河南省豫西名校2025届高三下学期模拟考试（一）英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省豫西名校2025届高三下学期模拟考试（一）英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APetsarepartofourfamilysoit’simportanttofactortheminwhenplanningatripthatyou’renottakingthemwithyouon.PetcharityBlueCrossadvisesplanningwellinadvancesoyouknowthatyourpetwillbecomfortable.FamilyandfriendsLeavingyourpetinthecareofatrustedfriendorneighbourwillgiveyoupeaceofmindthatitwillbewellcaredfor.Yourpetwillbeabletostaywiththemintheirhome.Thingstoconsiderifyourpetisstayinginanotherhouse:·Dotheyhaveanotherdogorpetandwilltheygetonwithyourpet?·Dotheyhaveagarden?Isthegardensecuresoyourpetcan’tescape?PetsitterPetsittersstayinorvisityourhometolookafteryourpetwhileyou’reawayforafee.Thisisagoodoptionwhichallowsyourpettostayinafamiliarenvironmentandyouwillreceiveregularupdates.Howtofindagoodpetsitter:·Askfriendsandfamilyforrecommendationsforpetsitters.·Petsittersdon’tneedalicensetowork,butreputableoneswillbeabletoshowyoutrainingandinsurancecertificates.·Checkreviewsonlinefromindependentreviewsites.HomeboarderHomeboardersarepeoplethattakepetsintotheirownhomestolookafterforafee.Howtofindagoodhomeboarder:·Checktheirhomehasnoobviousdangers,likeexposedwires,toxicsubstancesandunsecuredfences.·Yourpetisinvitedroundtogettoknowthehomeandmeetthefamilyit’llbestayingwith.·Youcaneasilyfindandviewtheirlicensetohomeboardpetsfromthelocalcouncilaswellastheirinsurancedetailsandtraining.BoardingkennelsKennelsareanoption,butitdependswhetheryourpetiscomfortablebeingleftaloneinakennelenvironmentaroundotherpets.Howtofindaboardingkennel:·Getapersonalrecommendation,andcheckthekennelislicensed.·Askifyoucanvisitbeforeyoubook.·Askaboutinsurancecoverandtheprocedureforcontactingavet(兽医).1.Ifyoupreferyourpettostayinafamiliarenvironment,youcanleaveitwith_____.A.afriend B.apetsitter C.ahomeboarder D.aboardingkennel2.Howcanonefindasuitablehomeboarder?A.Calltheinsurancecompany.B.Checkthelicensefromthelocalcouncil.C.Checkreviewsfromindependentreviewsites.D.Invitehimovertoyourhomeandmeetyourfamily.3.Whomayfindthispassagemostuseful?A.Avetwhodesirestochangehisjob.B.Amanwhoisconsideringadoptingadog.C.Acouplewhoareplanningtorentahouse.D.Apetownerwhowilltakeabusinesstrip.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在主人外出旅行时，照顾并安置家中宠物的四种方式。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Petsitter中“Thisisagoodoptionwhichallowsyourpettostayinafamiliarenvironmentandyouwillreceiveregularupdates.(这是一个很好的选择，可以让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中，你会收到定期的更新)”可知，选择宠物保姆能让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Homeboarder中“Youcaneasilyfindandviewtheirlicensetohomeboardpetsfromthelocalcouncilaswellastheirinsurancedetailsandtraining.(你可以很容易地从当地议会找到并查看他们的家庭宠物执照，以及他们的保险细节和培训)”可知，想要给宠物找一个合适的寄宿家庭，可以查一下当地议会的家庭宠物执照。故选B项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Petsarepartofourfamilysoit’simportanttofactortheminwhenplanningatripthatyou’renottakingthemwithyouon.PetcharityBlueCrossadvisesplanningwellinadvancesoyouknowthatyourpetwillbecomfortable.(宠物是我们家庭的一部分，所以当你计划不带它们一起旅行时，把它们考虑进去是很重要的。宠物慈善机构蓝十字会建议提前做好计划，这样你就知道你的宠物会过得很舒服)”可知，本文是写给不计划带宠物出去旅行，而想要宠物得到照顾的人看的。由此推知，“一个要出差的养宠物的人”会觉得这篇文章有用。故选D项。BInearly2018,IwastrainingfortheLondonMarathon—thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople'sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn'tit?Thepointwastobebetter.Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears'worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.WhathasbecomeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude;howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards—clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI'mslowlyploddingalong,andthat'sgoodenough.4.Whatwastheimmediatecauseoftheauthor'stearsafterherfinaltrainingrun?A.Exhaustionfromthelong-distancerun.B.Therealizationthatshehadtoquittraining.C.Severepaininherlegsduetotoomucheffort.D.Thefailureofherfitnesswatchtorecordthedata.5.Howdidtheauthorinitiallyviewtheuseofexercisetrackingtechnology?A.Asameretoolforentertainment.B.Asanecessityforsocialrecognition.C.Asapathtobecomingabetterrunner.D.Asameanstoavoidpersonalresponsibility.6.Whatdoesthephrase"beingbetter"signifytotheauthorinhercurrentperspective?A.Enhancingheroverallqualityoflife.B.Achievingvictoriesincompetitiveraces.C.Havingaclearerfocusonpersonalgoals.D.Liberatingherselffromdemandingschedules.7.Whatlessoncanwedrawfromtheauthor'sexperienceasdescribedinthepassage?A.Engaginginsportsisessentialforhappiness.B.Embracingchangeleadstopersonalfulfillment.C.Passionatepursuitiscrucialforachievingsuccess.D.Self-improvementmeansthesameasachievingsuccess.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在准备伦敦马拉松期间使用运动追踪技术，从最初觉得它能帮助自我提升，到后来因心理健康问题重新审视运动的意义，最终放弃运动追踪，享受跑步本身的经历。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段前三句“Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.(在最后一次训练结束时——一段令人筋疲力尽的21英里(34公里)长跑——我一回到家就一头倒在地上，结果发现手表坏了。21英里在屏幕上闪了一下，然后就消失了，永远消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起来。)”可知，作者在最后一次训练跑后流泪的直接原因是她的健身手表未能记录数据。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段后两句“Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn'tit?Thepointwastobebetter.(我从未真正认为运动追踪是个问题。在我看来，追踪是自我提升的途径，而关键不就是提升吗？关键是变得更好。)”可知，作者最初对运动追踪技术的看法是它是成为更好的跑步者的一条途径。故选C项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.(在过去的一年里，“变得更好”这个概念有了不同的含义。我的心理健康状况下降了，曾经很容易的事情，比如刷牙，变得难以想象的困难。变得更好不再意味着变得更快或更强。它意味着照顾好自己，在一天中感受到一些快乐。)”以及后文提到的作者现在跑步时关注的点（如腿的感觉、思维清晰度、周围的景色等），可以推断出“变得更好”现在对作者来说意味着改善她的整体生活质量。故选A项。【7题详析】推理判断题。纵览全文，作者最初依赖运动追踪技术来追求自我提升，后来因自身情况改变而放弃了这种技术，转而享受跑步本身，重新定义了“变得更好”的含义。这表明作者接受了这种变化，并在变化中找到了个人的满足感。因此，从作者的经历中我们可以得出的教训是接受变化会带来个人的满足感。故选B项。CUsingCRISPRgenome(基因组)editingonafewcommoncrops,ateamofplantandsoilscientistsseekstovastlyincreaseandspeedupcarbonstoragetohelpfightclimatechange.Topreventdangerouslevelsofglobalwarming,scientistssayitwon'tbeenoughtojuststopburningfossilfuelsthatreleasecarbonintotheair.Becauseit'svirtuallyimpossibleforhumanitytodothatasfastasisnowrequired,wewillalsoneedtopullcarbonoutoftheairandsecureit.Plantsareamongthebesttoolswehavetodothis,sincetheselivingsolarcollectorsalreadycapturebillionsoftonsofcarbondioxideeachyearfromtheatmospherethroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).Abouthalfofthatcarbonwindsupinrootsandeventuallythesoil,whereitcanstayforhundredstothousandsofyears.Butwhatifwecouldcreateplantsandsoilsthatarebetteratcapturingcarbon?WithCRISPRgenomeediting—anewmolecular(分子的)biologytoolthatallowsscientiststomakeeditstotheDNAcodethatunderpinsalllife—thatmightbepossible.Lastmonth,theInnovativeGenomicsInstitute(IGI),aresearchteamfoundedbyCRISPRpioneerJenniferDoudna,begantoexploretheidea.Withan$11-milliongiftfromtheChanZuckerbergInitiative,ateamofresearchersembarkedonathree-yeareffortusingCRISPRtocreatenewcropvarietiesthatphotosynthesizemoreefficientlyandfunnelmorecarbonintothesoil.Eventually,theresearchershopetocreategene-editedriceandsorghumseedsthatcould—ifplantedaroundtheglobe—pullmorethanabillionextratonsofcarbonoutoftheairannually.It’sanambitiousgoal,andtheteamislikelytofacenumerouschallengesinthelabbeforeitsCO2-scrubbingplantscanbeputintheground.Additionalsocial,policy,andethicalconsiderationswilldeterminewhetherthosecropsarewidelyadoptedbyfarmers.Buttheresearchersbelievetheirambitiousprojectmeetstheurgencyoftheclimatecrisis.8.ThepurposeofusingCRISPRgenomeeditingoncropsis________.A.tohelpfightclimatechangeB.toincreasecarbonstorageC.tocreatenewcropvarietiesD.toreleasemorecarbonDioxide9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.catch. B.release. C.absorb. D.grab.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthistext?A.CO2-scrubbingplantscanbeputinthegroundnow.B.Itisstillunknownwhethergene-editedcropswillbeaccepted.C.Researchershassuccessfullycreategene-editedriceandsorghumseeds.D.CRISPRgenomeeditingwillfacesomanychallengesthatithasnofuture.11.HowdotheresearchersthinkofusingCRISPRgenomeeditingoncrops?A.Hopeless. B.Promising. C.Suspicious. D.Pessimistic.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物和土壤科学家团队利用CRISPR基因编辑技术，旨在通过改造常见作物来大幅提高和加速碳储存，以应对气候变化。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“UsingCRISPRgenome(基因组)editingonafewcommoncrops,ateamofplantandsoilscientistsseekstovastlyincreaseandspeedupcarbonstoragetohelpfightclimatechange.(一个由植物和土壤科学家组成的团队，通过对几种常见作物进行CRISPR基因组编辑，试图大幅增加和加速碳储存，以帮助应对气候变化。)”可知，科学家使用基因编辑改变植物基因的最终目的是抵御气候改变。故选A。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据这句话“Plantsareamongthebesttoolswehavetodothis,sincetheselivingsolarcollectorsalreadycapturebillionsoftonsofcarbondioxideeachyearfromtheatmospherethroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).(植物是我们进行这项工作的最佳工具之一，因为这些太阳能收集器每年已通过光合作用从大气中……了数十亿吨的二氧化碳。)”可知，本段主要讲述了植物通过光合作用可以吸收二氧化碳。从而猜测划线词capture在句中为“吸收”之意。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’sanambitiousgoal,andtheteamislikelytofacenumerouschallengesinthelab(这是一个雄心勃勃的目标，该团队可能会在实验室面临许多挑战)”和“Additionalsocial,policy,andethicalconsiderationswilldeterminewhetherthosecropsarewidelyadoptedbyfarmers.(另外，社会、政策和伦理方面的考虑将决定这些作物是否被农民广泛采用。)”可知，该实验依然面临许多挑战，尚不清楚基因编辑作物是否会被接受。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Buttheresearchersbelievetheirambitiousprojectmeetstheurgencyoftheclimatecrisis.(但研究人员认为，他们雄心勃勃的项目符合气候危机的紧迫性。)”可知，科学家们对该研究是抱有希望的。故选B。DItappearsthatlanguagecanhaveafascinatingeffectonthewaywethinkabouttimeandspace.Agrowingnumberofexpertsbelievelanguagecaninfluencehowwethinkjustasourthoughtsandculturecanshapehowlanguagedevelops.CognitivescientistLeraBoroditsky,oneofthepioneersofresearchintohowlanguageinfluencesourthoughts,hasshownthatinEnglishandmanyotherEuropeanlanguages,peopletypicallyviewthepastasbeingbehindusandthefutureinfrontofus.ButinAymara,spokenbytheAymarapeoplewholiveintheAndesinBolivia,Chile,PeruandArgentina,thewordforfuturemeans“behindtime”.AndwhentheAymaratalkaboutthefuture,theytendtomakebackwardgestures,whereaspeoplewhospeakSpanish,forexample,viewthefutureasbeingaheadofthemandmakeforwardgestures.Languagesalsoencodetimeintheirgrammar.InEnglish,forexample,thefutureisoneofthreesimpletenses,alongwiththepastandthepresent—wesay“itrained”,“itrains”and“itwillrain”.ButinGerman,youcansayMorgenregnet,whichmeans“itrainstomorrow”—youdon'tneedtobuildthefutureintothegrammar.Thesameistrueformanyotherlanguages,includingMandarin(普通话).Butdoesthisaffecthowwethink?In2013,KeithChen,abehavioraleconomistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,setouttotestwhetherpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatare“futureless”mightfeelclosertothefuturethanthosewho…leakotherlanguages.Andhediscoveredthatspeakersoffuturelesslanguagesweremorelikelytoengageinfuture-focusedactivities.Theywere31%morelikelytohaveputmoneyintosavingsinanygivenyearandhadaccumulated39%morewealthbyretirement.Theywerealso24%lesslikelytosmoke,29%morelikelytobephysicallyactive,and13%lesslikelytobemedicallyobese(肥胖的).Thisresultheldevenwhencontrollingforfactorssuchassocioeconomicstatusandreligion.Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatlanguageisinfluencinghowwethinkabouttheworldaroundusandourpassagethroughit.Andwhilebeingmultilingualwon'tnecessarilymakeusagenius,weallcangainafreshperspectiveandamoreflexibleunderstandingoftheworldbylearninganewlanguage.12.HowdopeopleinEnglish-speakingcountriesandtheAymaraviewthewordforfuture?A.Bothseeitasbeingahead.B.Bothseeitasbeingbehind.C.Englishspeakersseeitbehind,whileAymaraseeitahead.D.Englishspeakersseeitahead,whileAymaraseeitbehind.13.WhatideadidKeithChen'sresearchstartfrom?A.Multilingualpeoplehaveawiderviewofthefuture.B.Culturaldifferencesmainlyshapefuture-orientedbehavior.C.Languageaffectshowpeopleseeandinteractwiththefuture.D.Languageswithfuturetensemakepeoplemoreforward-thinking.14.AccordingtoKeithChen,whichbehaviorismoretypicalamong“futureless”languagespeakers?A.Ignoringhealthadvice. B.Leadinganinactivelife.C.Savingmoneyforthefuture. D.Spendingmoneywithoutthinking.15.What'stheauthor'smainpointinthelastparagraph?A.Languagestudyshouldfocusongrammar.B.Learninganewlanguagebroadensyourworldview.C.Learningmultiplelanguagescanmakeoneagenius.D.Languagelearningiskeyforcross-culturalcommunication.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了语言对我们思考时间和空间的方式有着迷人的影响，包括不同语言对时间概念的不同表达，以及语言对人们行为的影响，最后强调学习新语言能带来新视角和对世界更灵活的理解。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“CognitivescientistLeraBoroditsky,oneofthepioneersofresearchintohowlanguageinfluencesourthoughts,hasshownthatinEnglishandmanyotherEuropeanlanguages,peopletypicallyviewthepastasbeingbehindusandthefutureinfrontofus.ButinAymara,spokenbytheAymarapeoplewholiveintheAndesinBolivia,Chile,PeruandArgentina,thewordforfuturemeans“behindtime”.AndwhentheAymaratalkaboutthefuture,theytendtomakebackwardgestures,whereaspeoplewhospeakSpanish,forexample,viewthefutureasbeingaheadofthemandmakeforwardgestures.(认知科学家莱拉・博罗迪茨基是研究语言如何影响我们思维的先驱之一。她表明，在英语和许多其他欧洲语言中，人们通常认为过去在我们身后，未来在我们面前。但在艾马拉语中，这种由生活在玻利维亚、智利、秘鲁和阿根廷安第斯山脉的艾马拉人所使用的语言里，“未来”这个词的意思是“落后于时间”。并且当艾马拉人谈论未来时，他们倾向于做出向后的手势，而例如说西班牙语的人则认为未来在他们前面，并做出向前的手势。)”可知，说英语和许多其他欧洲语言的人通常认为未来在前方，而说艾马拉语的艾马拉人认为未来意味着“时间之后”，即他们认为未来在后方。所以说英语的人认为未来在前方，而艾马拉人认为未来在后方。故选D项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Butdoesthisaffecthowwethink?In2013,KeithChen,abehavioraleconomistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,setouttotestwhetherpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatare"futureless"mightfeelclosertothefuturethanthosewho…leakotherlanguages.(但是这会影响我们的思维方式吗？2013年，加州大学洛杉矶分校的行为经济学家基思・陈开始测试说“没有未来时态”语言的人是否会比说其他语言的人感觉与未来更亲近。)”可知，KeithChen的研究是从语言是否会影响人们对未来的看法以及与未来的互动方式这一想法开始的，他想测试说没有“未来时态”语言的人是否比说其他语言的人更接近未来。所以KeithChen的研究开始于语言影响人们如何看待和与未来互动这一想法。故选C项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Andhediscoveredthatspeakersoffuturelesslanguagesweremorelikelytoengageinfuture-focusedactivities.Theywere31%morelikelytohaveputmoneyintosavingsinanygivenyearandhadaccumulated39%morewealthbyretirement.(他发现，使用没有将来时态语言的人更有可能从事面向未来的活动。在任何给定的一年中，他们将钱存入储蓄的可能性要高31%，并且到退休时积累的财富要多39%。)”可知，根据KeithChen的研究，为未来存钱这种行为在说“没有未来时态”语言的人中更典型。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Andwhilebeingmultilingualwon'tnecessarilymakeusagenius,weallcangainafreshperspectiveandamoreflexibleunderstandingoftheworldbylearninganewlanguage.(虽然掌握多种语言不一定会让我们成为天才，但通过学习一门新语言，我们都可以获得一个全新的视角和对世界更灵活的理解。)”可知，作者在最后一段的主要观点是学习一门新语言可以拓宽我们的视野和对世界的理解。故选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howwouldyoufeelifmovingtoanewtownmeantlosingtrackofyourfriends?Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?Thiswashowthingsworkednotverylongago.____16____.Thankstoadvancesintechnology,todaywecanmovearoundtheworldandstillstayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.AllweneedisaWi-Ficonnection.____17____.Forexample,strangerswhohavethesamehobbyofcollectingmodelcarsmaybebroughttogetherbytheInternet,eveniftheyliveondifferentpartsoftheworld.____18____.Ifpeoplealwaysexchangetruepersonalinformationonline,thesefriendshipscanberealandmeaningful.Butweneedtokeepinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlypositivemessagesorphotosthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.____19____.Rememberthesaying:ontheInternet,nobodyknowsyou’readog.Wecouldevenbesharingourinformationwithcriminals.However,thisdoesn’tmeanthatweshouldthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater.____20____,althoughtechnologyhaschangedthewayweacquirefriends.AsAristotlesaid,noonewouldchoosetolivewithoutfriends,evenifhehadallothergoods.A.ThemeaningoffriendshipremainsthesameB.SocialmediatoolshelpusmaintainfriendshipsC.Actually,smilingphotoscanhiderealproblemsD.It’sstilllikelytoaccesstrustworthyfriendshipsonlineE.However,becarefulaboutwhethertheyaretruefriendswhenonlineF.Nowadays,howweconnectwitheachotherhaschangedsignificantlyG.Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.C20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了科技如何改变人们的交友方式以及网络友谊的利弊，同时强调尽管科技改变了人们获得朋友的方式，但友谊的本质不变。【16题详析】上文“Howwouldyoufeelifmovingtoanewtownmeantlosingtrackofyourfriends?Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?Thiswashowthingsworkednotverylongago.(如果你搬到一个新的城镇意味着与你的朋友失去联系，你会有什么感觉？如果从远方的朋友那里得到消息的唯一方式是写那些需要很长时间才能送达的信呢？这就是不久前的情况)”说明过去与朋友保持联系的方式很不方便。空处承接上文，说明现在的情况。F项“如今，我们彼此联系的方式已经发生了显著的变化”符合语境，引出下文介绍现在的联系方式。故选F。【17题详析】上文“Thankstoadvancesintechnology,todaywecanmovearoundtheworldandstillstayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.AllweneedisaWi-Ficonnection.(多亏了科技的进步，如今我们可以周游世界，仍然与我们想保持朋友关系的人保持联系。我们所需要的只是一个Wi-Fi连接)”以及下文“Forexample,strangerswhohavethesamehobbyofcollectingmodelcarsmaybebroughttogetherbytheInternet,eveniftheyliveondifferentpartsoftheworld.(例如，有收集模型汽车相同爱好的陌生人可能会被互联网聚集在一起，即使他们生活在世界的不同地方)”说明科技进步使得人们保持联系很方便，并举例说明互联网能把有相同爱好的人聚集在一起。G项“数字时代也使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。【18题详析】下文“Ifpeoplealwaysexchangetruepersonalinformationonline,thesefriendshipscanberealandmeaningful.Butweneedtokeepinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.(如果人们总是在网上交换真实的个人信息，这些友谊可以是真实而有意义的。但我们需要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真相)”说明在网上交友时，人们看到的信息不一定是真实的，需要谨慎对待。E项中的however体现了与上文的转折关系，提醒人们在网上交友要谨慎判断朋友的真实性，引出下文关于网络交友需要注意的内容。所以E项“然而，在网上时要留意他们是否是真正的朋友”符合语境。故选E。【19题详析】上文“Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlypositivemessagesorphotosthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.(在社交媒体网站上，人们倾向于只发布积极的信息或照片，使他们看起来快乐和友好)”说明人们在社交媒体上发布的信息往往是积极的。空处承接上文，说明这些积极的信息背后可能存在的问题。C项“实际上，微笑的照片可以隐藏真正的问题”符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。故选C。【20题详析】上文“However,thisdoesn’tmeanthatweshouldthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater.(然而，这并不意味着我们应该不分好坏地全盘否定)”以及下文“althoughtechnologyhaschangedthewayweacquirefriends.AsAristotlesaid,noonewouldchoosetolivewithoutfriends,evenifhehadallothergoods.(尽管科技已经改变了我们获得朋友的方式。正如亚里士多德所说，没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，即使他拥有所有其他的东西)”说明虽然科技改变了交友方式，但友谊仍然很重要。A项“友谊的意义仍然是一样的”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AdaLovelacewasthedaughterofromanticpoetLordByron.Sheearnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstcomputer____21____—afullcenturybeforetoday’scomputers____22____.Andshebecameanidolforwomenin____23____today.Shecouldn’thavedoneitwithoutBritishmathematicianCharlesBabbage.Their____24____startedintheearly1830s.Babbagehaddrawnupplansforadetailedand____25____machinehecalledtheDifferenceEngine—____26____,agiantmechanicalcalculator,onethatwasfarfromsimpleandrequiredcomplexengineeringtobuild.Inthemiddleofhisworkonit,theteenageLovelacemetBabbageataparty.Itwasmathematical____27____atfirstsight.Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwould____28____untilLovelace’sdeath.Babbage____29____hisDifferenceEnginetobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine.Then,heshowedoffanincompleteprototypeofhismachine,butMissByronsawthatengine’strue____30____.TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethanacalculatorandthefactthattheuser____31____itscommandsthroughapunchcardmeanttheenginecould____32____nearlyanymathematicaltaskordered.Lovelaceevenwrote____33____forsolvingacomplicatedmathproblem.Manyhistorianswouldlater____34____thosethefirstcomputerprogram,andLovelacethefirstprogrammer.ThesecondTuesdayinOctoberhasbecomeAdaLovelaceDay,onwhichthe____35____ofwomentoscience,technology,engineering,andmathematicsarehonored.21.A.tutor B.programmer C.salesman D.accountant22.A.brokedown B.diedout C.cameout D.showedup23.A.technology B.economy C.literature D.politics24.A.settlement B.conflict C.argument D.cooperation25.A.costly B.unique C.useful D.complicated26.A.fortunately B.essentially C.eventually D.naturally27.A.love B.activity C.problem D.addiction28.A.form B.last C.matter D.count29.A.abandoned B.ruined C.challenged D.built30.A.context B.potential C.difference D.damage31.A.obeyed B.stopped C.needed D.sent32.A.perform B.understand C.quit D.study33.A.suggestions B.instructions C.translations D.experiences34.A.disagree B.refuse C.consider D.deny35.A.secret B.humor C.beauty D.contribution【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.D26.B27.A28.B29.A30.B31.D32.A33.B34.C35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述AdaLovelace在英国数学家Babbage协作下，成为首位计算机程序员，其贡献受后世尊崇。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为第一位计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地——比当今的计算机出现早了整整一个世纪。A.tutor导师；B.programmer程序员；C.salesman推销员；D.accountant会计。根据下文“Manyhistorianswouldlaterthosethefirstcomputerprogram,andLovelacethefirstprogrammer”可知，她被认为是第一位计算机程序员，programmer是原词复现。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她作为第一位计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地——比当今的计算机出现早了整整一个世纪。A.brokedown出故障，分解；B.diedout灭绝；C.cameout出现，出版；D.showedup出现，露面（通常指人出现）。根据上文“afullcenturybeforetoday’scomputers”以及语境可知，此处表示AdaLovelace成为第一位计算机程序员比当今的计算机出现早了一个世纪，cameout符合语境。故选C项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且她如今成为了科技领域女性的偶像。A.technology技术；B.economy经济；C.literature文学；D.politics政治。根据上文“Sheearnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstcomputer”提到她是第一位计算机程序员可知，计算机属于科技范畴，所以她成为了科技领域女性的偶像。故选A项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的合作始于19世纪30年代初。A.settlement解决，定居；B.conflict冲突；C.argument争论；D.cooperation合作。根据下文“ThetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwoulduntilLovelace’sdeath”可知，他们建立了工作关系，所以此处指他们的合作开始于19世纪30年代初。故选D项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴贝奇起草了一份详细而复杂的机器计划，他称之为差分机——本质上，这是一个巨大的机械计算器，一点也不简单，建造它需要复杂的工程技术。A.costly昂贵的；B.unique独特的；C.useful有用的；D.complicated复杂的。根据下文“onethatwasfarfromsimpleandrequiredcomplexengineeringtobuild”可知，这个机器远非简单，需要复杂的工程技术来建造，所以它是复杂的。故选D项。【26题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：巴贝奇起草了一份详细而复杂的机器计划，他称之为差分机——本质上，这是一个巨大的机械计算器，一点也不简单，建造它需要复杂的工程技术。A.fortunately幸运地；B.essentially本质上；C.eventually最终；D.naturally自然地。根据下文“agiantmechanicalcalculator”可知，这里是对差分机本质的描述，本质上它是一个巨大的机械计算器，essentially符合语境。故选B项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一见钟情的数学之爱。A.love爱；B.activity活动；C.problem问题；D.addiction上瘾。根据下文“ThetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwoulduntilLovelace’sdeath”可知，他们建立了工作关系并成为亲密的朋友，所以此处指他们对数学是一见钟情，mathematicallove表示“数学之爱”。故选A项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人建立了工作关系，最终结下了深厚的友谊，这种友谊一直持续到洛夫莱斯去世。A.form形成；B.last持续；C.matter重要；D.count计数，重要。根据下文“untilLovelace’sdeath”可知，这种友谊一直持续到洛夫莱斯去世，last符合语境。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：巴贝奇放弃了他的差分机，转而构思一种新的分析机。A.abandoned放弃；B.ruined毁坏；C.challenged挑战；D.built建造。根据下文“tobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine”以及语境可知，他构思新的分析机，所以是放弃了原来的差分机。故选A项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他展示了他的机器的一个不完整的原型，但拜伦小姐看到了这台机器的真正潜力。A.context上下文，语境；B.potential潜力；C.difference不同；D.damage损坏。根据下文“TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethanacalculatorandthefactthattheuseritscommandsthroughapunchcardmeanttheenginecouldnearlyanymathematicaltaskordered”可知，分析机不仅仅是一个计算器，它能完成几乎任何数学任务，所以拜伦小姐看到了它的真正潜力。故选B项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：分析机不仅仅是一个计算器，用户通过穿孔卡发送指令这一事实意味着这台机器可以执行几乎任何下达的数学任务。A.obeyed遵守；B.stopped停止；C.needed需