高一英语阅读理解(教育文化)专项训练及答案及解析

高一英语阅读理解(教育文化)专项训练及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

NewJerseyMiddleSchoolMakesStudentsGoPhone-Free

AmiddleschoolinUnionCounty,NewJersey,isforcingitsstudentstostaydisconnectedinclass,byprohibitingcellphones.MaxsonMiddleSchoolPrincipalKevinStansburyputforwardthephonebanlastweekafterhenoticedsomemajorissuesintheschool."Ourtestscoresweredown,disciplinewasup,"hesays.Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.So,hepurchasedYondrpouchesfortheschool.

Yondrpouch

Whenstudentscomeintoclasseachmorning,theyplacetheirphonesinthepouch,whichisthenlockeduptight.Itcanonlybeopenedusingaspecialdeviceattheendoftheday.Thebanonmobiledevicesappliesnotjustduringclasstimebutduringbreaks,withtheonlyexceptionsbeingintimesofemergencyorincasesofstudentswhoneedsuchdevicestohelpwithdisabilities.

Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours."It'sjustbetterforeveryonebecauseyou'llunderstandhowitfeelstogetmoreworkdoneinsteadofpayingattentiontothephone,"saysstudentCharleneV."I'musuallylisteningtomusic,buttodayIgottocommunicatewithallmyfriends,"saysstudentDesireeDuncan.

Theprogramwasoriginallymetwithresistancefromstudentsandparents,sotheprocesswasnotthatsmooth.Butteachersandadministratorssaythattheprogramwillhaveamajorimpact."Studentsweretalkingandlaughingandtherewerenocellphonesotherthanbeingcarriedinthepouches,"Stansburysays.

TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.Shesaysstudentsusedtogiveupquicklyandjustlookforanswersontheirphones.Shesaystheynowtrytofigureitoutthemselves."Everyoneissocializingandeatinglunchtogether.That'swhatIwasn'tseeingenoughofwhenphoneusagewasatitsworst,"sheadds.

MaxsonMiddleSchooliscurrentlytheonlyoneinthedistricttousethesepouches.KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.（1）MaxsonMiddleSchoolputforwardthephonebanbecausestudents_____.A.weren'tfocusedonschoolworkB.werealwayslisteningtomusicC.usedphonestocheatonexamsD.stoppedtalkingwithothers（2）Whatdidthetwoeighth-graderstellthenewspaper?A.Oppositionfromstudents.B.Teamworkwithfriends.C.Dailyroutineatschool.D.Effectoftheprogram.（3）AccordingtoNiaCummings,whatchangehasthephonebanbrought?A.Studentsdiscussmoreinclass.B.Studentsfinishtheirworkontime.C.Studentsguesstheanswersthemselves.D.Studentscheckmessagesduringthebreak.（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthephoneban_____.A.hasbroughtlittlechangetoteachingandlearningB.hasgainedsupportfromeverystudentandparentC.mightbecarriedoutinotherschoolsinthecommunityD.mighthavegoodinfluenceonstudents'healthconditions【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新泽西高中实行“手机禁止”措施，以保证学生们正常的课业学习效率。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中“Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.”可知学生们太过于关注手机了以至于上课时无法专注，因此Maxson中学推行手机禁止计划是因为学生们无法专注学业。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours.”可知两位八年级的同学告诉报社说，实施一段时间后他们注意到发生了改变，意在表明两位同学对报社表达了这个项目所带来的影响。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中“TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.”可知，NiaCummings老师甚至留意到了学生们在课堂上互相探讨想法，因此根据NiaCummings说的，禁止手使用机带来的好处是同学们在课堂上讨论的更多了。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.”可知，KevinStansbury号召本社区内的其他学校，手机使用的问题是值得关注的，有必要的时候可以采取措施。意在表明在社区内的其他学校也可能实施手机禁止的办法。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Iusedtobelievethatlovemeantputtingeveryoneelseandtheirneedsfirst,beforemyown.WhileIdothinkthereissometruthtothat,inthesensethatbeingagivingpersonisoneoftheultimateactsofbeingalovingperson,IcametorealizethatImustgivetoandlovemyselffirstandforemost.

Here'swhy.Whenyouputeveryoneandeverythingelseaboveyou,youarenolongervaluingyourselfandyourneeds.Andwhenyouarenotmeetingyourneeds,andyoudon'ttakecareofyourself(emotionally,physically,mentally,spiritually),youcan'tbethebestversionofyourselftothespecialpeopleinyourlife.Soinfact,youdon'tlovethematyourfullpotential!

Herearesomethingstoconsider.Areyouphysicallytakingcareofyourself?Doyounourishyourselfwiththerightfoods?Doyougetenoughsleepandexercise?Areyouatahealthyweight,andontopofyourcheck-ups?Ifnot,Ibetyourenergyislow,you'retiredandstressed,andyourconfidenceisn'tthehighest(becauseyouprobablydon'tfeelyourbest）.Nowthinkabouthowmuchmoreyoucouldgivetootherswhenyouaren'texhausted,you'rehappywithwhatyouseeinthemirror,andyouaren'tonedgewithstress.

Areyouemotionallyandmentallyhealthy?Ashumans,we'resocomplexandhavingupsanddownsisnormal.Butingeneral,assesswhereyoustandemotionally.Ifit'sinahealthyplaceandyoucanmanageyouremotionsinahealthyway-great!Butifyouself-soothe(自我安慰)indestructivewaysandhaveanegativeattitudeandenergyaboutyou,realizethatit'snotjustaffectingyou,butotherstoo.Whenyouaren'tanemotionallyandmentallyhealthyperson,thatenergypoursintoeverythingyoudo,andeveryoneyou'rearoundwillfeeltheeffects,too.

How'syourspirituality?Inthissense,spiritualityisabouthavinganultimatepurposeandbeingintunewithyourtrueself.Doyouwakeupeverydayexcitedforwhatyourlifeisabout,andhavegratitudeforalltheabundanceyoualreadyhave?Ifnot,youmaynotbelisteningandlivingtowhatyourhearttrulydesires.Livingthiswaylongterm,mayaffecttheessence(本质)ofyourinnerbeingand,inturn,maynotallowyoutoshowupyourverybestfortheworld.

Bekindtoyourself.Itcanbedifficulttoputyourhealthandwell-beingfirstwhenlifeisdemandingbetweenyourcareer,family,friendships,relationships,andsoon.Ifyoucanthinkofanywaystoimproveyourwell-beingandloveyourselfmore,starttoday!Takeababysteptowardsthis.Perhapstrygettinganhourmoreofsleep.Moveyourbodyinawaythatfeelsgood.Taketimeforyourselftobewithyourthoughtsandwithoutdistractionsandfeelthatpeace.（1）Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.PutOthersAboveYourselfB.KeepingPhysicallyHealthyC.MeetingYourOwnDemandsD.TakingGoodCareofYourself（2）Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeconcludedthat

.A.onlyifyouareatyourbestcanyouloveyourlovedonesbestB.ifontopofyourhealthindex,you'retiredandstressedC.beingkindtoyourselfmeansbeingcrueltoothersD.physicalhealthismoreimportantthanmentalhealth（3）Keepingspirituallyhealthymeans

.A.dissatisfactionwithwhatyouhaveB.wakingupintimeeverydayC.showingupyourbestfortheworldD.agreeingwithyourtrueself（4）Whichofthefollowingshowstherightstructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为在爱别人之前，必须首先给予和爱自己。说明了这么做的原因，以及从身体、情绪心理和精神性三个方面来论述应当如何善待自我。（1）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Bekindtoyourself.Itcanbedifficulttoputyourhealthandwell-beingfirstwhenlifeisdemandingbetweenyourcareer,family,friendships,relationships,andsoon.Ifyoucanthinkofanywaystoimproveyourwell-beingandloveyourselfmore,starttoday!”善待自己。当生活要求你在事业、家庭、友谊、人际关系等之间做出选择时，你很难把健康和幸福放在首位。如果你能想到任何方法来改善你的幸福和更爱自己，从今天开始!以及文章主要内容说明了人们应该在爱别人之前，要先爱自己的观点，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Andwhenyouarenotmeetingyourneeds,andyoudon'ttakecareofyourself（emotionally,physically,mentally,spiritually）,youcan'tbethebestversionofyourselftothespecialpeopleinyourlife.Soinfact,youdon'tlovethematyourfullpotential!”当你不能满足自己的需求，不能照顾好自己(情感上、身体上、精神上、精神上，你就无法在你生命中特别的人面前成为最好的自己。所以事实上，你并没有充分发挥你的潜力去爱他们!可知只有你处于最佳状态，你才能最爱你所爱的人。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Inthissense,spiritualityisabouthavinganultimatepurposeandbeingintunewithyourtrueself.”从这个意义上说，精神性就是拥有一个终极目标，并与真实的自我保持一致。）可知保持精神健康意味着认同真实的自己。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。分析文章内容可知，第一段属于总起段落，主要引出文章“善待自我”的观点；接着第二段主要论述第一段提出观点的原因；接着第三段指出要在身体上在照顾自己，第四段指出重视自己的情绪和精神健康，第五段说明如何保持自我精神性的健康；最后一段再次说明善待自己重要性。其中第三四五段同属于分论点，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Formanyparents,raisingateenagerislikefightingalongwar,butyearsgobywithoutanyclearwinner.Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,theparent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontrolandwhatyoudo?

Bothsideswantpeace,butneitherfeelsithasanypowertostoptheconflict.Inpart,thisisbecauseneitheriswillingtoadmitanyresponsibilityforstartingit.Fromtheparents'pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents'completeunreasonableness.Andofcourse,theteensseeitinexactlythesameway,exceptoppositely.Bothfeeltrapped.

Inthisarticle,I'lldescribethreeno-winsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.Thefirstno-winsituationisquarrelonunimportantthings.Examplesincludethecoloroftheteen'shair,thecleannessofthebedroom,thepreferredstyleofclothing,thechild'sfailuretoeatagoodbreakfastbeforeschool,orhistendencytosleepuntilnoonontheweekends.Second,blaming.Thegoalofablamingbattleistomaketheotheradmitthathisbadattitudeisthereasonwhyeverythinggoeswrong.Third,needingtoberight.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatthetopicis—politics,thelawsofphysics,ortheproperwaytobreakanegg—thepointoftheseargumentsistoprovethatyouarerightandtheotherpersoniswrong,forbothwishtobeconsideredanauthority—someonewhoactuallyknowssomething—andthereforetocommandrespect.Unfortunately,aslongasparentsandteenscontinuetoassumethattheyknowmorethantheother,they'llcontinuetofightthesebattlesforeverandnevermakeanyrealprogress.（1）Whydoestheauthorcomparetheparentteenwartoaborderconflict?A.

Bothcancontinueforgenerations.

B.

Bothareaboutwheretodrawtheline.C.

Neitherhasanyclearwinner.

D.

Neithercanbeputtoanend.（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Theteensblametheirparentsforstartingtheconflict.B.Theteensagreewiththeirparentsonthecauseoftheconflict.C.Theteensaccusetheirparentsofmisleadingthem.D.Theteenstendtohaveafullunderstandingoftheirparents.（3）Parentsandteenswanttoberightbecausetheywantto__________.A.giveorderstotheotherB.knowmorethantheotherC.gainrespectfromtheotherD.gettheothertobehaveproperly（4）Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Causesfortheparent-teenconflictsB.Examplesoftheparent-teenwarC.Solutionstotheparent-teenproblemsD.Futureoftheparent-teenrelationship【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对于父母来说，抚养一个十几岁的孩子就像是打一场持久战，但是是一场没有赢家的持久战。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,theparent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontrolandwhatyoudo?”可知和邻国之间的边界纷争一样，两代人之间的战争是关于界限的：我所能控制的和你所做的之间的界限。选B。（2）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Fromtheparents'pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents'completeunreasonableness.”可知，从父母的观点来看，他们之间斗争的唯一原因就是他们的青春期的孩子的完全不讲道理。划线句子意为:青少年也正好是同样的方式看待的，只是正好相反的，也就是在孩子们看来，斗争的原因完全是他们的父母蛮不讲理。选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Third,needingtoberight,Itdoesn'tmatterwhatthetopicis–politics.Thelawsofphysics,ortheproperwaytobreakanegg–thepointoftheseargumentsistoprovethatyouarerightandtheotherpersoniswrong,forbothwishtobeconsideredanauthority—someonewhoactuallyknowssomething—and

thereforetocommandrespect”可知，他们争论的话题是什么不重要，重要的是他们要证明自己是对的，而对方是不对的，从而赢得尊重。选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据由最后一段中的“Inthisarticle,I'lldescribethreeno-winsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.”可知，在这篇文章中，作者将描述三种通常会引起青少年和父母之间斗争的情形，然后提出几种解决的方法。最后一段介绍了三种情形，所以接下来讨论的该是解决的方法了。选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.Torelieve(缓解)stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.Thenyoucaneasilybeatstress.

Talkitout

Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.Yourworrieswillbedivided!Ifyouareyourownboss,youneedsomegoodadvisersaroundyou,whoknowyourtroubleandtalksense.Ifthereisnosuchpersonsatyourworkplace,lettherebeoneathome,whoisafriend,afamilymemberoraguidethatyoucantalkto.

Letmusiccalmyourmind

Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.

Takeawalk

Ifthereisaparkaround,goandhaveawalkthere.Youcaneatsomesnackssittingonthegrass.Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.Awalkworksasitalsoclearsyourthoughts.Youcanlistentomusicwhilegoingonawalk.

Havealifebeyondtheworkplace

Ifyoukeepthinkingaboutnothingotherthanworkallthetime,thereisboundtobestress.So,throwawayyourthoughtsaboutworkafteryouleaveyourofficeandgetalifebeyondit.Havealifebeyondtheworkplace,andyoucanrelaxafterwork.（1）Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthattorelievestress,weshould_________.A.

knowwhatcausesstressfirst

B.

swimalotwhenwearefreeC.

findagoodadvisertotalkto

D.

paymoreattentiontowork（2）Torelieveworkstress,you'dbettertalktothosewho________.A.arefreeofjobstressB.haveenoughtimetotalktoyouC.havethesamesufferingsD.canchangeyourjob（3）listeningtosomemusiccan__________.A.helpyouimproveyourtasteofmusicB.improveyourrelationshipwithothersC.makeyoufeelmoretiredofyourjobD.letyourelaxandforgetworkstress（4）Whentakingawalktorelieveworkstress,youshould_________.A.considerproblemsatworkatthesametimeB.letyourmindatpeaceanddosomeexerciseC.makenewfriendswithstrangersasyouwalkD.walktoaquietplaceasfarawayaspossible（5）Theauthorofthispassagemaybe________.A.aresearcherwhostudiesmusicB.tiredofworkingunderpressureC.apersonwhoistryingtofindajobD.expertindealingwithworkstress【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些可以缓解工作压力的方法。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Torelieve(缓解）stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.“可知，想要缓解思想上的压力，我们首先要明白压力的特征和它产生的原因。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.“可知，与别人交谈可以缓解工作压力，尤其是和自己有相同遭遇或者相同压力的人。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.“可知音乐可以让人远离担忧，听喜欢的音乐也是一种缓解压力的方式，即音乐可以令人放松并且缓解压力。故选D。（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”

Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.“可知，我们在散步时要暂时忘记工作，关注周围的世界，让身体动起来。故选B。（5）考查推理判断。结合文章所给的几个缓解工作压力的方法和第一段的”Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.“可推测本文的作者可能是处理工作压力方面的专家。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(问题)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过工作能有一个积极的社会影响对年轻人的幸福至关重要。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates”除此之外，调查发现女生比男生更有可能把社会影响放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一项研究结果显示，数学和科学专业女学生所占的比例更有可能说她们进入这些领域是为了有所作为，可以推断出两项调查的结果是一致的。都说明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影响。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”强调改善世界的一个原因可能与大学文化有关，大学文化鼓励学生将他们的学习与现实世界的问题联系起来。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”调查发现，72%的大学毕业生认为通过工作产生积极的社会影响对他们的幸福至关重要。可知，多数的毕业生都认可工作产生的社会影响对他们而言是重要的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通过第一段的调查结论得出：通过工作产生积极的社会影响对他们的幸福至关重要。所以，文章主要阐述年轻人的幸福取决于在工作中改变世界；再根据第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”对他们来说，改变世界是如此重要，以至于45%的人说他们愿意接受15%的减薪去为一个对社会或环境有影响的组织工作，58%的人说他们愿意接受减薪去一个与他们价值观相同的组织工作。综上所述，选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeantheteenagerproblem.Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableandhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.

I'veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.IsawhimlastweekwhenIcalledround.Sprawlinghimself(懒散地躺)onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed."Idon'tknowwhattodowithhimthesedays,"shesaid."He'sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim.”

Hehasn'tforgottenthem.He'sjustdecidedthathe'snotgoingtousethem.Sheconfessed(坦白)thatshewouldliketocomeupbehindhimandthrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor.

Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture,reachacrossthetable,stareatmeandsay,"Idon'tlikeyourdress;it'sugly."Oneofthedaughtershasrecentlybeendrivenoutofschool.Theotherhaslefthome.

"Wheredidwegowrong?"herparentsarenowverysad.Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestofthatunfortunaterace,parents.（1）Theboyonthesofawouldmostprobablybedescribedas_______.A.lazyB.quietC.unusualD.rude（2）Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthattheparentsofthetwodaughters______A.paynoattentiontothemB.aretoobusytolookafterthemC.havecometohatethemD.feelhelplesstodomuchaboutthem（3）Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutthesuddenchangeinteenagechildren?A.Parentshavenochoicebuttotrytoacceptit.B.Parentsshouldbetoblameforit.C.Parentsshouldworkmorecloselywithschoolteachers.D.Parentsareatfaultforthechangeintheirchildren.（4）Thistextismostprobablywrittenby_______.A.aspecialistinteenagerstudiesB.aheadmasterofamiddleschoolC.aparentwithteenagechildrenD.adoctorformentalhealthproblems【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在孩子的教育问题方面，父母亲不应该责备自己，因为他们也没有什么可以做的。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Sprawlinghimself(懒散地躺)onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.”全身趴在沙发上，当我走进来的时候，根本没打算要关掉他正在看的开的很大声的电视，他的问候不过是瞥了我一眼，可知当我进来的时候，这个男孩没有和我打招呼，只是瞥了我一眼。说明他非常没有礼貌，很粗鲁。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“‘Wheredidwegowrong?’herparentsarenowverysad.”她的父母非常难过，“我们哪儿错了?”可知这两个女孩的父母感觉很无助，不知道自己错在哪里。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snotalottheycandoaboutit.”家长们应该停止自责，因为对于青少年问题，没有很多他们可以做的，可知关于孩子的教育问题，父母亲不应该责备自己，因为他们也没有什么可以做的；再根据“atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableandhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.”可知在某些时候，孩子都会变得非常难以理解，作为父母亲只能接受现实。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。作者在第一段中提及了有时候父母在教育孩子时无计可施，只能接受现实。接下来列举了两个例子，都是关于儿童教育失败。可知作者最可能是一个教育方面的专家。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Mostparentsrealizethatadietofsodaandcandyisn'tahealthychoice,butwhatshouldtheydoiftheirchildrenarepickyeaterswhorefusefruitandvegetables?Therearewaystohelpkidseathealthilyandavoidinvolvingmanyfightsatthedinnertable.

JaneE.BrodywroteanarticleforTheNewYorkTimesinAugust2015.ThearticledtitleisAnotherApproachtoRaisingHealthyEaters.Inthisarticle,shesharesherexperienceasachildwhowasapickyeater.Sheprovidessomeusefulviewsforparentswhohavechildrenthatareverypickyaboutwhatfoodstheywilleat.

Itturnsoutthatdemanding(要求)thatachildeatsomethingdoesn'treallyworkwell.Thecommandto"cleanyourplate"canendupteachingchildrenthatitisnormaltocontinueeatingaftertheirstomachisfull.Thishabitmaycontinueintoadulthoodandcanleadtooverweightbodiesorfooddisorders.

Instead,parentscantryothermethodsthatmightactuallyinfluencetheirchildrentotrynewfoods.Oneverysimplemethodistoofferyourchildrenasmallamountofnewlyintroducedfood.Alargeamountcanseemintimidating(令人生畏的).Oneortwobitesmightfeelless"scary"totry.

Anotherreallyeasythingparentscandoistoreadtheingredients(成分）onfoodinstructions.Youmightbesurprisedbythekindsoffoodthathavesomeformofsugaraddedtothem.Onewaytobeahealthiereateristoreducetheamountofsugarapersoneats.Readtheingredientlabels,andpickaproductthatdoesn'thaveextrasugaradded.Startmakingyourowntypeofyourchild'sfavoritefoodsathomeinsteadofbuyingprocessed(加工过的)ones.Considerorganicfoodsoverthepopular,well-knownfoodsthatarefullofsugar.

Sometimes,allittakestogetachildtoeathealthilyistoofferafoodinadifferentway.Kidsthathaterawcauliflower(菜花)mighteatitafterthevegetableisroasted.Itispossibletoturnaheadofcauliflowerintorice.Itlooksthesameandyourchildmaynotnoticethedifferencebetweenitandrealrice.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJaneE.Brody?A.Shewroteabooktohelpkidseathealthily.B.HerarticleforTheNewYorkTimeswaswritteninwinter.C.Shesharedsomemethodswithparentshavingpickychildren.D.Herexperienceasapickyeateroncemadeherparentsannoyed.（2）Thecommandofcleaningone'splateusually_____.A.doesn'tworkatallB.leadstochildren'sstomachacheC.endsupwithchildren'shatingeatingD.getschildrenintoabadeatinghabit（3）Whatcanparentsdoiftheywanttheirchildrentotryanewfood?A.Offerasmallamountofit.B.Giveallofthefoodtothem.C.Tellthemtheingredientsinit.D.Reduce