcommunity/village-levelgridsuptotownship/sub-districtandcounty/districtlevels–thisstructureintegratesPartyorganizations,governmentagencies,andcommunityresources.BackgroundinformationItsprimaryaimistodecentralizegovernance,enablingpreciseoversightandrapidresponsestolocalneedsbypositioninggridmembersasfrontlineliaisonsbetweenresidentsandauthorities.Thesystemempowersgridmemberstoperformseveralcriticalfunctions:collectingreal-timedataondemographics,infrastructure,andsocialdynamics;disseminatinggovernmentpolicies;deliveringpublicservices(e.g.,welfaresupport,administrativeassistance);mediatingminordisputes;monitoringpublicsafety;andcoordinatingemergencyresponses.BackgroundinformationEnhancedbydigitalplatformsfordatasharingandtaskmanagement,thisapproachstrengthensthegovernment’spresenceatthegrassrootslevel.Itpromotessocialstability,enablesefficientpolicyimplementation,andfacilitatessynergisticgovernancebyresolvinghyper-localissuesswiftlywhilefosteringcommunityparticipation.metropolis

n.[C]averylargecity,oftenthemostimportantcityinalargeareaorcountry

大城市；大都市patrol

vt.goaroundanareaorabuildingtoseeifthereisanytroubleordanger巡查；巡逻governance

n.

[U](fml.)theactorprocessofgoverning管理；管理方法administrative

a.relatingtothearrangementsandworkthatisneededtocontroltheoperationofaplanororganization管理的；

行政的auxiliary

a.givinghelporsupport,esp.toamoreimportantpersonorthing

辅助的census

n.[C]anofficialprocessofcountingacountry’spopulationandfindingoutaboutthepeople

人口普查initiative

n.

1.[C]anewplanorprocesstoachievesth.orsolveaproblem倡议；新措施2.[U]theabilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutwaitingforsb.totellyouwhattodo

自主决断的能力；主动性implementation

n.[U]theactofstartingtouseaplanorsystem（计划、系统的）实施，执行Thenoun“implementation”referstothe

act

of

starting

tousea

plan

or

system.Inthissentence,“implementation”indicatestheprocessofputtinggovernmentpoliciesintoactionorexecutingthematthegrassrootslevel.e.g.Thesuccessfulimplementationofthenewrecyclingprogramresultedinasignificantreductioninwasteinthecommunity.grassroots

a.involvingtheordinarypeopleinasocietyoranorganization

基层的；民众的；草根的n.(the~)[pl.]theordinarypeopleinasocietyoranorganization基层民众；平民百姓“Grassrootslevel”referstothemostbasicorlocallevelofanorganizationormovement,emphasizingtheactiveinvolvementofthecommunityintheprocess.indicator

n.[C]sth.thatshowswhatasituationislike指标；指示物roll-out

n.[C,U]anoccasionwhenacompany,thegovernment,etc.introducesorstartstouseanewproductorservice

正式推出；首次展示

Thephrase“roll-out”referstotheprocessofofficiallylaunchingorimplementingthegridmanagementsystemonanationalscale.Itimpliesasystematicapproachtodeployment,ensuringthatthenecessarystepsaretakentoeffectivelyintroduceandintegratethesystemintodifferentareas,oftenfollowingaplanorschedule.e.g.Theroll-outofthenewhealthcarereformhasbeenmetwithwidespreadpublicsupport.influx

n.[C]thearrivalofalotofpeopleorthingsatthesametime大量涌入Thenoun“influx”indicatesasignificantarrivalorincreaseinpopulation.e.g.Thecityexperiencedaninfluxoftouristsduringthesummerfestival,leadingtocrowdedstreetsandbustlinglocalbusinesses.discourse

n.(fml.)1.[U]seriousconversationordiscussionbetweenpeople

（严肃的）交谈，谈话2.[C]aseriousspeechorpieceofwritingonaparticularsubject（关于某个主题的）演讲，论述，著述megacity

n.[C]averylargecity,esp.onewithmorethan10millionpeoplelivinginit（人口超过1,000万的）大城市，特大城市resilient

a.abletobecomestrong,happy,orsuccessfulagainafteradifficultsituationorevent有复原力的；适应力强的vitalityThenoun“vitality”means“great

energy

andeagernesstodothings.”Here,theterm“abundantvitality”suggeststhattheirinvolvementisnotonlyactivebutalsoinvigorating,enhancingtheoveralleffectivenessandspiritofcommunityengagement.e.g.Thevibrantenergyandvitalityofthecommunitywereevidentduringtheannualfestivalcelebrations.richmosaic“richmosaic”suggeststhatthecombinationofthesediverseculturalbackgroundscreatesabeautifulandcomplexcommunity,muchlikehowdifferentpiecesformadetailedmosaicartwork.e.g.Theartistcreatedastunningmosaicusingcolorfultiles,depictingavibrantlandscapefilledwithflowersandtrees.befacedwith

Thephrase“befacedwith”means“toencounterorconfrontaparticularsituation,challenge,orsetofcircumstances.”Inthecontext,itsuggeststhatofficialsareencounteringthechallengesandneedsthatarisefromlargecitypopulations.e.g.

Facedwithtoughcompetitioninthemarket,thecompanyhadtoinnovateitsproductstoattractmorecustomers.tapintoThephrase“tapinto”means“tomanagetousesth.inawaythatbringsgoodresults.”Inthissentence,itsuggeststhatofficialsareactivelyleveragingthepublic’swillingnessandeagernesstosupporteffortsaimedatkeepingsocietyorderlyandsafe.e.g.Themarketingteamdecidedtotapintosocialmediatrendstoreachayoungeraudienceandincreaseengagementwiththeirbrand.Comingfromdiversesocialgroups,thesevolunteersbringabundantvitalitytocommunityinvolvement.[Meaning]:Thevolunteers,whocomefromvarioussocialbackgroundsandcommunities,contributeagreatdealofenergy,enthusiasm,andlivelinesstocommunityactivities.[Structure&Grammar]:Theparticipialphrase“comingfrom”providescontextaboutthevolunteers.Itimpliesthattheirvariedbackgroundsenrichtheircontributionstocommunityinvolvement.[Notes]:Thissentencehighlightsthepositiveimpactthatadiversegroupofvolunteershasoncommunityefforts,whichbecomemoredynamicandengagingasaresult.Theyactasabridgebetweenresidentsandthegovernment,ensuringeffectivecommunicationandimplementationofpoliciesatgrassrootslevel.[Meaning]:Communityvolunteersfacilitateinteractionandunderstandingbetweenthelocalcommunity(residents)andthegovernment.Theyhelpensurethatinformationflowssmoothlyinbothdirections–bringingtheconcernsandneedsofresidentstothegovernmentandcommunicatinggovernmentpoliciestothem.[Structure&Grammar]:Thesentence“Theyactasabridge”isametaphorsuggestingthattheseindividualsfacilitateaconnectionorlinkbetweenresidentsandthegovernment.[Notes]:Thesentencehighlightsthecrucialrolecommunityvolunteersplayinreflectingtheneedsandvoicesofresidentswhileensuringthatgovernmentactionsareeffectivelyimplementedwithinthecommunity.Theseteamsmobilizedhundredsofthousandsofcommunityvolunteersoperatinginthedistrict,manyofwhomweredrawnfromexistingneighborhoodcommitte