高考英语二轮复习 重难点突破 题型二 七选五（版）（原卷版）

题型二七选五目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解读 1二、命题分析预测 1三、聚焦核心素养 1四、析考情题型突破 1五、考法解题能力提升 7六、精选考点题型专练 8一、考情解读1.七选五主要考查考生对文章的结构、内容以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题思路体现了新《课程标准》"用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语思维的能力"的理念。2.七选五侧重考查考生以下几个方面的语用能力:对文章脉络层次的理解能力,对事实信息和情节发展的理解能力,对作者的写作意图、态度和观点的理解能力等。二、命题分析预测1.题材以说明文为主,语篇模式较为固定,即Introduction(引出话题)—Body(对该话题从不同方面展开说明—Summary/Conclusion(结尾总结)。文章选材与考生的日常学习、生活密切相关。2.命题形式包括阐释句、细节支撑句、衔接过渡句、主旨概括句等,主要考查篇章结构、行文逻辑、段落主旨和上下文的过渡衔接。三、聚焦核心素养七选五主要围绕考生的语言能力、思维品质和阅读素养进行考查,考查考生从宏观角度整体把握语篇、深入理解文意的能力,侧重对思辨能力的考查。四、析考情题型突破一考情概况该题型要求从短文后给出的七个选项(多数为完整的句子)中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体理解以及对语篇结构和行文逻辑的把握。选材通常以说明文为主,间或出现记叙文和议论文。所选短文的词数约300(选项词数为40—90)。空处可能在段首、段中或段末,也可能是段落标题。近几年,高考试题逐渐减少了对段落标题的考查,使得试题的难度有所增加。但总的来说,试题难度适中,稳中有变,突出考查考生的逻辑思维能力。研究近几年试题可知,七选五要求考生不仅要具备语篇和词汇知识,还要具备分析、归纳等能力。试题中主旨句一般考查1—2个,细节句1—3个,衔接过渡句1—2个。所选材料话题新颖,贴近考生生活,具有浓厚的时代气息。二命题特点设空类型一般可分为细节句(上下文逻辑意义)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和主旨概括句(主题句、段落标题)三类:1.细节句通常出现在段中,考查的是段落内部句子之间,特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。2.衔接过渡句通常出现在首段的结尾或段落中间。3.主旨概括句的设空位置一般在段首,对段落主题句进行考查。有时也会考查文章主旨句,文章主旨句往往概括了全文的大意。三解题步骤1.通读全文,掌握大意,初识庐山真面目在阅读过程中,要注意文章的首段与末段,尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句,因为"开门见山"与"结尾总结"的写作方式较为常见。首段的末句通常是主题句,引出本文将探讨的内容,并简要点明文章的写作思路。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义,如果它是文章的主题句,就能让读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开,并对文章的写作主题有整体的了解。如果首段的末句不是主题句,则要继续寻找。这时,我们可以考虑文章的写作方式可能是"结尾总结"式,如两者均可排除,则可以在文章其他段落中寻找主题句,但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。2.详读段落,敲定关键词,把握段落主旨文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会围绕整篇文章的写作主题来展开,对文章主题进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词,明确其描述内容,为解答段落主旨类试题做好铺垫。3.利用写作线索,分析上下文语境,敲定选项在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选的选项放入空格处,看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境,能否承接前后的写作线索,使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都能通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体,是有其写作的线索与思路的。文章的写作线索与思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体,因此在定位选项时,尤其要注意文章的写作线索与思路。如果放入选项后,发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾,应更换其他选项。4.代入已敲定选项,通读复检,确定答案在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,语意是否连贯、合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否连贯、是否具有一致性并合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判断选择的选项是否正确。同时,考生还应对相近选项进行对比分析,个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性,这时考生应认真分析、仔细甄别、排除干扰,从而选出正确答案。Passage1AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.

●37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetter幻灯片14thantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.

●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.38Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?"Thatdidn'tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest."

●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39

●Nowthatyou'velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.40Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?

A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?命题分析▶素养解读本文主要介绍了学会自我接纳的四个建议,倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度,有助于考生认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我,成为全面发展的具有高素质的公民。▶试题分析挖空设置既有过渡句、主旨句,又有细节句,设计合理,分布均匀。选项设置没有半句。庖丁解牛▶重难词汇empowervt.增加(某人的)自主权;授权imperfectionn.缺点;瑕疵▶词块积累ahandfulof少数,几个beashamedof因……感到羞愧timeandtimeagain一再,总是getcaughtupin陷入;被卷入asplanned按照计划▶难句突破句式分析:句中含有ratherthan(而不是)短语,介词in之后是how引导的宾语从句。句意:与其纠结于你本可以怎样做得更好,为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢?解题思路36.B考查过渡句。由空前内容可知我们都想接受并爱自己,但有时似乎太困难,太遥不可及。空后一句"Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection"表示下文是介绍了一些方法,由此可知,B项"你从哪里开始呢"是对前句提出问题,并过渡到下文提供四个解决问题的办法,符合逻辑。37.F考查主旨句。作者在本段提出不要效仿他人,因为"yourlifeisbetterthantheirs""yourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld",由此可知,F项(停止与他人作比较)符合语境。38.D考查细节句。由本段第一句可知,本段讲的是原谅自己所犯的错。由空后一句"你会一次又一次地犯错"可知,空处应是为犯错误作出的解释,故D项(记住,你只是人)符合语境。39.C考查细节句。本段主要讲要认识到自己的优点并列举出自己的成就。由空前一句"Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday"可知,再小的事也应庆祝,C项中的"small"和"celebrate"分别对应空前的"gotoutofbedtoday"和"accomplishmentsandachievements"。故选C。40.A考查过渡句。根据空前的"listyourimperfections""readthesewordsbacktoyourself",再结合空后内容可知,阅读描写自己缺点的词会使自己感到沮丧,故A项符合语境。Passage2IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.

37Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.

Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情绪).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.命题分析▶素养解读本文介绍了呼吸新鲜空气,接近大自然有益身心健康,将健康观念和意识传递给考生,引导考生健康生活。该语篇结构性较强,主要考查考生分析和把握语篇上下文逻辑关系和意义的能力,很好地考查了考生的语言能力和思维品质。▶试题新变化选项设置没有沿袭2018年全国Ⅰ"三个半句+四个整句"的模式,而是回归七个整句的设题模式,打破了人们的猜题定式。庖丁解牛▶熟词生义age常见义:n.年龄;时代本文义:v.使变老▶词块积累turnout结果是,证明是putsb.intoabettermood使某人的情绪好转▶难句突破句式分析:句首为If引导的条件状语从句,第二个if引导的从句在which引导的定语从句中作条件状语。主句为"thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen"。句意:如果你远离城市的雾霾,你呼吸的空气就会是清新的,空气里满是赋予生命的、使人充满活力的氧气。解题思路36.E考查过渡句。上句提到人们告诉我们出去呼吸一些新鲜空气,下句中的关键信息"theanswerisabigYES"是对某个问题作出的回答,由此可判断空处应是一个一般疑问句,故E项"Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?"符合语境。37.A考查主旨句。通读此段可知,呼吸清新的室外空气使身体受益。因此A项"新鲜空气清洁我们的肺"符合语境。38.G考查细节句。上句提到人们已经开始研究自然界和治愈之间的联系,G项"在全国范围内,康复中心已经开始建设康复花园"是对上句的延伸,且下句中的"theseplaces"指代的就是G项中的"HealingGardens"。我们可以根据意义和词语指代这两个方面来解此题。39.C考查细节句。前文提到"Greeneryisgoodforus",C项解释了绿色植物对人有益,且与下句"Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace"在意思上衔接。40.D考查主旨句。本段陈述了阳光对人体的好处,因此段落主题句应为D项"呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光"。五、考法解题能力提升考法1考查篇章结构命题透视近年的高考命题已经由"知识立意""能力立意"转向"素养立意"。高考不仅考查考生的语言能力,而且考查考生的交际素养、学习能力和思辨能力。把握篇章结构和整体理解语篇是抓住文章主旨大意的重要方法,因此命题人把考查考生对篇章结构的把握能力作为重要的命题方向。方法点拨不同的英语文体有着不同的语篇结构、写作目的和语言特点。掌握各种英语文体的篇章结构特点是解题的常用方法。高考阅读理解七选五通常为说明文,其常见篇章结构有"总—分"和"总—分—总"两种形式。无论哪种形式,一般第一部分为导语段,旨在把读者的注意力引到即将讨论的话题上,第一段通常含有主题句,暗示下文的内容;第二部分作者从不同方面对某个问题展开论述;第三部分是结论段,针对前文的内容进行总结,或得出结论。在解题过程中,考生如果认真阅读短文,把握篇章结构,找到段落之间的关系,就能锁定解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。考法2考查上下文的逻辑命题透视阅读理解七选五的命题点除了关注语篇层面,还重点关注段内层次,即句际关系,这些句际关系是语意连贯不可或缺的逻辑关系。上下文的逻辑关系是历年阅读理解七选五试题的必考点,也是广大考生掌握不好、容易丢分的地方,因此应认真对待。方法点拨一般来说,英语文章的逻辑性非常强。逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用,能表明句子之间、段落之间逻辑关系的衔接性词语有以下几种:因果关系:so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等。条件关系:as/solongas,onconditionthat,if,unless等。并列关系:and,or,also,aswellas,both...and...等。顺序关系:first(ly),second(ly),third(ly)...;first,next,then...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...等。转折关系:however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,otherwise等。对比关系:onthecontrary,bycontrast,in/bycomparison,conversely等。层递关系:also,further,furthermore,even,besides,moreover,inaddition,what'smore等。列举关系:forexample,forinstance等。考生在解题过程中抓住这些逻辑关系线索词,就能掌握解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。考法3考查行文的连贯性命题透视随着英语学科核心素养在教学中的逐步落实,高考试题逐步加大对考生思维品质的考查力度。对阅读理解七选五试题来说,主要考查语篇的衔接和连贯性,命题人通常从语法角度(如替代)、词汇角度(如复现)、语篇的语义关联角度等进行命题。方法点拨为了使行文连贯和流畅,作者通常使用不同的衔接手段,例如:词汇衔接、逻辑衔接和结构衔接。一般来说,阅读理解七选五中的正确选项与文中空白处的前后句存在着词汇的复现关系,它们之间的语义衔接关系表现为词汇复现、上下义词、并列句和对比句等。解题时,我们应从关注语言的连贯性、词汇衔接和结构衔接入手,从而找到突破口。六、精选考点题型专练Passage1Areyouanangrybird?Whenyou’reangry,yourbodybecomestense.1Herearesomeothersimpletrickstochilloutandthinkwhenyougetangry.

2Thinklikeadetectiveandtrackdowncluestothekindsofsituations,people,andeventsthatsetoffyouranger.Onceyou’reawareofthem,trytoavoidthemifpossible.Evenifyoucan’tgetawayfromthem,atleastyou’llhavemoretimetoprepareforthemsotheydon’taffectyousonegatively.Youcanalsothinkofthesituationasanopportunitytopracticenotgettingmad.

Goforawalk.Whenyougetreallyangry,walkawayfromthesource.A5-minutewalkoutsideoranothercalmingactivitylikeyogacanbebothgreatstrategiesfordealingwithanger.Ifyourangerarisesfromthetrafficjamyou’restuckin,turnuptheradioandsingatthetopofyourvoice.3

Writeletters.4Soifyou’retryingtocalmdownfast,grabyourjournalandwriteyourfeelingsallout.Youcansimplywriteyourownfeelingsortrywritingalettertothepersonwhoupsetsyou.Youneverhavetosenditandjustwritingitwillhelpyoufeelbetter.

Talkaboutyouranger.It’snotjustwritingthathelpsrelieveanger.5Thetrickisnottounloadyourangeronthepersonmakingyouupsetbuttoreleaseyourpressurebytalkingwithaneutral(中立的)friend,familymember,orspecialist.Aneutralobservercanbringreasonablejudgmenttothesituation.Youcaneventrytalkingoutloudtoyourselfaboutit.

Nowthatyou’velearnedhowtokeepyourangerincheck,trysomeoftheselittlechangesthatwillmakeyouahappierperson.A.Controlyourtemper.B.Understandyouranger.C.Expressingitorallycanalsocalmyoudowngreatly.D.Writingoutyourfeelingsreallydoeshelpyoufeelbetter.E.Theideaistocreateamentalorphysicalescapefromthesituation.F.Deepbreathingisjustoneofthewaysyoucaninstantlyturnabadmoodaround.G.Exercisecanhelppeoplelowertheirlevelsofangerandothernegativeemotions.Passage2Beingabletocommunicateeffectivelywithothersisanessentialskillforpeopleofallages.1Peoplewhowanttodevelopthoseskillscanlearnhowtodothisfromself-helpbooks,workshops,andtheadviceofotherpeople.

2Activelisteninginvolvesapersonlisteningcarefullyandattentivelytothepersonspeaking,restatingwhattheotherpersonhassaid—orwhatcomesacross—inabriefandnonjudgmentalmanner.3Becomingeffectiveatactivelisteningisonewaytoincreasetrustandunderstandinginarelationship,whetheritisapersonalorprofessionalone.

Anothertipfordevelopingandimprovinginterpersonalcommunicationskillsistousefeedbackondifferenttypesofcommunication.Beforegivingspeechesandpresentations,itisalwayswelladvisedtopracticethembeforeanaudienceandtoaskforfeedbackbeforegivingtherealspeechorpresentation.4

Itisalsoessentialindevelopingcommunicationskillstouseappropriatebodylanguageandeyecontact.5Forexample,usingdirecteyecontactandbodylanguagethatindicatesopenness,suchasuncrossedarms,canhelptogetacrossthatapersonisreadyandwillingtolistenandtospeakopenly.

A.Itisessentialtolearnhowtocommunicatepolitely.B.Thesenonverbalsignalscanconveythetruefeelings.C.Mostpeoplecanbenefitfromimprovingtheircommunicationskills.D.Practicingactivelisteningdoesn’tmeanpeoplehavetoemployitcontinuously.E.Thiskindoflisteningfocusesmoreonunderstandingthanongivingadvice.F.Bydoingso,wecanensurethemessagesareeasilyunderstoodandcomeacrossasintended.G.Oneofthebesttipsfordevelopingcommunicationskillsistolearnandpracticeeffectivelistening.Passage3TipsonLearningaNewLanguageBeforeTravellingWheneveryoutraveltoaforeignplace,itishelpfultoknowabitofthelocallanguage.1Butspeakingthelocallanguageshowsyoucareanditwillhelpyoumixwiththelocalseasily.Tolearnalanguage,youdonothavetotakefull-timeclasses.Youcanfollowsomeofthetipstopickupsomebasicsquicklybeforethattrip.

Practise.Themoreyoustudythelanguage,thebetter.2Thinkofitaslearninganinstrumentortrainingforamarathon.Theamountoftimeyou’llneeddependsonthelanguageyou’relearning,howoftenyoupractiseandyourlearningstyle.

3Onegoodwaytopractiseistousethelanguageyou’relearning.Andwhoisbettertospeakalanguagewiththananativespeakerwhocantrainyoubetterandcorrectyourmistakes?FindoneontheInternetorinreallifeandstrikeupaconversationwithhimorher.Therearesomefreelanguageexchangewebsiteswhereyoucanfindnativespeakerstopractisewith.4

Downloadalanguageapp.Yourappstoreoffersalargenumberofoptionsforlanguagelearning.AppslikeDuolingoorHiNativecanhelpyoutolearnlanguagesquickly.5Buttheyarenotnecessarilythebestchoiceifyou’reshortoftimeandtryingtomasterthebasics.Theycanalsohelpalotwhenyou’restrugglingtocommunicatewhileonvacation.

A.Speaktonativespeakers.B.Constantlyusethelanguage.C.Youcanalsofindaprivateclasstoattend.D.Tripscanhelpmaketheprocessfunandeasy.E.Learningalanguagedoesn’thappenovernight.F.Thoseappscanhelpyoulearnthelanguageeffectively.G.Youmaynotknowhowtopronouncethewordscorrectly.Passage4TheValueofHonestyAccordingtoacommonsaying,"Honestyisthebestpolicy."1Lyingoftenseemslikeagoodwaytoimpresspeopleoravoidblameformistakes.Somepeoplelieoutofhabit,withoutevenrealizingthey’redoingit.Butdespiteallthese,honestyisreallyworththeeffort.

2There’salwaysachancethatthepersonyouliedtowillfindoutthetruth.Isthegainfromlyingreallyworththerisk?Liesarealsodifficulttohidebecausetheyarehardertorememberthanthetruth.Ifyoumakeupastory,youhavetorememberallthedetails.3Butifyoucommittotellingthetruth,youwillneverhavetroubleremembering.Thissavesyoueffortandmakesconversationslessstressfulforyou.

Anotherobviousreasonforavoidinglyingisthatlyingcanharmothers.4Andalieaboutsomeoneelsecoulddestroythatperson’sreputation.Onapersonallevel,ifyourfriendsfindoutyouliedtothem,theirfeelingswillbehurt.

Ontheotherhand,ifyoualwaystellthetruth,youwilldevelopareputationforhonesty.5Businessdeals,friendshipsandfamilyrelationshipsalldependontrust.

Honesty,however,doesn’tmeanthatyouhavetosayeverythingyouthink.Sometimesit’sbesttoremainsilentifyourwordsmighthurtsomeoneelse.Honestymeansthatwhenyouspeak,youtellthetruthwithoutholdinganyinformationback.Whenyoudothat,youwillfeelmorerelaxedandenjoystrongerrelationships.A.Behonestbecauseyouloveyourself.B.Butindailylife,honestycanbedifficult.C.Thiswillhelpyouineveryareaofyourlife.D.Whenyou’rehonest,youdon’tfeelsolostallthetime.E.Oneobviousreasonforhonestyisthatitisdifficulttokeeplying.F.Andthemoreliesyoutell,themorestoriesyouhavetoremember.G.Peoplewhobelieveyourliesmightmakebaddecisionsbecauseofthem.Passage5Wereyoutogiveapresentationwithnofacialexpressionandnobodylanguage,whatdoyouthinkthereactionofyouraudiencewouldbe?1youarenotsupposedtoexpectyourlistenerstoenjoyyourperformance.

2Itisthatifyoutreatyouraudienceasifyouwereinaconversation,theirreactiontoyouwillbepositive.Asaconsequence,ifyousmile,theywillsmile.Itisagiven(假设事实).

3Theywillfeelmoreintunewiththosethatdirectlyreachouttothemandholdtheirhands,guidethem,sharetheirexperienceandinvolvementwithsomething,andmakethemfeelthatthey’retheonlypeoplethatthosepeoplearetalkingtoatthatgiventime.

Howcanyoumakeyouraudienceagreewithyou?4Yourroleasaspeakeristocreatetrustandhonestynotjustwithyourwordsbutinthewayyoudeliverthosewords.Itisimportanttorecognizethatwhenyouhaveawonderfulmessagetosharewithyouraudience,unlesstheybelieveinyou,thenyourwordsareuseless.Thedesireofyouraudiencetoagreewithyoucanonlyoccurwhentheybelieveinyou.

Thisiswhathappenswhenyouareopeninguptoyouraudiencehonestly.Theyaregettingtoknowyouonacertainlevel.5Thepeoplewhowantyoutosolvetheirproblemsmustfirsttrustinyourabilityandcredibility.

A.Ifyouarenotacomedian,B.Mostaudiencesliketouchpoints.C.Howcanyoustartaconversation?D.Whatisamazingaboutgoodpublicspeaking?E.Eventhoughyoucanbesuccessfulasaspeaker,F.Whileyouaredoingso,youarebuildingtheirtrustinyou.G.Yourtoneofthepresentationsetsthestageforareactionofyouraudience.Passage6Formanyofus,nothingisbetterthanburyingourheadinagoodbook.Whetherit’sacrimestoryorabiographyofsomeone’samazinglife,it’sgoodtoreadabooktoswitchofffromthedistractionsofeverydaylife.1Itcanbeeducationalandbroadenthemind.Agoodnovelcanmakeushappy,ormakeuscryaswesympathizewithcharacters.Alistofbooksabout"bibliotherapy"canbeofferedtopatients.2It’sbecomesosuccessfulthatit’sabouttobeextendedtochildrenaswell.

ProfessorPhilipDavis,authorofabookcalledReadingforLife,studiedpeopleinreadinggroupsandfoundthatit’sreadingliterature—writtenworksthoughttohaveartisticvalue—thathasthebesteffect.HetoldtheBBCthatwhenreadingsomethingforpleasure,"...thebrainbeginstoworkfromdifferentparts,anditgetsexcitedandemotional.3"

Ofcourse,it’seasyforoursmartphonegenerationtoabandonagoodbookandplaywithourphonesinstead.Butopeningupapaperbackcouldbeasimplewaytohelpmaintainourmentalhealth.4Anditmayallowyoutoseethatawkwardsituationyou’vebeenanxiousaboutforweeksfromsomeoneelse’spointofview.

5Ifthebooklistdoesn’tappeal,youcouldreadbookreviews,visitalibraryorbookshop,oraskafriend.Onceyou’vefoundtherighttext,you’llbefascinated!

A.Youcanseethebraincomingtolife.B.Andyoucouldalwaysuseane-reader.C.Youcanlendittofriendsandforgetwhatyoudid.D.Itmayseemobviousthatreadingisgoodforus.E.It’sthoughtthatitcanhelpyousettargetsandfindfocus.F.Readingbooksisactuallybeingidentifiedasatreatmenttosickness.G.Ifyou’renotaconcernedreader,itcanbehardtoknowwheretobegin.Passage7Manypeoplebelievethatthereissometruthinthesaying"Laughteristhebestmedicine."1Laughterhelpsrelievepain,strengthentheimmunesystemandreducestress.Laughterstimulates(刺激)hormoneswhichmakeusfeelhappy.Laughteralsoincreasestheflowofbloodthroughoutthebodyandhasbenefitswhicharesimilartotheonesyougetbydoingexercise.

2Childrenexposedtofunnyfilmsandcartoonsbeforemajormedicalproceduresareabletocopebetterwithpainandanxiety.3Theseareprofessionalclownswhoaresenttohospitalsandwardstoentertainanddistractsickchildren.

Laughtertherapyhasbecomeverypopularinrecentyearsandasaresult,moreandmorelaughterclubsarestartingtoopenupincitiesandtownsallovertheworld.Atalaughtersession,atrainedtherapistinstructsthegrouptoperformaseriesofexerciseswhicharedesignedtoproducelaughter.4Andittakesthemsometimetogetridoftheirinhibitions(拘谨).Theymightevenstartoffwithfakelaughter,butthisdoesn’tmatterbecauseourbodiescan’ttellthedifference,andtheresultsarethesame.Moreover,laughteriscontagious(有感染力的).5

Sonexttimeyoufeelill,stressedoutordepressed,trywatchingafunnyfilmortryrememberinganamusingincidentinyourlife.Youwillsoonfeelbetter.A.Ifonepersonstartsgiggling,itisunavoidablethateveryoneelsewillbedrawnin.B.Laughterhelpsyoufocus.C.Thisfindinghasledtoso-calledclowndoctors.D.Infact,researchdonebyscientistshasshownthatlaughterhasalotofhealthbenefits.E.Laughtermakestheworldabetterandmorecolorfulplace.F.Somepeoplemayfindtheideaembarrassingatfirst.G.Usinglaughtertherapyinchildren’shospitalshasproventobeinvaluable.Passage8Weallagreethatweshouldrecyclethingsmoreathome,intheofficeorinotherplaces.1Consequently,theycanbecollectedandtakentotherightplaceforrecycling.Thisiswhattheprocessofsortingallowsustodo.

2Andtheeffectivesortingneedstohappenfirstinourownhome,andsecondinsortingplantswherewasteiscollected.Whenyouputaplasticbottleintherightrecyclingbagorbin,youhelpsortrecyclablethingssothattherightmaterialcanbefedintotherightrecyclingprocess.Ifsortingdoesnothappen,alotofrecyclablematerialscanendupinlandfills(废物填埋地).Itwillleadtothelossofresources.

3Forinstance,inBrusselsconsumersputplasticpackaging,cansandbeveragecartonsinbluebagsdesignedforrecyclablepackaging;paperinyellowbagsforrecycling;andglassinspecificcollectionbins.Somewhatdifferently,inVienna(Austria),citizenscanexpecttheirpaper,metal,glassandplastictobeseparatelycollectedindifferentweeks.4

Oncerecyclablematerialsarecollectedfromyourhome,theyarefurthersortedinspecialisedfacilitieswhichensurethequalityoftherecyclingprocess.5Traditionally,sortinghasbeendoneeithermanuallywithworkerssortingwhatcanberecycledandpickingoutthematerialstobediscardedormechanically.Today,newsortingtechnologiesarebeingdevelopednotonlytospeeduptheprocessofsortingbutalsotocausebetterresults.Excitingtechnologiesusingmagnets(磁铁)oropticalsystemsarebeingusedtoeffectivelysortmaterialssomoreofthemcanberecycled.

A.Foreffectiverecyclingweneedeffectivesorting.B.Packagingisthefirststeptowardsrecycling.C.Thisiswheredifferentsortingtechniquescomeintoplay.D.Socitizensneedtobeawareoftheirlocalcollectionsystem.E.Collectionsystemscanbeverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.F.Therestwereburiedorburnedeventhoughtheycouldhavebeenrecycledorreused.G.Butformaterialstoberecycled,theyfirstneedtofindtheirwaytotherightwastebin.Passage9Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.36Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.

37Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn’taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.

38Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39

Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.40Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon’tusefirestokeepwarm.

A.Thisisn’tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.Passage10Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.16Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.

Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe"public"attheexpenseofthe"speaking".17Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.

Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People’sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.So,don’tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit’satrulyseriousone.18

Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.19Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.

20It’sraretohearsomeonesay,"Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger."Ontheotherhand,youprobablycan’tcountthetimesthatyou’vethought,"I’mgladthattalkisover.Itseemedtogoonforever!"Sosurpriseyouraudience.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated.It’sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.

A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F.Takethefearoutofpublic