【高考新风向】专题四七选五1-英语二轮总复习讲义教师版

专题四七选五（一）【题型把握】该题型的阅读材料长度为300词左右，文中有五处空白，文后有七个选项，要求考生从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和前后文联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识详解和理解长难句的能力。【考纲解读及命题趋势】近年来，高考“7选5”的选文以说明文居多，主要考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。今后，对主题句及过渡句的考查将仍是“7选5”的考查重点。【解题技巧】步骤1ꢀ通读整篇文章快速浏览文章，把握段落文脉，寻找主题句，理出文章中心，掌握文章结构及文章大意。注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章首段及末段的首尾句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”为常见的写作方式。首段的首尾句很可能是全文的主题所在，并可能简要指出了文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。步骤2ꢀ详读段落在短时间内，找出每段的关键词，注意关键词之间的关系。将所有句子按意义分出层次，再详解各层次之间的关系，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤3ꢀ定位选项明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。填写时尤其要注意各选项与前后句之间的衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。步骤4ꢀ通读复检将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系。【知识清单】一．命题方式1、体裁以说明文为主，间或考查记叙文或议论文。主要围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题。2、倾向于不带标题或段落小标题，但文章大都结构清晰。3、设空位置以段中为主，从功能上来说主要考查：(1)主旨概括句(文章整体内容)(2)过渡性句子(文章结构)(3)注释性句子(上下文逻辑关系)二．选项特征文中的五处空白一般分布于各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。其选项一般分为四类：主题(反映文章结构)(反映上下文逻辑关系)项也往往从这四个方面设置，例如主题概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，细节理解句与上下文脱节等。三．常用解题方法1、关注小标题七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个“总—分(—总)名词性短语或祈使句，题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。语篇结构有以下四种类型：ꢀ2、留意主旨句“总—分(段落)(段落)都有主旨句引领，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。此类题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。3、观察首段末尾处在“总—分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句，往往起到总起作用，引领下文。所选答案的语句通常为：“Followingistheadviceonhowto...”“Hereareafewtipsto...”“Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyou...”，而下文内容正是这些advice，tips，steps的具体内容。4、利用标点符号如果设空处后面是逗号，则该处填入的句子应为“未完待续”的句子，这些句子往往是从句或是主句；如果设空处前面是逗号，则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)。我们可以据此来迅速锁定选择范围。5、内在线索题之一——关键词复现法关键词复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同(近)义词和反义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现等。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。6、内在线索题之二——代词指代法代词的使用主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。代词指代一定要注意两种情况：一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是挖空后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。7、内在线索题之三——逻辑关系法文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有并列、递进、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系等。阅读七选五的解题策略之一就是理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。【典型例题】1．[2021·全国甲卷]Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It’sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.·Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37.Less__people__than__that,__andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.__38__．Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.39.Have__everyone__put__their__clothes__in__the__right__spots．Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go，”orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.40.Just__keep__music__playing__throughout．Anddon’tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it’saparty!A．LesspeoplethanthatB．HoldaclothingswapC．IftwopeoplearecompetingD．JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE．DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF．HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG．Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【答案】G【详解】ꢀ第一步ꢀ观察文章结构，缩小选择范围：由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句，再观察每个段落的首句都是祈使句，故38题选择范围是B、D、E、F和G项。第二步“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir‘new’clotheshome.说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服准备袋子。G项“Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition.”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带着洗好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。2[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]__37__Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot－good－enough.Whydoyoufollowthem？Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs？Knowthatyourlifeisyourown；youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.·Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings，ourmistakesandourfailures...C．Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D．Remember，youareonlyhuman.E．Setanintentionforself－acceptance.F．Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.【答案】F【详解】ꢀ“Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.”是祈使句，应排除C选项。由空后的两个问句“Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs？”可知本段主要讲不要和他人对比，故F项符合语境。3．[浙江卷]Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.__31__Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房产)neat,clean,andingoodrepair...G．Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly.【答案】G【详解】ꢀ本文是说明文。文章从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居，介绍了几个帮你迅速地融入新的社区的小技巧。第一段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居应该有的。下文介绍了几种具体做法，故选G“这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖”，承上启下。4．[2021·全国乙卷]__38__？Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台)．Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.A．HowdoyouknowhehostF．Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking【答案】F【详解】第一步38A和F项之间选择。第二步Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox.中的wine与F项中的drinking信息呼应，soapbox与F项中的talking信息呼应。故选F。5．[2021·全国乙卷]Andwhataboutthatotherdinner－partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(赞扬)__40__Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”A．HowdoyouknowthehostB．ThefirststepistogoexploringC．Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere？”D．BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE．OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF．Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG．Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【答案】G【详解】ꢀawkwardsilence和anawkwardsilence可知，G项Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost中的awkwardness是前面两次提到的awkwardG项中的Heorshe也与空格前面的host对应。如果晚会上大家都沉默不说话，非常尴尬，这对于主人来说是最尴尬的事情了，故选G。6[2021·浙江1月卷]Iftherearethreelinesinthestoredelayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability：33.The__chances__of__your__line__being__the__fastest__are__only__one__in__three.Soit’snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong，snakingline—calledaserpentineline—andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.__34__Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast－foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline，alongdelayatoneregisterwon’tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead，itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon’tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E．Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F．Withthreeregisters，thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G．Butsometimes，asonaSundayafternoon，thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.【答案】F【详解】ꢀ本题可利用代词指代法解题。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题，想出了一个好办法：FF项中的thismethod是空后This的指代对象，代词重复是一个很好的解题信号。故选F。7[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ]MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.__36__Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth－floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.A．Notallthecustomersaretourists.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C．Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G．Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【答案】F【详解】ꢀ本题可利用逻辑关系法解题。根据空白处后提示词“So”，可知空白处与下文形成因果关系。空白处前“MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.”，空白处后提到“Sothefirstthing...thesizeofacupboard.”。F项可以构成下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。故选F。【专项练习】Resolving(解决)ConflictinFriendshipsConflictissurelyacommonprobleminlifeandfriendships.1That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement.Unfortunately,evenwhenthefriendshipreachesadeeperlevel,conflictcontinuestohappenandcanbreakapartarelationship.Herearesomeresolutions.Resolveitthedayithappens.Onerulemyparentsfollowintheirmarriageisthattheydon'tgotobedangrywitheachother.Theyalwaysattempttoresolvethingsthedayithappenssothatinthemorning,it'safreshstartwithnopastgrudge(怨恨).I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger.2Whateveryoudo,don'tletthingsridefortoolong.3Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.Forexample,youmightbealeaderwhileyourfriendismoreofafollower.Youmaybefrustratedwithhimorherfornotbeingverydecisive.Yetitisimportanttounderstandthateachpersonisuniqueandneedstobeappreciated.Initiateresolution.4Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong，it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway."Ifyou'rehonestandgenuineindeliveringyourwords,there'sagoodchanceyourfriendwillrespondpositively.Mostimportantly,belovinginwhatyoudo.Trytofocusonpeacefullyresolvingthedisagreement.Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship.5【选项】A．Don'texpecttoomuch.B．Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.C．Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.D．Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.E．Tosaysorrybravelywhenaconflictbreaksoutisabetterresolution.F．However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.G．Forsome,countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganythingmaybeanoption.【答案】1．D2．G3．B4．C5．F【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了冲突无疑是生活和友谊中常见的问题，我们要努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突，比如在冲突发生的那一天就去解决，从对方的角度看问题，真诚地表达自己的观点并及时道歉等。1．根据下一句“That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement(这是因为没有足够的深度来保证消除分歧所带来的所有麻烦)”“thereisn'tenoughdepth(没有足够的深度)”与D项中的“shallow(肤浅的)”D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.()”that指代选项提到这件事。故选D。2“I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger(我发现我需要一个短暂的冷静期，这样我才不会生气)”可知，句中的“ashortcooldownperiod(一个短暂的冷静期)”与G项中的“countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganything(数到一百再说话)”对应，选项G.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，对有些人来说，数到一百再说话可能是一种选择)符合逻辑以及语境，故选G。3“Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.(有时候，如果你坐下来好好谈一谈，你就会发现对方是从哪里来的.认识到每个人都有不同的天赋、能力和个性特征。)”可知,本段建议从他人的角度来看问题。B项Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.(试着从对方的角度看问。)可以作为主旨句，故选B。4．根据下一句“Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong,it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway.(即使你认为对方错了，说“如果我那样冒犯了你，我很抱歉”也不是坏事)”可知，句中的“I'msorry(我很抱歉)”与C项中的“saysorry(道歉)”对应，C项Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.(在战斗中做第一个为你的角色道歉的人)内容相关，符合语境，故选C。5“Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship(在任何友谊中解决冲突都不是一件令人愉快的事情)”“努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突”“notamostpleasanttask(不是一件令人愉快的事情)”与F项中的“itisworththeefforts(这是值得的努力)”形成对比，再次点明主旨，F项.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，这是值得的努力，因为它导致了更深的友谊)衔接合理，符合语境以及文章主旨，故选F。【高考真题】A[全国新高考Ⅰ2022]FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym，”whileanotherread:“Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?1”Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.2Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.3Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.4Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—your5partnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A．Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B．Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C．You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D．Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E．Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F．Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G．Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【答案】1．C；2．D；3．B；4．G；5．F【详解】本文主要介绍了寻找合适的健身搭档的几种方法。1．根据上文的…“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym”的anotherread可知，设空处将要阐述另一个理由。C项(如果你与他人一起锻炼你会更努力)衔接上下文。故选C项。2OrdecidewhatyouwantfromthatpersonD项(你想要在你最喜爱的运动项目上成为一名更好的运动员吗？)为一般疑问句，且和设空处后一句(还是你只想保持身体健康，能够灵活有力地行动？)衔接连贯。故选D项。3．此段首句的前半句已说明在社交媒体上寻找健身搭档可能不是很有用。根据设空处后的Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.可知，健身搭档应该居住在离你比较近的地方。故选B项。4．设空处前的内容介绍了作者的搭档是如何写启事的。此段用举例子的方法说明了寻找健身搭档的启事需要包括的信息。G项(任何寻找健身搭档的启事都应包括这些信息)总结上文，符合语境，且notice为原词复现。故选G项。5．根据设空处前的havedifferentskills和此段段末的tohelpeachother可知，虽然你和健身搭档之间可能F项(接受你们的差异并学会相互合作)differentskills和helpeachother与F项中的acceptyourdifferences和workwitheachother为同义复现。故选F项。专题四七选五（一）【题型把握】该题型的阅读材料长度为300词左右，文中有五处空白，文后有七个选项，要求考生从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和前后文联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识详解和理解长难句的能力。【考纲解读及命题趋势】近年来，高考“7选5”的选文以说明文居多，主要考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。今后，对主题句及过渡句的考查将仍是“7选5”的考查重点。【解题技巧】步骤1ꢀ通读整篇文章快速浏览文章，把握段落文脉，寻找主题句，理出文章中心，掌握文章结构及文章大意。注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章首段及末段的首尾句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”为常见的写作方式。首段的首尾句很可能是全文的主题所在，并可能简要指出了文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。步骤2ꢀ详读段落在短时间内，找出每段的关键词，注意关键词之间的关系。将所有句子按意义分出层次，再详解各层次之间的关系，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤3ꢀ定位选项明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。填写时尤其要注意各选项与前后句之间的衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。步骤4ꢀ通读复检将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系。【知识清单】一．命题方式1、体裁以说明文为主，间或考查记叙文或议论文。主要围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题。2、倾向于不带标题或段落小标题，但文章大都结构清晰。3、设空位置以段中为主，从功能上来说主要考查：(1)主旨概括句(文章整体内容)(2)过渡性句子(文章结构)(3)注释性句子(上下文逻辑关系)二．选项特征文中的五处空白一般分布于各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。其选项一般分为四类：主题(反映文章结构)(反映上下文逻辑关系)项也往往从这四个方面设置，例如主题概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，细节理解句与上下文脱节等。三．常用解题方法1、关注小标题七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个“总—分(—总)名词性短语或祈使句，题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。语篇结构有以下四种类型：ꢀ2、留意主旨句“总—分(段落)(段落)都有主旨句引领，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。此类题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。3、观察首段末尾处在“总—分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句，往往起到总起作用，引领下文。所选答案的语句通常为：“Followingistheadviceonhowto...”“Hereareafewtipsto...”“Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyou...”，而下文内容正是这些advice，tips，steps的具体内容。4、利用标点符号如果设空处后面是逗号，则该处填入的句子应为“未完待续”的句子，这些句子往往是从句或是主句；如果设空处前面是逗号，则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)。我们可以据此来迅速锁定选择范围。5、内在线索题之一——关键词复现法关键词复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同(近)义词和反义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现等。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。6、内在线索题之二——代词指代法代词的使用主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。代词指代一定要注意两种情况：一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是挖空后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。7、内在线索题之三——逻辑关系法文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有并列、递进、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系等。阅读七选五的解题策略之一就是理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。【典型例题】1．[2021·全国甲卷]Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It’sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.·Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37.Less__people__than__that,__andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.__38__．Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.39.Have__everyone__put__their__clothes__in__the__right__spots．Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go，”orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.40.Just__keep__music__playing__throughout．Anddon’tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it’saparty!A．LesspeoplethanthatB．HoldaclothingswapC．IftwopeoplearecompetingD．JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE．DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF．HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG．Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【答案】G【详解】ꢀ第一步ꢀ观察文章结构，缩小选择范围：由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句，再观察每个段落的首句都是祈使句，故38题选择范围是B、D、E、F和G项。第二步“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir‘new’clotheshome.说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服准备袋子。G项“Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition.”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带着洗好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。2[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]__37__Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot－good－enough.Whydoyoufollowthem？Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs？Knowthatyourlifeisyourown；youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.·Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings，ourmistakesandourfailures...C．Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D．Remember，youareonlyhuman.E．Setanintentionforself－acceptance.F．Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.【答案】F【详解】ꢀ“Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.”是祈使句，应排除C选项。由空后的两个问句“Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs？”可知本段主要讲不要和他人对比，故F项符合语境。3．[浙江卷]Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.__31__Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房产)neat,clean,andingoodrepair...G．Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly.【答案】G【详解】ꢀ本文是说明文。文章从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居，介绍了几个帮你迅速地融入新的社区的小技巧。第一段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居应该有的。下文介绍了几种具体做法，故选G“这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖”，承上启下。4．[2021·全国乙卷]__38__？Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台)．Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.A．HowdoyouknowhehostF．Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking【答案】F【详解】第一步38A和F项之间选择。第二步Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox.中的wine与F项中的drinking信息呼应，soapbox与F项中的talking信息呼应。故选F。5．[2021·全国乙卷]Andwhataboutthatotherdinner－partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(赞扬)__40__Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”A．HowdoyouknowthehostB．ThefirststepistogoexploringC．Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere？”D．BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE．OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF．Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG．Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【答案】G【详解】ꢀawkwardsilence和anawkwardsilence可知，G项Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost中的awkwardness是前面两次提到的awkwardG项中的Heorshe也与空格前面的host对应。如果晚会上大家都沉默不说话，非常尴尬，这对于主人来说是最尴尬的事情了，故选G。6[2021·浙江1月卷]Iftherearethreelinesinthestoredelayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability：33.The__chances__of__your__line__being__the__fastest__are__only__one__in__three.Soit’snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong，snakingline—calledaserpentineline—andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.__34__Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast－foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline，alongdelayatoneregisterwon’tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead，itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon’tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E．Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F．Withthreeregisters，thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G．Butsometimes，asonaSundayafternoon，thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.【答案】F【详解】ꢀ本题可利用代词指代法解题。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题，想出了一个好办法：FF项中的thismethod是空后This的指代对象，代词重复是一个很好的解题信号。故选F。7[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ]MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.__36__Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth－floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.A．Notallthecustomersaretourists.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C．Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G．Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【答案】F【详解】ꢀ本题可利用逻辑关系法解题。根据空白处后提示词“So”，可知空白处与下文形成因果关系。空白处前“MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.”，空白处后提到“Sothefirstthing...thesizeofacupboard.”。F项可以构成下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。故选F。【专项练习】Resolving(解决)ConflictinFriendshipsConflictissurelyacommonprobleminlifeandfriendships.1That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement.Unfortunately,evenwhenthefriendshipreachesadeeperlevel,conflictcontinuestohappenandcanbreakapartarelationship.Herearesomeresolutions.Resolveitthedayithappens.Onerulemyparentsfollowintheirmarriageisthattheydon'tgotobedangrywitheachother.Theyalwaysattempttoresolvethingsthedayithappenssothatinthemorning,it'safreshstartwithnopastgrudge(怨恨).I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger.2Whateveryoudo,don'tletthingsridefortoolong.3Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.Forexample,youmightbealeaderwhileyourfriendismoreofafollower.Youmaybefrustratedwithhimorherfornotbeingverydecisive.Yetitisimportanttounderstandthateachpersonisuniqueandneedstobeappreciated.Initiateresolution.4Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong，it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway."Ifyou'rehonestandgenuineindeliveringyourwords,there'sagoodchanceyourfriendwillrespondpositively.Mostimportantly,belovinginwhatyoudo.Trytofocusonpeacefullyresolvingthedisagreement.Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship.5【选项】A．Don'texpecttoomuch.B．Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.C．Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.D．Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.E．Tosaysorrybravelywhenaconflictbreaksoutisabetterresolution.F．However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.G．Forsome,countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganythingmaybeanoption.【答案】1．D2．G3．B4．C5．F【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了冲突无疑是生活和友谊中常见的问题，我们要努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突，比如在冲突发生的那一天就去解决，从对方的角度看问题，真诚地表达自己的观点并及时道歉等。1．根据下一句“That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement(这是因为没有足够的深度来保证消除分歧所带来的所有麻烦)”“thereisn'tenoughdepth(没有足够的深度)”与D项中的“shallow(肤浅的)”D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.()”that指代选项提到这件事。故选D。2“I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger(我发现我需要一个短暂的冷静期，这样我才不会生气)”可知，句中的“ashortcooldownperiod(一个短暂的冷静期)”与G项中的“countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganything(数到一百再说话)”对应，选项G.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，对有些人来说，数到一百再说话可能是一种选择)符合逻辑以及语境，故选G。3“Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.(有时候，如果你坐下来好好谈一谈，你就会发现对方是从哪里来的.认识到每个人都有不同的天赋、能力和个性特征。)”可知,本段建议从他人的角度来看问题。B项Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.(试着从对方的角度看问。)可以作为主旨句，故选B。4．根据下一句“Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong,it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway.(即使你认为对方错了，说“如果我那样冒犯了你，我很抱歉”也不是坏事)”可知，句中的“I'msorry(我很抱歉)”与C项中的“saysorry(道歉)”对应，C项Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.(在战