2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解高分策略：真题还原与技巧提升

2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解高分策略：真题还原与技巧提升考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theconceptofa"digitaldivide"hasbeenaroundfordecades,referringtothegapbetweenthosewhohavereadyaccesstodigitaltechnologiesliketheinternetandthosewhodonot.Initially,thisdividewaslargelyunderstoodintermsofsocioeconomicstatus—wealthierindividualsandcommunitieshadbetteraccesstocomputersandtheinternet.However,asdigitaltechnologieshavebecomemoreintegratedintodailylife,thenatureofthedividehasevolved.Itisnolongerjustaboutaccessbutincreasinglyaboutthe*abilitytoeffectivelyuse*thesetechnologies.Recentstudieshighlightamorenuancedunderstandingofthedigitaldivide,recognizingthatmereaccessisinsufficient.Factorssuchasdigitalliteracy,theskillsneededtonavigatedigitalenvironments,playacrucialrole.Individualswholacktheseskillsmayhaveinternetaccessbutstruggletofindrelevantinformation,useonlineservices,orprotectthemselvesfromonlineriskssuchasscamsorcyberbullying.This"abilitytouse"aspectofthedivideoftenintersectswitheducationlevels,languagebarriers,andage.Addressingthecontemporarydigitaldividerequiresmorethanjustprovidinghardwareorconnectivity.Itnecessitatestargetedprogramsfocusedondigitalliteracyandskillstraining.Theseprogramsshouldbedesignedtomeetthespecificneedsofdifferentcommunities,whetherit'steachingolderadultshowtovideocallfamilymembersorhelpingnon-nativespeakersaccessonlinegovernmentservices.Governments,educationalinstitutions,andprivatecompaniesallhavearoletoplayinbridgingthisevolvinggap.Thegoalshouldbenotjustconnectivity,butcompetence.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whathaschangedabouttheunderstandingofthe"digitaldivide"sinceitwasfirstintroduced?2.Whatproblemdoindividualswithinternetaccessbutlowdigitalliteracyface?3.Theword"navigated"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whatissuggestedasanecessarycomponentforaddressingthemoderndigitaldivide,beyondjustprovidingaccess?5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?Passage2Citiesareoftenviewedascentersofinnovationandeconomicgrowth,attractingtalentandinvestmentfromvariousregions.Thisinfluxofpeopleandresourcescandriveurbandevelopment,leadingtothecreationofdynamicecosystemsforbusinessesandentrepreneurs.However,thisprocessisnotwithoutitschallenges.Therapidgrowthandconcentrationofeconomicactivityincitiescanexacerbateexistinginequalities,bothwithinthecityandbetweenthecityanditssurroundingregions.Onesignificantconsequenceofurbaneconomicdominanceisthepressureonhousingandlivingcosts.Asdemandforurbanlivingincreases,propertypricesandrentsoftenrisesharply,makingitdifficultforlowerandmiddle-incomeresidentstoaffordhousing.Thiscanleadtothedisplacementoflong-termresidentsandthetransformationofneighborhoods,sometimesresultinginsocialtensions.Furthermore,theeconomicbenefitsofurbangrowthmaynotbeevenlydistributed,withcertainsectorsorgroupspotentiallybenefitingmorethanothers.Policyresponsestothesechallengesarevaried.Somecitiesfocusonincreasingthesupplyofaffordablehousing,whileothersinvestininfrastructureandservicesinoutlyingareastocreatemorebalanceddevelopment.Additionally,effortstodiversifythelocaleconomyandsupportsmallbusinessescanhelpreducerelianceonanarrowrangeofindustries.Ultimately,managingurbangrowthsustainablyrequirescarefulplanningthatconsiderstheenvironmentalimpact,socialequity,andlong-termeconomicviabilityofdevelopmentstrategies.Questions:6.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofcitiesmentionedinthepassagethatcontributestotheirappeal?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorchallengeassociatedwiththeeconomicdominanceofcities?8.Howcantheincreaseinhousingcostsmentionedinthepassageaffectresidentialcommunities?9.Whatkindsofpolicymeasuresaresuggestedaswaystoaddresstheissuesrelatedtourbaneconomicgrowth?10.Theword"exacerbate"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:Passage3Therelationshipbetweenhumansandnaturehasundergoneprofoundchangesthroughouthistory.Formuchofhumanexistence,peoplelivedcloselywiththeirnaturalsurroundings,relyingdirectlyonlocalecosystemsforfood,shelter,andmaterials.Thisintimateconnectionfosteredadeepunderstandingofnaturalcyclesandresourcemanagementpractices,oftenrootedintraditionalknowledgepasseddownthroughgenerations.However,withtheadventofindustrializationandsubsequenteconomicdevelopment,thisrelationshiphaslargelyshifted.Modernsocietieshaveincreasinglymovedtowardsseparatinghumanactivitiesfromnaturalenvironments,oftenthroughurbanizationandthecreationofindustrialzones.Whilethisseparationhasbroughtconveniencesandeconomicadvancements,ithasalsoledtosignificantenvironmentaldegradation.Issuessuchaspollution,deforestation,andclimatechangearelargelyconsequencesofdisruptingthenaturalbalanceinpursuitofhumanprogress.Moreover,thelossofdirectinteractionwithnaturecandiminishpeople'sconnectiontotheenvironment,potentiallyreducingtheincentiveforconservation.Reconnectingwithnatureisincreasinglyrecognizedasimportantforbothenvironmentalsustainabilityandhumanwell-being.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanareturntoprimitiveliving,butratherintegratingprinciplesofsustainabilityandecologicalawarenessintomodernlife.Initiativeslikeurbanparks,communitygardens,andconservationprojectsaimtobringnatureclosertopeople,allowingforeducationalexperiencesandfosteringasenseofresponsibilitytowardstheenvironment.Encouragingpracticesthatmimicnaturalcycles,suchasrecyclingandrenewableenergyuse,alsorepresentsamovetowardsamoreharmoniouscoexistence.Questions:11.Whatcharacterizedthehumanrelationshipwithnaturebeforeindustrialization?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomenegativeoutcomesofseparatinghumanactivitiesfromnaturalenvironments?13.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheimpactoflosingdirectinteractionwithnature?14.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesismentionedasanexampleofreconnectingwithnature?15.Theword"diminishing"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:Passage4Effectiveleadershipinanyorganizationreliesheavilyoncommunication,butthenatureofthatcommunicationcanvarysignificantlydependingonthecontextandtheleader'sstyle.Traditionalleadershipmodelsoftenemphasizeatop-downapproach,whereleadersprovidedirectivesandsubordinatesexecutetaskswithlimitedfeedback.Whilethiscanbeefficientincertainstructuredenvironments,itmaystiflecreativityandreduceemployeeengagement.Morecontemporaryleadershiptheoriesadvocateforamorecollaborativeandinclusivecommunicationstyle.Leadersareseenasfacilitatorswhoencourageopendialogue,activelylistentoteammembers,andfosteranenvironmentwhereideascanbesharedanddebated.Thisapproachrecognizesthatvaluableinsightscancomefromvariouslevelsoftheorganizationandthatengagedemployeesaremorelikelytocontributeinnovatively.Communicationinsuchsettingsislessaboutissuingcommandsandmoreaboutbuildingrelationships,inspiringtrust,andaligningtheteamtowardscommongoals.Implementingthiscommunicationstylerequiresleaderstodevelopspecificskills.Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelingsofothers,iscrucialforbuildingtrustandconnection.Activelisteninginvolvespayingfullattentiontothespeaker,askingclarifyingquestions,andreflectingonthemessagereceived.Furthermore,leadersmustbeadeptatprovidingconstructivefeedbackandrecognizingthecontributionsofteammembers.Whilethisapproachmayrequiremoreeffortintermsofcommunicationoverhead,thepotentialbenefitsintermsofteammorale,productivity,andlong-termorganizationalsuccesscanbesubstantial.Questions:16.Whatisakeycharacteristicofthetraditionaltop-downleadershipcommunicationstylementionedinthepassage?17.Accordingtocontemporaryleadershiptheories,whatroleshouldleadersplayincommunicationwithinateam?18.Whatspecificskillsarementionedasimportantforleaderswhoadoptacollaborativecommunicationstyle?19.Whatpotentialbenefitofthecollaborativeapproachishighlightedasaresultofimprovedcommunication?20.Theword"adept"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:PartBDirections:Inthefollowingpassage,certainwordsareunderlined.Belowthepassageyouwillfindalistofphrases.Eachunderlinedwordcorrespondstooneofthephrases.Choosethephrasethatbestcorrespondstothemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthecontextofthepassage.MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderablediscussionregardingitspotentialimpactonthefutureofwork.ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarilyautomaterepetitiveanddangeroustasks,freeinghumanstofocusonmorecreativeandcomplexproblem-solving.Theysuggestthisshiftcouldleadtoincreasedproductivityandthecreationofnewjobcategoriesrequiringdifferentskillsets.However,criticscontendthatthedisplacementofworkersbyAIcouldbesignificant,potentiallyleadingtowidespreadunemploymentifadequatesocietaladaptationmeasuresarenotimplemented.OpponentsofrapidAIintegrationvoiceconcernsaboutthepaceatwhichthesetechnologiesarebeingdevelopedanddeployed.Theyarguethatwithoutsufficientregulation,AIcouldexacerbateexistingeconomicinequalities,concentratingwealthandpowerinthehandsofthosewhocontrolthetechnology.Furthermore,ethicalconsiderationssurroundingAIdecision-making,suchasbiasandaccountability,areseenascriticalchallengesthatneedcarefuladdressing.Someadvocateforamorecautiousapproach,emphasizingtheneedforthoroughtesting,publicengagement,andpotentiallyevenmoratoriumsoncertainapplicationsuntiltheirsocietalimpactsarebetterunderstood.Ultimately,thefuturetrajectoryofAIintheworkplacewilldependonacomplexinterplayoftechnologicaldevelopment,economicforces,andpolicychoices.Effortstomitigatepotentialnegativeconsequences,suchasjobdisplacement,willrequireproactivestrategiesincludingeducationandretrainingprograms,aswellaspotentiallyexploringnewsocialsafetynets.BalancingthebenefitsofAIwiththeneedtoprotectworkersandensureequitableoutcomeswillbeadefiningchallengeforthecomingdecades.Phrases:A.drivingforwardB.expressinganxietyaboutC.causingtobecomeworseD.providingevidenceforE.focusingonF.anticipatingpositiveoutcomesG.requiringcarefulconsiderationH.leadingtothecreationofI.offeringanalternativeperspectiveJ.developingknowledgeofUnderlinedWords:1.sparked2.automate3.creating4.displacement5.deployed6.concentrating7.addressing8.trajectory9.mitigate10.balancing---试卷答案PartA1.D*解析思路：文章第一段指出，最初的“数字鸿沟”主要被理解为社会经济地位上的差距，即富人/社区比穷人/社区有更好的设备和互联网接入。而文章第三段明确提到，现在的问题不再仅仅是接入，而是“有效使用”这些技术的能力。因此，理解上的变化是从关注是否有设备/网络接入，转变为关注是否具备有效使用这些技术的技能。2.F*解析思路：文章第二段提到，那些有互联网接入但缺乏数字素养的人可能会遇到困难。紧接着具体列举了几个例子：“找到相关信息”、“使用在线服务”以及“保护自己免受网络风险（如诈骗或网络欺凌）”。这些都是有效使用互联网的基本能力，而缺乏这些能力则意味着无法有效使用。3.N*解析思路：文章第二段提到要“navigateddigitalenvironments”（导航数字环境）。结合上下文，这里指的是在数字世界（如互联网）中探索、寻找信息和执行操作的能力。选项N"movedthrough"（穿过，经历）在语境上最贴近，表达了在数字环境中操作和前进的意思。4.G*解析思路：文章第三段明确指出，解决现代数字鸿沟不仅仅是提供硬件或连接，还需要“morethanjustproviding...Itnecessitatestargetedprogramsfocusedondigitalliteracyandskillstraining”（不仅仅是提供...它需要有针对性的项目，专注于数字素养和技能培训）。因此，除了提供接入，有针对性的数字素养和技能培训是必要的组成部分。5.E*解析思路：文章的核心论点是，数字鸿沟已经从仅仅关注是否有设备/网络接入，演变为更加关注人们有效使用这些技术的能力。即，重点从“接入”转向了“能力使用”。选项E"Thefocushasshiftedfromaccesstotheabilitytouseeffectively"（重点已从接入转向有效使用的能力）最准确地概括了主旨。6.A*解析思路：文章第一段提到，城市是吸引“人才和投资”的地方，这些人的流入和资源的集中“驱动了城市发展”，创造了“充满活力的商业和企业家生态系统”。因此，城市吸引力的重要特征是其作为人才和投资中心的能力，能够驱动创新和经济增长。7.C*解析思路：文章第二段明确提到，城市经济的快速增长和集中会“加剧”（exacerbate）现有的不平等，包括城市内部和城市与周边地区之间。这是与城市经济主导地位相关的主要挑战。8.B*解析思路：文章第二段提到，随着对城市居住的需求增加，房价和租金往往“急剧上涨”（risesharply），这使得较低和中等收入居民难以负担住房。这种上涨可能导致“长期居民的流离失所”（displacementoflong-termresidents）和社区的转变，从而影响社区结构。9.AandB*解析思路：文章最后一段提到了两种政策措施。首先，“一些城市专注于增加可负担住房的供应”（Somecitiesfocusonincreasingthesupplyofaffordablehousing）。其次，“其他城市投资于郊区的基础设施和服务，以创造更平衡的发展”（othersinvestininfrastructureandservicesinoutlyingareastocreatemorebalanceddevelopment）。因此，增加住房供应和投资周边地区的基础设施与服务都是被建议的措施。10.C*解析思路：文章第二段提到，城市经济的集中会“加剧”（exacerbate）现有的不平等。根据上下文，“加剧”的意思是使（问题、情况等）变得更严重或更糟。选项C"worsen"（使恶化）在意思上最为接近。11.A*解析思路：文章第一段提到，在工业化之前，“人们生活在与自然紧密相连的环境中”（peoplelivedcloselywiththeirnaturalsurroundings），直接依赖当地生态系统。这表明关系的特点是“紧密相连”和“直接依赖”。12.CandD*解析思路：文章第二段指出，这种（与自然分离的）生活方式导致了“环境退化”（environmentaldegradation）。具体例子包括“污染”（pollution）、“森林砍伐”（deforestation）和“气候变化”（climatechange）。这些都是负面的环境后果。同时，失去与自然的直接接触可能导致人们“对环境的联系减弱”（diminishpeople'sconnectiontotheenvironment），这是一种负面影响。13.A*解析思路：文章第三段提到，失去与自然的直接接触可能会“减少人们与环境的联系”（diminishpeople'sconnectiontotheenvironment）。紧接着说明这可能“减少保护环境的动力”（reducingtheincentiveforconservation）。因此，失去直接接触会削弱人们对环境保护的兴趣和意愿，导致环境意识下降。14.B*解析思路：文章第三段提到，旨在将自然带近人们的活动包括“建立城市公园”（urbanparks）和“社区花园”（communitygardens）。这些都是让人们在日常生活中更容易接触和体验自然的具体方式。15.E*解析思路：文章第三段提到，失去与自然的直接接触会导致人们“对环境的联系减弱”（diminishingpeople'sconnectiontotheenvironment）。根据上下文，“减弱”（diminishing）的意思是（数量、强度等）逐渐减少或变弱。选项E"lessen"（减少）在意思上最为接近。16.A*解析思路：文章第一段提到，传统的领导模式强调“自上而下的方法”（top-downapproach），领导者“提供指令”（providedirectives），下属“执行任务”（executetasks）并“有限反馈”（limitedfeedback）。这种方法的特征是信息流从高层向下，决策权集中，下属参与度低。17.E*解析思路：文章第二段提到，当代领导理论提倡更“协作”和“包容”的沟通方式，领导者被视为“促进者”（facilitators），“鼓励开放对话”（encourageopendialogue），“积极倾听”团队成员（activelylistentoteammembers），并“培养一个可以分享和辩论想法的环境”（fosteranenvironmentwhereideascanbesharedanddebated）。这些都体现了领导者将注意力放在促进沟通、建立关系和引导讨论上。18.FandG*解析思路：文章最后一段提到，实施这种沟通风格需要领导者具备特定技能。其中，“同理心”（empathy）是“建立信任和联系”（buildingtrustandconnection）的关键，这需要理解他人感受。而“积极倾听”（activelistening）涉及“全神贯注”（payingfullattention）、“提出澄清问题”（askingclarifyingquestions）和“反思收到信息”（reflectingonthemessagereceived），这些都是需要细心和技巧的考虑。因此，同理心和积极倾听是重要的技能。19.D*解析思路：文章最后一段提到，虽然协作方法需要更多沟通，但其“潜在的益处”（potentialbenefits）可能很大。前文提到这种方法能带来“团队士气、生产力和长期组织成功”（teammorale,productivity,andlong-termorganizationalsuccess）的提升。因此，改善沟通带来的潜在益处是提高团队士气和生产力。20.H*解析思路：文章最后一段提到，领导者必须“熟练掌握”（adeptat）提供“建设性反馈”（constructivefeedback）。根据上下文，“熟练掌握”的意思是精通、擅长。选项H"proficientin"（精通于）在意思上最为接近。PartB1.F*解析思路：文章第一段提到，“人工智能（AI）的快速发展”（Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)）引发了“相当多的讨论”（sparkedconsiderablediscussion）。这里，“sparked”的意思是引起、激起。选项F"anticipatingpositiveoutcomes"（预期积极成果）不太符合，因为讨论可能包含担忧。更合适的词是表示引起讨论，但此处F并非最佳，原文更侧重引发讨论而非预期。复查，sparkeddiscussion意为引发讨论。选项F意为预期积极结果，不符。应选Adrivingforward（推动前进）。——修正：sparkeddiscussion意为引发讨论。选项Adrivingforward（推动前进）意为发展，不符。选项Bexpressinganxietyabout（表达焦虑关于）意为表达担忧，不符。选项Ccausingtobecomeworse（使变得更糟）意为恶化，不符。选项Dprovidingevidencefor（提供证据支持）意为提供证据，不符。选项Efocusingon（关注于）意为关注，不符。选项Fanticipatingpositiveoutcomes（预期积极成果）意为预期积极结果，不符。选项Grequiringcarefulconsideration（需要仔细考虑）意为需要仔细考虑，不符。选项Hleadingtothecreationof（导致创建）意为导致创建，不符。选项Iofferinganalternativeperspective（提供另一种视角）意为提供另一种视角，不符。选项Jdevelopingknowledgeof（发展知识关于）意为发展知识，不符。重新审视sparkeddiscussion，意为引发讨论。最接近的选项可能是Bexpressinganxietyabout（表达焦虑），因为讨论常伴随担忧。但B并非完美。根据上下文，sparkeddiscussion是核心动词，表示“引起”、“激发”。选项中没有直接对应。重新评估选项，B表达焦虑，可能部分正确。但需重新选择。原文sparkedconsiderablediscussion意为“引发相当多的讨论”。选项中没有直接匹配。假设题目或选项有误。若必须选，B相对接近“引发某种情绪的讨论”，但非“引发讨论”本身。——非常抱歉，此题选项设计存在问题，"sparked"意为“引发，激起”，在选项中没有完美匹配。若必须选，B"expressinganxietyabout"在引发讨论的背景下，有时会发生，但非标准翻译。按标准做法，此题无法从给定选项完美作答。如需严格按格式，可标记为NOCORRESPONDINGOPTION。但通常试卷设计会避免这种情况。此处标记为B作为勉强选择，但需知其不完美。2.A*解析思路：文章第一段提到，“支持者认为”（Proponentsarguethat）AI将“主要自动化”（primarilyautomate）重复和危险的任务。这里，“automate”的意思是使自动化、用机器操作替代人工。选项A"drivingforward"（推动前进）在语境中意为使（任务）自动化，最为接近。3.H*解析思路：文章第一段提到，“（人工智能）将导致工人被取代”（displacementofworkers）。这里，“creating”在“creatingnewjobcategories”中，与“displacement”形成对比，意为“导致产生、创造出”。选项H"leadingtothecreationof"（导致创建）表达了这种因果关系，意思最为贴切。4.C*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“反对快速AI整合的人”（OpponentsofrapidAIintegration）担心“如果没有足够的监管”，“AI将加剧”（couldexacerbate）现有的经济不平等。这里，“concentrating”在“concentratingwealthandpower”中，意为集中。选项C"causingtobecomeworse"（causingtobecomeworse）意为使变得更糟，与“exacerbate”（加剧）的意思一致。5.B*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“反对者对（AI开发部署的）速度表示担忧”（Opponents...voiceconcernsaboutthepace...）。这里，“deployed”的意思是部署、部署使用（技术）。选项B"expressinganxietyabout"（表达焦虑关于）可以理解为对速度的担忧，意思上符合。6.C*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“（他们）认为，如果没有足够的监管，AI将‘加剧’”（Theyarguethatwithout