辽宁省大连市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1辽宁省大连市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATocelebratethe80thanniversaryoftheendofWorldWarII,wehighlyrecommendfourfilmsaboutwar.Schindler’sList(1993)ThefilmtellsthetruestoryofOskarSchindler,aGermanbusinessmanwhoriskedeverythingtosaveover1,200JewsfromthehorrorsofNazi.Shotincontrastingblackandwhite,itvividlycapturesthecrueltyandsufferingsofthewar,emphasizesthevalueofeveryhumanlifeandoffersaninsightfulreflectiononthepowerofgood.SavingPrivateRyan(1998)Setin1944Normandy,thefilmhitshomewiththebloodyopeningsceneofOmahaBeach.CaptainMillerledateamtorescuePrivateRyan,whosethreebrotherswereallkilledinthewar.Theshakycameramovementscreatearealisticsenseofchaos,urgencyandviolence.Overall,thefilmisaprofoundexplorationofthemeaningofwar,humannatureandthevalueoflife.ThePianist(2002)Basedonatruestory,thefilmportraysaPolish-Jewishpianist’ssurvivalfromthewar.Unlikeotherwarfilms,itfocusesonthepianist’sintenseanddesperatefightforexistenceinsteadofgrandheroism,showingtheweaknessoflifeandthestrengthofthehumanspiritinthefaceofunimaginablehorror.Itsrealisticportrayalofwarandthestrategicuseofsilenceandpausesmakeitatimelesscinematicexperience.Dunkirk(2017)ThefilmfocusesonthewithdrawalofAlliedsoldiersfromthebeachesofDunkirkinMayandJune1940.Thefilmcapturesthedesperationofthetrappedsoldiersandthebraveryofthecivilianandmilitarypersonnelwhocametotheirrescue.Thedirectorartfullytellsthreestoriesatthesametimeanduseswidesweepingshotstomaketheaudiencefeelasiftheywereatthescene.1.WhatisthecommonthemeofSchindler’sListandSavingPrivateRyan?A.Thevalueoflife. B.Theloveofcountry.C.Thepowerofgood. D.Theweaknessoflife.2.Whichfilmfocusesonanindividual’sdesperatestruggleforsurvivalinthewar?A.Schindler’sList. B.ThePianist.C.SavingPrivateRyan. D.Dunkirk.3.WhattechniqueisusedinDunkirk?A.Silenceandpauses. B.Widesweepingshots.C.Black-and-whitecinematography. D.Shakycameramovements.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四部关于战争的电影以庆祝二战结束80周年。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Schindler’sList(1993)部分中“emphasizesthevalueofeveryhumanlifeandoffersaninsightfulreflectiononthepowerofgood.(强调每个人生命的价值，并对善良的力量进行了深刻的反思)”及SavingPrivateRyan(1998)部分中“Overall,thefilmisaprofoundexplorationofthemeaningofwar,humannatureandthevalueoflife.(总的来说，这部电影深刻探讨了战争的意义、人性和生命的价值)”可知，《辛德勒的名单》和《拯救大兵瑞恩》的共同主题是生命的价值。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据ThePianist(2002)部分中“Basedonatruestory,thefilmportraysaPolish-Jewishpianist’ssurvivalfromthewar.Unlikeotherwarfilms,itfocusesonthepianist’sintenseanddesperatefightforexistenceinsteadofgrandheroism,showingtheweaknessoflifeandthestrengthofthehumanspiritinthefaceofunimaginablehorror.(这部电影根据真实故事改编，讲述了一位波兰犹太钢琴家在战争中幸存的故事。与其他战争电影不同，它关注的是钢琴家为生存而进行的激烈而绝望的斗争，而不是宏大的英雄主义，展现了生命在面对难以想象的恐怖时的脆弱和人类精神的强大)”可知，《钢琴家》这部电影关注的是一个人在战争中绝望求生的故事。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Dunkirk(2017)部分中“Thedirectorartfullytellsthreestoriesatthesametimeanduseswidesweepingshotstomaketheaudiencefeelasiftheywereatthescene.(导演巧妙地同时讲述了三个故事，并使用广角镜头让观众仿佛身临其境)”可知，广角镜头被用于《敦刻尔克》这部电影。故选B。BIwashangingoutwithmygrandmatheotherday,andshewaswrestlingwithanewvideo-callingapponherphone.Shelookedlikeshewastryingtosolveamystery(谜)straightoutofaSherlockHolmesnovel,butwhenshefinallygotittoworkandchattedwithheroldfriend,herfacelituplikeaChristmastree.Itmademewonder,though,whatallthistech-useisdoingtoourbrains,especiallyfortheolderfolks.Youknow,peoplekeeptalkingabout“digitaldementia(痴呆)”.Isn’tthatwild?Toomuchtimespentonsuchelectronicdevicescanmakeusbrain-dead.Butgetthis—somenewstudysaysthat’snotthecaseatall!Here’sthekicker:thestudyfoundthatolderfolkswhodiveheadfirstintousingcomputersandsmartphonesareactuallywaylesslikelytohavetheirbrainsgo“offline”,like,youknow,58%lesslikelytoexperiencementaldecline.Canyoubelieveit?It’slikefindingoutthesecrettostayingyoungforeverwererightthereinourpocketsallalong.So,is“digitaldementia”justaloadofnonsense?Itsureseemsthatway,Imean,thinkaboutit,everytimegrandmafiguresoutanetvapporgoesthroughasoftwareupdate,she’sgivingherbrainaworkout.Plus,stayingconnectedthroughdeviceskeepsherfromfeelinglikeshe’slivinginamoviewhereshe’stheonlypersonleftonEarth.Buthey,we’vegottabecarefulhere.Withallthe-tech-magicoutthere,it’seasytogetlostinthe“digitalrabbithole”.Andlet’snotforget,toomuchscreentimecanturnanyoneintoabad-temperedcat,especiallytheyoungerfolks.So,whileit’sawesomethat;techcanhelpolderfolksstaysharpandsocial,weshouldalsomakesureeveryoneusesitinabalancedway.Afterall,whowantstobeadeadheadwhenyoucanbeatechexpertinstead?4.Whydidgrandma’sfacelightuplikeaChristmastree?A.Shemanagedtoshootavideo.B.Shefiguredoutanewdevice.C.Sheunlockedtheuseofanewapp.D.Shesucceededinsolvingamystery.5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheinfluenceofnewtechonolderfolks?A.Itdistractsthemfromreallife. B.Itworsenstheirdigitaldementia.C.Itreplacestheirusualworkout. D.Itgivesthemabrainstretch.6.Whatdoesthe“digitalrabbithole”inparagraph3referto?A.Theactofoverusingdigitaldevices.B.Thehabitofbuyinglatestdevices.C.Thewaytousenewtechnology.D.Theplacetostoredigitaldata.7.Whatistheauthor’stonelikeinthetext?A.Relaxingandreflective. B.Criticalandpessimistic.C.Seriousandacademic. D.Angryandauthoritative.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨科技对老年人大脑的影响及使用建议。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Iwashangingoutwithmygrandmatheotherday,andshewaswrestlingwithanewvideo-callingapponherphone.ShelookedlikeshewastryingtosolveamysterystraightoutofaSherlockHolmesnovel,butwhenshefinallygotittoworkandchattedwithheroldfriend,herfacelituplikeaChristmastree.(前几天我和奶奶待在一起时，她正费劲地摆弄手机上一款新的视频通话应用程序。她看起来就像是在试图解开夏洛克·福尔摩斯小说中的一个谜团，但当她终于成功并和老朋友聊天时，她的脸像圣诞树一样亮了起来)”可知，祖母成功解锁了一个新应用程序的使用，所以她的脸像圣诞树一样亮了起来。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“everytimegrandmafiguresoutanetvapporgoesthroughasoftwareupdate,she’sgivingherbrainaworkout.(每次奶奶弄清楚一个网络视频应用程序或进行软件更新时，她都在锻炼她的大脑)”可知，作者认为新技术让老年人锻炼了大脑。故选D。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前“we’vegottabecarefulhere.(我们也得留心)”及划线词后“toomuchscreentimecanturnanyoneintoabad-temperedcat,especiallytheyoungerfolks.(过多的屏幕时间会让任何人变成脾气暴躁的猫，尤其是年轻人)”可知，因为有了科技魔法，人们很容易迷失在过度的使用数码设备当中，故划线词digitalrabbithole指的是过度使用数码设备的行为。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。文章以奶奶使用新应用的日常场景引入，全文语言轻松（如“facelituplikeaChristmastree”，“bad-temperedcat”，“deadhead”等），同时探讨科技使用的利弊并给出建议，体现出反思性，故作者的语气是轻松且具有反思性的。故选A。CCanyouimagineahousemadefrommushrooms?Whatbenefitscouldsuchamaterialoffercomparedtotraditionalbuildingmaterials?Inthedevelopmentofsustainableconstruction,Czechresearchersandarchitectshaveshowcasedabuildingmadeprimarilyfrommycelia(菌丝).TheinnovativehousenamedSamorostis3.5-meter-talland7-meter-long,using1,800kilogramsofmycelia.Samorostisdesignedtoserveasbothafunctionalstructureandastrikingexampleofhowmyceliacanbeusedtoreplacetraditional,fossil-fuel-basedmaterialslikepolystyrene(聚苯乙烯)forenvironmentalbenefits.ThemyceliausedintheconstructionofSamorostaremadefromtherootsystemofaspeciesofmushroom,knownforitsdurability(耐用性)andstrength.Mycelia,whencombinedwithnatural,renewablematerialssuchaswood,becomealightweightyetdurablebuildingmaterial.Besides,unlikepolystyrene,myceliaarebiodegradableandproducesignificantlylowerCO₂emissionsduring,production.Additionally,myceliahavenumerouspotentialapplicationsinconstruction,suchasbeingusedasstructuralcomponentslikewalls.Asthematerialisbothfire-resistantandhighlycustomizable,myceliacanbeusedforfurnitureorsupportingwalls.However,expertscautionthatwhilemyceliashowpromise,theirwidespreaduseinconstructionmaytaketime.AccordingtoKaterinaSysova,anarchitectattheCzechTechnicalUniversity,myceliaarenotyetsuitedforeveryapplication,suchasexternalbuildingmaterialsinmulti-storybuildings,wherewetatmospherecouldcompromisetheirperformance.Still,withgrowingsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion’ssustainabilityinitiativesandincreasingdemandforenvironmentallyfriendlysolutions,mycelia-basedconstructioncouldbecomethemainstreaminthecomingyears.8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Topromoteinnovativebuildings.B.Tointroduceanalternativematerial.C.Tocomparemyceliawithpolystyrene.D.Toexplainthestructureofmycelia.9.Whatisafactaboutmyceliaasabuildingmaterial?A.It’scarbon-intensive. B.It’swater-resistant.C.It’swidely-used. D.It’seco-friendly.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compromise”mostlikelymeaninparagraph4?A.Strengthen. B.Weaken.C.Maintain. D.Facilitate.11.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprospectofmycelia-basedconstruction?A.It’squestionable. B.It’sunpredictable.C.It’simpractical. D.It’spromising.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了菌丝作为一种可持续建筑材料的潜力，包括其特性、优势以及当前面临的挑战和未来前景。【8题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Canyouimagineahousemadefrommushrooms?Whatbenefitscouldsuchamaterialoffercomparedtotraditionalbuildingmaterials?(你能想象一座用蘑菇建造的房子吗？与传统建筑材料相比，这种材料能带来哪些好处呢？)并结合全文内容，文章开篇提出“蘑菇建造的房子”这一概念，接着介绍了捷克研究人员和建筑师利用菌丝建造的创新房屋Samorost，并详细说明了菌丝作为建筑材料的特性、环保优势以及应用潜力，文章的核心是向读者介绍菌丝这一传统建筑材料的替代品。故选B项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides,unlikepolystyrene,myceliaarebiodegradableandproducesignificantlylowerCO₂emissionsduring,production.(此外，与聚苯乙烯不同，菌丝体可生物降解，在生产过程中产生的二氧化碳排放量显著降低)”可知，菌丝体作为建筑材料具有环保的特点。故选D项。【10题详析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“AccordingtoKaterinaSysova,anarchitectattheCzechTechnicalUniversity,myceliaarenotyetsuitedforeveryapplication,suchasexternalbuildingmaterialsinmulti-storybuildings,wherewetatmospherecouldcompromisetheirperformance.(捷克技术大学的建筑师卡特琳娜・西索娃表示，菌丝体目前并非适用于所有场景，例如在多层建筑的外部建材方面，潮湿的环境可能会compromise其性能)”结合语境，潮湿环境对菌丝体的性能应该是不利的影响，所以“compromise”与“Weaken”意思相近，意为“削弱”。故选B项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still,withgrowingsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion’ssustainabilityinitiativesandincreasingdemandforenvironmentallyfriendlysolutions,mycelia-basedconstructioncouldbecomethemainstreaminthecomingyears.(尽管如此，随着欧盟可持续发展倡议的支持力度不断加大，以及对环保解决方案的需求日益增长，菌丝体建筑可能在未来几年成为主流)”可知，菌丝体建筑的前景是有希望的。故选D项。DIntheirrecentbook,TheAICon,linguistEmilyM.BenderandsocialscientistAlexHannacriticallyanalyzethewidespreadexaggeration(夸大)aboutartificialintelligence(AI).TheyarguethattheexaggeratedclaimsofAI’stransformativepowercoverthereal,ongoingharmsitisalreadycausing.BenderandHannaarguethatcompaniesareusingAItoreducecostsbyundermininghumanjobs.Contrarytopopularbelief,“AIisnotgoingtoreplaceyourjob,”theymaintain,butitwilllikelytransformyourjobintoonethatisundervaluedandlesspaid.Here,theyrefertorecentlaboractions,suchasthe2023strikesbyHollywoodwritersandactors,ascasesillustratingworkers’resistancetoAI-generatedcontent.Infieldssuchaseducation,theuseofautomateddecision-makingsystemsoftenreflectstheoverconfidenceinAI’scapacity.TheadoptionofAI,theauthorsmaintain,overlooksfundamentalhumaninteractions,falselyassumingthat“seekingtherightanswersisallthatisneededforeducation.”ThebookalsoevaluatesexaggeratedclaimsaboutAI’simpactoncreativeandscientificfields,particularlyregardingitsdestructiveeffectsonart,journalism,andscientificpractice.TheauthorsarguethatAI-generatedartisticcreativityis,mostofthetime,basedonstatisticalprobabilitiesratherthanrealunderstanding.BenderandHannaconcludetheirbookbyarguingthattheexaggerationaboutAIprimarilybenefitsmajorcompanies,investors,andgovernmentsthatusetechnologyandbycallingforacriticalexaminationofAIsystems:“Whatisbeingautomated?”and“Whobenefits...andwhoisharmed?”Whilethebookoffersaninterestingviewpoint,itprovidesonlyapartialviewofthecurrentAIlandscape.Largelanguagemodels(LLMs)haveshownpromisingcapabilitiesinfieldssuchasbiomedicineandecology.ThispotentialapplicationisparticularlynoticeableconsideringthenewpathopenedbyagenticAI,anareathebookdoesnotcover.12.WhatisthemainideaofthebookTheAICon?A.AI’simpactistransformative. B.AIcauseswidespreadconcern.C.AI’sharmisunderestimated. D.AIpreventspotentialproblems.13.Whatisthecaseofthe2023strikesintendedtoprove?A.AIcanreplacehumanjobs. B.AIcannotgeneratequalitycontent.C.AIdevalueshumanwork. D.AIreducesthecostofproduction.14.WhichchangemaybebroughtbyAIaccordingtoBenderandHanna?A.Morehigher-payingjobs. B.Increasedinteractionsinclass.C.Explosivecreativityinart. D.Morebenefitstocapitalowners.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.ThebookskipssomeAIuses. B.AgenticAIisovervalued.C.LLMsarerelativelyshort-lived. D.AIhaslimitedapplication.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了《人工智能悖论》批判对AI的夸大，称其掩盖危害，如贬低工作、影响教育等，还指出夸大主要利于大公司等，但该书对AI领域的呈现不全面。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Intheirrecentbook,TheAICon,linguistEmilyM.BenderandsocialscientistAlexHannacriticallyanalyzethewidespreadexaggeration(夸大)aboutartificialintelligence(AI).TheyarguethattheexaggeratedclaimsofAI’stransformativepowercoverthereal,ongoingharmsitisalreadycausing.(在他们近期出版的《人工智能悖论》一书中，语言学家艾米莉·M·本德和社会科学家亚历克斯·汉纳对有关人工智能的普遍夸大言论进行了批判性分析。他们认为，那些关于人工智能变革力量的夸大说法掩盖了它已经造成的实际且持续的危害)”可知，《人工智能悖论》这本书的主要观点是人工智能的危害被低估了。故选C。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“BenderandHannaarguethatcompaniesareusingAItoreducecostsbyundermininghumanjobs.Contrarytopopularbelief,“AIisnotgoingtoreplaceyourjob,”theymaintain,butitwilllikelytransformyourjobintoonethatisundervaluedandlesspaid.Here,theyrefertorecentlaboractions,suchasthe2023strikesbyHollywoodwritersandactors,ascasesillustratingworkers’resistancetoAI-generatedcontent.(本德和汉娜认为，企业正利用人工智能来降低成本，从而取代人类工作岗位。与普遍看法相反，他们坚称“人工智能不会取代你的工作”，但它很可能会将你的工作转变为一种价值低估且薪酬更低的工作。在此，他们将近期的劳工行动，比如2023年好莱坞编剧和演员的罢工，视为工人抵制人工智能生成内容的实例)”可知，2023年的这些罢工旨在证明人工智能降低了人类工作的价值。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“BenderandHannaconcludetheirbookbyarguingthattheexaggerationaboutAIprimarilybenefitsmajorcompanies,investors,andgovernmentsthatusetechnologyandbycallingforacriticalexaminationofAIsystems:“Whatisbeingautomated?”and“Whobenefits...andwhoisharmed?”(本德和汉娜在他们的著作结尾处指出，有关人工智能的夸大宣传主要有利于那些利用技术的大型企业、投资者和政府，并呼吁对人工智能系统进行批判性审视：“正在被自动化的是什么？”以及“谁从中受益……谁又因此受损？”)”可知，根据本德和汉纳的观点，人工智能可能会为资本所有者带来更多好处。故选D。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whilethebookoffersaninterestingviewpoint,itprovidesonlyapartialviewofthecurrentAIlandscape.Largelanguagemodels(LLMs)haveshownpromisingcapabilitiesinfieldssuchasbiomedicineandecology.ThispotentialapplicationisparticularlynoticeableconsideringthenewpathopenedbyagenticAI,anareathebookdoesnotcover.(虽然这本书提出了一个有趣的观点，但它仅对当前的人工智能领域提供了一个片面的了解。大型语言模型（LLMs）在生物医学和生态学等领域展现出了令人鼓舞的能力。考虑到代理式人工智能开辟的新路径（而这本书并未涵盖这一领域），这种潜在的应用尤为引人注目)”可知，这本书遗漏了一些人工智能的应用。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inthelate1720s,ayoungprintersatdownatatableandopenedupasmallnotebook.BenjaminFranklinbegantoplanwhathecalledabrave“projectofarrivingatmoralperfection”.Franklinwrotedowntwelvevirtues,includingsilence,order,industry,sincerity,andcleanliness,whichhewouldtrytofollow.Whenhesharedhislistwithhisfriends,____16____.Asaresult,headdedhumility(谦逊)tothelist.____17____.Inthisway,hecould“bemasterofthatvirtue”beforemovingontothepracticeofanothervirtue.Ifheweretospendaweekoneachvirtueandthengodownthelistbeforestartingoveragain,____18____.Hebelievedthiswouldbeausefulapproach,explainingthatitwasliketidyingweeds—ifyouattempttoremovealltheweedsatonce,itwillgobeyondyourstrength.Franklinwassupportedbyhisfriendsandhiswife.Heworkedhardtolaunchhisprojectandkepttrackofhisfailuresinhisnotebook.Hewasdisappointedatfindinghimselffulloffaults.____19____.Franklinlateradmittedthatovertimeheonlywentthroughthelistonceperyear.Thoughheneverarrivedattheperfectionhehadplanned,hefoundhisplanveryworthwhile.TheattemptwasagreatsuccessasitmadehimoneofthemosthighlyrespectedandsuccessfulstatesmenoftheFoundingera.____20____.Andthesevirtuesenabledhimtobetterservehiscountry.A.Franklinwaswell-likedforhisvirtuesB.FranklincouldbynomeanscorrectanyofthemC.FranklinplannedtofocusononevirtueatatimeD.FranklincouldcyclethroughthelistfourtimesayearE.Franklin’sfriendsadmiredhiscourageandstrongwillF.FranklinwasupsettolearnthattheythoughthimproudG.Thisfeelingsoongavewaytothesatisfactionofseeingthemreduced,though【答案】16.F17.C18.D19.G20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了本杰明・富兰克林为追求道德完美而制定了十二项美德计划，并努力践行的故事，尽管他从未达到计划中的完美，但这一尝试让他受益匪浅。【16题详析】上文“Whenhesharedhislistwithhisfriends,(当他把自己的清单分享给朋友们时)”说明富兰克林把美德清单分享给朋友，空处应承接上文，说明朋友的反应，F项中的“theythoughthimproud”与下文中的“Asaresult,headdedhumility(谦逊)tothelist.(结果，他把“谦逊”加入了清单)”相呼应，F项“富兰克林沮丧地发现他们认为他骄傲”，因为朋友认为他骄傲，所以他增加了“谦逊”来改正这一点，符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】下文“Inthisway,hecould“bemasterofthatvirtue”beforemovingontothepracticeofanothervirtue.(通过这种方式，他可以在开始实践另一种美德之前“掌握这种美德”)”说明富兰克林实践美德的方式是逐一进行的，C项“富兰克林计划一次专注于一项美德”正是这种方式的体现，适合作本段的主旨句，引出下文对具体做法的说明。故选C。【18题详析】上文“Ifheweretospendaweekoneachvirtueandthengodownthelistbeforestartingoveragain(如果他每周专注于一种美德，然后在重新开始之前按清单依次进行)”说明如果他每周专注于一项美德，循环进行，那么一年可以循环几次，D项“富兰克林一年可以循环清单四次”符合语境，结合常识，一年约52周，52周除以12项美德，大约可以循环4次。故选D。【19题详析】上文“Hewasdisappointedatfindinghimselffulloffaults.(他发现自己满身缺点，感到很失望)”说明尽管他对自己有很多缺点感到失望，但后来看到缺点减少，他感到满意，空处应承接上文，描述他情绪的转变，G项“这种情绪很快被看到缺点减少的满足感所取代”符合语境。故选G。【20题详析】下文“Andthesevirtuesenabledhimtobetterservehiscountry.(这些美德使他能够更好地为国家服务)”说明美德给富兰克林带来的积极影响，空处应与下文形成递进关系，进一步说明美德的作用，A项“富兰克林因其美德而广受喜爱”既体现了美德带来的正面评价，又与下文更好地为国家服务相呼应，符合语境。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Earlierthisyear,Ihadachancetogointospaceasanastronaut.Ihadundergonecontinuousprofessionaltrainingforthis____21____.Finally,thedayarrived.NowIwasreallyontopoftheworld.Withallthedeafeningnoiseand____22____shake,weliftedoff.Aswe____23____,Iwasawarethattheforceofgravitywaspullingatme.Therewasaninstrumenttoshowushowmanyg’swewere____24____.Attwog’s,Itriedtoraisemyarm,butIcould____25____makeit.Atthreeg’s,Ifeltmyfacebeing____26____intomyseat.Feeling____27____,Ithought,“WillIpassout?”Suddenly,nog’s.____28____!Wewerefloating(漂浮)!Staringintospace,Ifoundeverythingbeyondmy____29____.Isawacold,black____30____.ItwasunlikeanyblacknesswecanseeorfeelonEarth.Myinitial____31____disappeared,andIfeltreallydown.IturnedmyheadtowardthelightofMotherEarth—thewhiteofthecloudsandtheblueofthesky.Theunexpected____32____betweenthecoldnessofspaceandthewarmnurturingofEarthbelowfilledmewithgreat____33____.Iwassadthatweweredoingmanythingsthat____34____greatthreattooursurvivalonEarth.Iknowit’stimeweshould____35____ourselvestoourplanet,toeachother,tolifeandloveallaroundus.21.A.initiative B.mission C.campaign D.activity22.A.mild B.slight C.violent D.permanent23.A.rose B.landed C.bounced D.launched24.A.sparing B.avoiding C.destroying D.experiencing25.A.merely B.barely C.instantly D.frequently26.A.pusheddown B.brokendown C.draggedaway D.putaway27.A.excited B.dizzy C.enthusiastic D.refreshed28.A.Timelessness B.Endlessness C.Weightlessness D.Speechlessness29.A.authority B.influence C.anticipation D.means30.A.softness B.emptiness C.thinness D.richness31.A.nervousness B.concern C.terror D.excitement32.A.contrast B.distance C.bond D.similarity33.A.hesitation B.joy C.doubt D.sorrow34.A.guaranteed B.secured C.posed D.celebrated35.A.abandon B.adapt C.restrict D.commit【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.B28.C29.C30.B31.D32.A33.D34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为宇航员进入太空的经历和感受。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了这次任务，我接受了持续的专业训练。A.initiative倡议；B.mission任务；C.campaign运动；D.activity活动。根据前文“Ihadachancetogointospaceasanastronaut.”可知，作者有机会作为宇航员进入太空，这是一项任务。故选B。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伴随着震耳欲聋的噪音和剧烈的震动，我们起飞了。A.mild温和的；B.slight轻微的；C.violent剧烈的；D.permanent永久的。根据前文“deafeningnoise”可知，震动应是剧烈的。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们上升时，我意识到重力在拉着我。A.rose上升；B.landed着陆；C.bounced弹跳；D.launched发射。根据前文“weliftedoff”可知，此处指火箭上升。故选A。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个仪器显示我们正在经历多少个重力加速度。A.sparing抽出；B.avoiding避免；C.destroying破坏；D.experiencing经历。根据后文“Attwog’s”，“Atthreeg’s”及“Suddenly,nog’s”可知，仪器显示的是宇航员正在经历的重力情况。故选D。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在2倍重力加速度下，我试图抬起手臂，但几乎抬不起来。A.merely仅仅；B.barely几乎不；C.instantly立即；D.frequently频繁地。根据前文“Attwog’s,Itriedtoraisemyarm”及常识可知，重力大的情况下手臂难以抬起。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在3倍重力加速度下，我感觉自己的脸被压进了座椅里。A.pusheddown按下；B.brokendown分解；C.draggedaway拖走；D.putaway收起来。根据前文“Atthreeg’s,”可知，重力会将身体向下压。故选A。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感到头晕目眩，我想：“我会昏过去吗？”A.excited兴奋的；B.dizzy头晕的；C.enthusiastic热情的；D.refreshed精神焕发的。根据后文“WillIpassout?”可知，作者感到头晕目眩，担心自己会昏过去。故选B。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：失重！我们在漂浮！A.Timelessness永恒；B.Endlessness无尽；C.Weightlessness失重；D.Speechlessness无言。根据后文“Wewerefloating!”可知，漂浮是失重的表现。故选C。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：凝视着太空，我发现一切都超出了我的预期。A.authority权威；B.influence影响；C.anticipation预期；D.means方法。根据后文“Isawacold,black______.ItwasunlikeanyblacknesswecanseeorfeelonEarth.Myinitial______disappeared,andIfeltreallydown.”可知，太空景象与预想不同，超出预期。故选C。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到一片寒冷、漆黑的虚无。A.softness柔软；B.emptiness空虚，虚无；C.thinness薄；D.richness丰富。根据前文“Isawacold,black”及常识可知，太空的漆黑给人虚无的感觉。故选B。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最初的兴奋消失了，我感到非常沮丧。A.nervousness紧张；B.concern关心；C.terror恐怖；D.excitement兴奋。根据前文“NowIwasreallyontopoftheworld.”可知，作者刚进入太空时的兴奋消失了。故选D。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空的寒冷与下方地球温暖的滋养之间出乎意料的对比，让我充满了悲伤。A.contrast对比；B.distance距离；C.bond结合；D.similarity相似性。根据后文“thecoldnessofspaceandthewarmnurturingofEarthbelow”可知，太空的寒冷与下方地球的温暖形成了鲜明对比。故选A。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.hesitation犹豫；B.joy喜悦；C.doubt怀疑；D.sorrow悲伤。根据后文“Iwassadthat”可知，这种对比让作者充满了悲伤。故选D。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很难过，我们正在做的许多事情对我们的生存构成了巨大的威胁。A.guaranteed保证；B.secured确保；C.posed造成；D.celebrated庆祝。根据后文“greatthreattooursurvivalonEarth.”可知，作者认为人类做的事情对我们的生存构成了威胁，poseathreatto“对……构成威胁”。故选C。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道是时候我们应该致力于我们的星球、彼此、生命以及我们周围的爱了。A.abandon抛弃；B.adapt适应；C.restrict限制；D.commit承诺，致力于。根据前文“weweredoingmanythingsthat______greatthreattooursurvivalonEarth.”及后文“ourselvestoourplanet,toeachother,tolifeandloveallaroundus.”可知，作者认为现在是时候呼吁人类致力于地球保护，commitoneselfto“致力于”。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Germansinologist(汉学家)MartinWoesler,____36____alifelongenthusiastofChinesecultureandliterature,haslived,workedandstudiedinChinaforover30years.RecentlyhemadehisfirstvisittoDunhuang,acityontheoldSilkRoadinnorthwest____37____(China)GansuProvince.Despitehislengthystayinthecountry,Dunhuangendedup____38____(provide)himwithaculturalexperienceunlikeanyother.BeforegoingtoDunhuang,Woeslerhaddonehishomework.Frombooks,hegatheredvividimpressionsofDunhuang—acityencircledbydesert,atreasureofartandheritage,____39____aculturalcrossroadsshapedbycenturiesofSilkRoadexchanges.However,whenthewordsandimagescontainedinthebooks____40____(confirm)byhisowneyes,Woeslerwastotallyimpressedby____41____unexpectedsenseofculturalconnection—onethatbridgedbothtimeandgeography.InCave285,often____42____(refer)toasa“gatheringofdiversecultures”,themurals(壁画)featureanextraordinarycollectionof____43____(figure)—ApolloandDianafromGreektales,FuxiandNuwafromChineseancientstories,flyingApsarasfromIndianBuddhismandfeatheredimmortalsfromTaoism.“____44____(incredible),suchmagnificent,diverseandmillennia-oldcivilizationscoexistharmoniouslywithinasinglecave,”notedWoesler.“Dunhuangistrulyanamazingplace.Fewplaceshavesuchdeepculturalinfluenceintheworld,”saidWoesler,_____45_____believesthateventoday,acrossthousandsofyears,peoplefromdifferentcountriescanstilldrawwisdomandstrengthfrom.Dunhuang’sspiritofinclusivenessandmutuallearning.【答案】36.as37.China’s38.providing39.and40.wereconfirmed41.an42.referred43.figures44.Incredibly45.who【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国汉学家马丁·沃斯勒在中国生活30余年，首访敦煌，被其多元文化和谐共存打动，认为敦煌精神仍具现实意义。【36题详析】考查副词。句意：德国汉学家马丁·沃泽勒，作为一位对中国文化与文学有着深厚热爱的人士，他在中国生活、工作和学习了超过30年。表示“作为”且空后为名词短语 alifelongenthusiast，应用介词as。故填as。【37题详析】考查名词所有格。句意：最近，他首次造访了敦煌——这座位于中国西北部甘肃省、地处古代丝绸之路沿线的城市。此处China与GansuProvince为所属关系，用名词所有格形式。故填China’s。【38题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管他在敦煌待了很长时间，但这段经历最终却为他带来了独一无二的文化体验。短语endupdoingsth.表示“最终做某事”。故填providing。【39题详析】考查连词。句意：通过阅读书籍，他深刻地领略到了敦煌的风貌——这座被沙漠环绕的城市，是艺术与文化遗产的宝库，也是因数百年丝绸之路交流而形成的文化交汇之地。acityencircledbydesert,atreasureofartandheritage,

和aculturalcrossroads是并列关系，故用连词and。故填and。【40题详析】考查时态语态。句意：然而，当那些书中所包含的文字和图像被他亲眼所见时，沃泽尔却完全被一种意想不到的、跨越时空与地域的文化联系所深深打动。主语thewordsandimages与谓语构成被动关系，发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填wereconfirmed。【41题详析】考查冠词。句意：然而，当那些书中所包含的文字和图像被他亲眼所见时，沃泽尔却完全被一种意想不到的、跨越时空与地域的文化联系所深深打动。sense是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种意想不到的文化连接感”，且unexpected是以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an。故填an。【42题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第285窟常被称为“多元文化的聚集地”，窟内壁画刻画了一系列非凡的人物形象——有希腊传说中的阿波罗与狄安娜，有中国古代神话中的伏羲与女娲，有印度佛教中的飞天，还有道教中的羽仙。此处Cave285与refer构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填referred。【43题详析】考查名词的数。句意：第285窟常被称为“多元文化的聚集地”，窟内壁画刻画了一系列非凡的人物形象——有希腊传说中的阿波罗与狄安娜，有中国古代神话中的伏羲与女娲，有印度佛教中的飞天，还有道教中的羽仙。figure在此处意为“人物”，是可数名词，根据前面的anextraordinarycollectionof可知，应用复数形式故填figures。【44题详析】考查副词。句意：沃泽勒指出：“令人难以置信的是，如此宏伟、多样且拥有数千年历史的文明竟能在同一个洞穴中和谐共存。”修饰后文句子用副词incredibly，首字母大写。故填I