2024-2025学年北京市西城区高一下学期期末考试英语试题

2024—2025学年北京市西城区高一下学期期末考试英语试题一、完形填空(★★★)WhenIwaseight,myfatherleft.Mymotherbecameasinglemomofsixboys,workingseveraljobstokeepusfedandsheltered.Lifeforuswas_________.WhenIwashavingahardtimeadaptingtomynot-so-happylife,IwaspairedwithPaulinanAmeriCorpsprogram.Paulisasystemsengineer.HecameintomylifewhenI_________himthemost.HebecametheonlyeducatedpersoninmyyounglifetowhomIcouldtalkandlooktofor_________.Hebecamealightthathelpedleadmetowardsabetterlife.AsIgrewup,wewouldgooutandhavefuntogether.OfallthememoriesIhavewithhim,onememory_________inparticular.WewenttotheBostonHarborIslandsforatripinthemiddleofwinter.NotpayingattentiontoPaul’s_________,Iwasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillswhenIfoundmyself_________falling15feetintotheicyharbor!PoorPaulquickly_________meoutofthewater,andtogether,wegottorideaboatbacktoBostonfrominsidetheheatedcaptain’sroom.Notallofourmomentswerethisdramatic,_________eachwasspecial.Webakedcookies,wewenttothemovies,andweevenchangedcarbatteriestogether!Duringourtimetogether,PaulreallylistenedtowhatIsaidandkeptshowingmethatI_________.Unlikesomanypoorly-educatedpeopleinmychildhoodneighborhood,I,_________byPaul,wenttocollege.Aftermanyyears,Istartedmyown_________.Icompletelyenjoythelifeofabusinessman,withallitsupsanddowns.Ifeel_________thatthroughmydifficultchildhood,Idevelopedmyfoundation—extremepatienceanddetermination,andastrong_________toalwaysdogood.Ihavecomealongwayfrommyhardbeginnings.Paulwouldtellyouthatheisjusta(n)_________guy,whojustshowedup.Butnotme,whenIlookatPaul,Iseemyhero.Whenlifewasstacked(处于劣势)againstme,hewasthere,movingmecloserandclosertoabetterlife.Anditmadea_________.1.A．boringB．busyC．toughD．meaningless2.A．trustedB．missedC．admiredD．needed3.A．guidanceB．acceptanceC．respectD．comfort4.A．wearsoffB．sticksoutC．flashesbackD．getsaway5.A．warningB．reactionC．promiseD．comment6.A．smoothlyB．effortlesslyC．accidentallyD．secretly7.A．forcedB．pulledC．heldD．threw8.A．andB．althoughC．becauseD．unless9.A．succeededB．changedC．progressedD．mattered10.A．impressedB．touchedC．encouragedD．praised11.A．familyB．companyC．communityD．union12.A．confidentB．curiousC．powerfulD．fortunate13.A．desireB．emotionC．abilityD．build14.A．regularB．familiarC．amazingD．optimistic15.A．connectionB．pointC．recordD．difference二、阅读理解(★★)Planningacampingtripthissummer?Canadahasavarietyofoptions.Wehandselectedthesesitesforyoubecausecampingissuchanimportantpartofthesummerexperienceinourcountry.PacificRimNationalParkThemaindraw:LongBeachisthebestPacificexperience—22kilometresofsandwithahorizonthatdisappearsintotheocean.Thecampsitesheresitveryclosetotheocean.Thingstodo:Startbyexploringthebeach.Ofcourse,youcanalsogoforaswim,butbeawarethatthewaterisabout10℃.Ifyou’reintosurfing,therearealmostalwayswavesatLongBeach.Greywhalesspendthesummerinthewatersjustoffshore,providingwhalewatchingopportunities.AliceLakeProvincialParkThemaindraw:Whatthissmallparklacksinsize,itmakesupforinlocation,sittingjustnorthofSquamish—“Canada’sOutdoorRecreationCapital”.Campgroundpathslinkintothearea’sworld-classmountain-bikingnetwork.Thingstodo:YoucanwarmupforSquamishmountainbikingwithathree-kilometreridestartingjustoutsidethecampground.YoucanalsocooloffwithaswiminAliceLakeorrelaxonitssandybeaches.Anddon’tmissSquamish’sHoweSoundrestauranthere,youcantrytheirdeliciouswood-firedpizza.MountRobsonProvincialParkThemaindraw:There’snobetterplacetoadmirethehighestmountainintheCanadianRockiesthanattheBergLakeCampground.Thecampgroundislocatedbesideasmalllakethatcontainsminiicebergsthathavebrokenofffromaglacier(冰川)onthemountainabove.Thingstodo:TheBergLakeareahasseveralworld-classhikes.TheSnowbirdPasshikeisatough22-kilometreroundtrip.Thelakeprovidesapeacefulandbeautifulenvironmentforvisitorstoboatandenjoythesurroundingmountainscenery.PeterLougheedProvincialParkThemaindraw:ThiscampingareainAlberta’sKananaskisCountryispopularwiththelocals.IthasallthecharacteristicsyougetinnearbyBanff,butwithoutthecrowds.Youcanonlyreachitbyhikingforaboutthreekilometres.Thingstodo:Besidesfishing,youcanrelaxintheflower-filledfieldsandenjoynicemountainviewsatSouthKananaskisPass.Usekayaks(皮划艇)toexploretheshorelineofUpperKananaskisLake.16.WhatcanvisitorsdoinPacificRim-NationalPark?

A．Enjoyfishing.B．Watchgreywhales.C．Trymountainbiking.D．Eatawood-firedpizza.17.Ifyouwanttogoforworld-classhikes,youcanexplore________.

A．PacificRimNationalParkB．AliceLakeProvincialParkC．MountRobsonProvincialParkD．PeterLougheedProvincialPark18.Whatdothefourparkshaveincommon?

A．Theyallofferwateractivities.B．Theyallhavepeacefulcampsites.C．Theyallfeaturebeautifulmountainviews.D．Theyallmakegooddestinationsforhiking.(★★★)Fouryearsago,ChristinatraveledtoIndiawithherfamily.AtamarketinBombay,shewassurprisedtoseerowsofobjectsmadeofivory(象牙).Globally,theivorytradehasbeenagainstthelawformorethan30years,andelephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.Curious,Christinadidsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockingpieceofdata:Africa’sforestelephantpopulationhaddroppedbyabout62percentbetween2008and2019.Andthenumberscontinuetodrop.Awildlifelover,Christinawantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesthatisstillthreatenedbypoaching(偷猎).Overthecourseoftwoyears,ChristinacreatedElSa(shortforelephantsavior),alow-costmodelofanAI-drivensoftwarethatlooksatmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared(热能红外)videosofhumansandelephants.Christinasaysthesoftwareisfourtimesmoreaccurate(精确的)thanexistingadvancedmethods.ElSausesathermalcamerathatconnectstoasmartphone.Thecameraandthephonearethenattachedtoadrone,andthesystemproducesreal-timeresultsasitfliesoverparks,showingwhetherobjectsbelowarehumanorelephant.Herprojectwonanawardintheworld’slargestinternationalpre-collegeSTEMcompetition.ChristinafirstlearnedaboutthecapabilitiesofAIjustafterninthgrade.OnceatanAIconference,ChristinametAprilMoss,aHarvardcomputerscientistwhowasworkingonawildlifeprotectionprojectusingdronesandmachinelearning.Christinareachedouttothecomputerscientistaboutherideatocatchelephantpoachersusingmovementpatterns,andMosswashappytohelpherwiththesoftwareproject.Afternumerousimprovements,ChristinafinallycreatedElSa,whichwasabletopickouthumanswithover90percentaccuracy.Inthefall,ChristinawillattendtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,whereshewantstostudyelectricalengineeringandcomputerscience.Shehasplanstoenlargehermovementpatternresearchintootherendangeredanimals.AndshewantstobeginusinghersoftwareinnationalparksinAfrica.“Researchisn’tastraightline,”Christinasays.“Thathasmadememoreresourceful.Italsohelpedmedevelopintoamorecreativethinker.Youlearnalongtheway.”19.Whichistheprobableorderofthefollowingevents?①ChristinasawivoryproductsonsaleinBombay.②ChristinacreatedElSa.③ChristinaattendedanAIconference.

A．①②③B．②③①C．①③②D．③①②20.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatElSa________.

A．ismorecost-savingthantheexistingmodelB．canidentifypoachersusingmovementpatternsC．isgoodattellingthedifferencesbetweenanimalsD．canpredictthemovementsofhumansandelephants21.WhatisChristina’sfutureplan?

A．Tostudywildlifeprotectioninuniversity.B．TotakepartinacollegeSTEMcompetition.C．ToworkwithAprilMossonaprojectinAfrica.D．Toapplyhersoftwaretootherendangeredanimals.22.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordswouldbestdescribeChristina?

A．Honestandresourceful.B．Responsibleandcreative.C．Generousandintelligent.D．Considerateandhard-working.(★★★)Docatsrememberwhotheirmotheris?Theanswertothisquestionisabitcomplex.Catsareunsocialanimals.Theirrelationshipsdon’tfunctionthesameasthoseofpeople.Therefore,catsdon’tremembertheirmothersinthesamewaythathumansdo.Catsusesmelltoidentifyoneanother.Mothersandkittensmaycontinuetorecognizeeachotheriftheyareneverseparated.Iftheyareseparated,theywilllikelynotrecognizeeachotherwhentheyarereunited.Afterall.theirsmellwillhavechanged,whichwillcausetheir“identity”tochange.Evenifamotherandherkittensaren’tseparated,akitten’ssmellwillbegintochangewhenitisaround12weeksold.Beforethen,thekittensspendtheirtimeinanestingbox,whichcausesthemtodevelopauniquesmell.Aftertheystopspendingsomuchtimeintheirbox,thesmellslowlygoesaway,andthecatswilladoptthesmelloftheirenvironment.Eventually,itwillchangeenoughtopreventthecatsfromidentifyingeachotheraslittermates(同窝出生的仔畜).Domothercatsknowwhotheirkittensare?Variousstudieshavebeenperformedonwhethercatshaveaninbornsenseofwhotheirkittensare.Mostcatsacceptanykittenthatsuckles(吮吸)onthem.Youcantakekittensfromdifferentmothersandgivethemtothesamemothercat,andshewilltypicallyacceptthem.Therefore,catslikelydon’thaveastrongsenseofwhichkittensare“theirs”.Theytakecareofwhicheverkittensareintheirnestingbox.However,catstypicallyusesmelltorecognizeothercatsthattheyknow.Kittensthatspendtimeinamother’snestingboxwillusuallybecaredforbythatmother,asthey“smell”likeherkittens.Thisistrueevenifthekittensaren’tbiologicallyhers.Therefore,themothercatdoesn’tknowwhichkittensshegavebirthto.However,thereisasenseofwhichkittensare“hers”basedonwhichonesareinhernestingboxandsmelllikeit.Ifanykittensdisappear,shewilllikelynoticeandlookforthem.Butthatisn’talwaystrue.Sometimes,catsdon’trealizethattheyhavefewerkittens.Whenthekittensgrow,themothermayrecognizethattheyareherkittensiftheyarekeptaroundandnotseparated.However,shewon’tdevelopthesamemother-childrelationshipthathumansdo.Catstypicallydon’tform“family”ties.23.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobymentioninghumanrelationshipsinParagraph1?

A．Highlightadifference.B．Giveasuggestion.C．Makeanassumption.D．Expressadoubt.24.Catsareabletoknowwhotheirmothersarebecauseoftheir________.

A．strongattachmentsB．inbornskillsC．biologicalrelationshipD．sharedsmell25.Regardingamother’srelationshipwithherkittens,wecanlearnthat________.

A．mothers’lovefortheirkittenslastsalifetimeB．motherswillmisstheirkittensiftheyareseparatedC．mothersdon’talwaysrememberwhichkittenstheygavebirthtoD．mothersdriveawaytheirkittenswhentheyareabout12weeksold26.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A．Toshowwhycatsfailtoidentifytheirlittermates.B．Topointoutwhenkittenstendtoleavetheirmothers.C．Toexplorewhatfactorsaffectmother-kittenrecognition.D．Toexplainhowtostrengthencats’mother-childrelationship.(★★★)A2023studyfromtheUniversityofBathfoundthatyoungergenerationshavehigherlevelsofperfectionism,orhavingexceptionallyhighstandardsandbeingoverlyself-critical,comparedwithpreviousgenerationsatthesameperiodintheirlives.Usingdatatakenfrom40,000NorthAmericanandBritishuniversitystudents,researchersfoundevidencethattheextenttowhichyoungpeopleplaceanunreasonableimportanceon“beingperfect”hadincreased.Growingcompetitionforuniversityplacesandjobs,andincreasinglystrictparentswerelistedamongcontributingfactors.TheWorldEconomicForumdescribesitasa“hiddenwaveofperfectionism”andconnectsperfectionismwithseriousmentalillnessessuchasdepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.ClinicalpsychologistEllenHendriksensaysthatperfectionismisn’tnecessarilyaboutbeingperfect;instead,it’saboutneverbeinggoodenough.“It’saninnerpushtodomore,andalwaysbebetterbut,eventually,itcostsusmorethanitbuysus,”shesays.Ofcoursethereisnothingwrongwithsimplywantingtodowellandhavinghighstandardsforyourself.So,whendoesthisbecomeaproblem?Ellensaysithastodowiththereasonwhyyou’repursuing(追求)something.“There’sadifferencebetweendoingsomethingaswellasyoucanandmakingsomethingperfect.Ifyouenjoythejourneyofdoingsomething,that’sgreat.Butifyou’redoingitbecauseyouwanttoproveyou’regoodenough—that’swhatperfectionismis.”Whatarethetell-talesignsthatyou’reaperfectionist?Onecommoncharacteristicofperfectionismisprocrastination(拖延),butnotforthereasonsyoumightnormallyattachtoit,suchaslaziness.“Oftenperfectionistsfearthatthey’renotgoingtobeabletoperformtothelevelthatothersmightexpect,orthattheendresultwon’tbegoodenough,”Ellenexplains,“soit’snotactuallytheavoidanceofatask;it’savoidanceofnegativeemotionsconnectedwithatask.”Otherelementsofperfectionismcanbeseeninthewaythesepeoplemakedecisions.Therearetwoextremes:thosewhomakequickdecisionsandbelievethattheyareabsolutelymakingthe“correct”or“right”decision,andotherswhoaresoworriedaboutmakingthewrongdecision,andregretthattheyspendtoomuchtimeagonizingoverit,researching,weighingadvantagesanddisadvantagesandtalkingtopeopleforencouragement.Sohowdowebreakfreefromperfectionism?Itstartswithchallengingtheoriginalbeliefsthatdriveit.Perfectionismisoftenrootedinfear—fearoffailure,criticism,ornotbeinggoodenough.Askingourselvesquestionslike,“What’stheworstthatcouldhappenifthisisn’tperfect?”canhelpusputthingsintoperspective(正确认识).Bylettinggoofthefearofimperfection,wefreeourselvestotakerisks,becomemorecreative,andreachourtruepotential27.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A．HowperfectionismharmsyoungpeopleB．Whythereexistsahiddenwaveofperfectionism.C．Whenperfectionismmayleadtomentalillnesses.D．Whatdrivesyoungergenerationstopursueperfection.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．Doingone’sbesttypicallymarksperfectionism.B．Thepursuitofperfectionisthemaincauseofmentalissues.C．Rushingintodecisionscausesmoreproblemsthanweighingoptions.D．Fearoffailureplaysakeyroleinconnectingperfectionismandprocrastination.29.Whatdoesthephrase“agonizingover”underlinedinParagraph6probablymean?

A．Insistingon.B．Strugglingwith.C．Cryingover.D．Dreamingabout.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．ThePriceofPerfection:PerfectionismHoldsYouBackB．TheLieofPerfection:UnrealisticGoalsWorsenAnxietyC．TheRootofPerfectionism:FearofNotBeingGoodEnoughD．TheTrapofPerfectionism:WantingtoBePerfectCausesSelf-Doubt三、选词填空(★★)用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。

losecurrentadmirefound

performenergymemory31.JaneGoodall,the________ofRoots&Shoots,madeatriptoChinathispastApriltodevelopheryoutheco-educationprogram.32.________,thepriceofcoffeebeansislow,butitmightincreasesoon.33.Despiteheroldage,ourTaijiteacherremains________andflexible.34.Theband’slive________atthemusicfestivalattractedthousandsofpeople.35.Therecentfloodingresultedinaheavyagricultural________,destroying80%ofthelocalcrops.36.IttookKevinonlytwodaysto________allhislinesfortheplay.37.TuYouyou’scommitmenttoherworkisso________thatithasinspiredpeoplefromallfields.四、语法填空(★)38.Canyouimagine________(see)theearthfromouterspace?(所给词的适当形式填空)(★)39.________(understand)thepoemfurther,studentscanlookupsomeinformationaboutthepoet.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★)40.Therescueteamrushedtothemountainvillage________heavyrainfallhadcausedlandslides.(用适当的词填空)(★)41.________hesawinthedocumentarymadehimreflectontheimpactofclimatechange.(用适当的词填空)(★★)42.Rememberingwordsletterbyletter________(be)notthebestwaytolearnEnglish.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★)43.Thetoolwith________hefixedthecarisveryexpensive.(用适当的词填空)(★★)44.Alltheactivities________(prepare)fortheguestsarelistedinthebrochure.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★)45.Onethingtoconsideris________youcanturntoforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.(用适当的词填空)(★)46.Thecaraccident________(occur)shortlyafterthetrafficlightturnedgreen.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★)47.Theprojectinvolvesteammembers________(range)frombeginnerstoseniorexperts.(所给词的适当形式填空)五、翻译(★★★)48.我们不应该背弃自然。(turnone’sbackon)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________________________(★★★)49.我不在的时候你能负责会议吗?(takechargeof)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________________________(★★)50.Mike购物时总是使用布袋，为环境保护尽一份力。(doone’spartfor)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________________________(★★★)51.老师们想了解学生通常如何去学校。(从句)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________________________(★★)52.他们在山里迷路了，最后走了两个小时才找到出去的路。(endupdoing)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________________________六、阅读理解(★★)阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。Caveexplorationisanexcitingactivitywherepeoplegotoexploreanunknowncave.Whenitcomestoexploringcaves,“spelunking”and“caving”arealwaysused.In1940,anAmericancavernamedClayPerrywroteaboutagroupofcaveexplorerswhocalledthemselvesspelunkers.Itwasthefirsttimethatthewordhadbeenheardincaveexplorationcircles.ThewordspelunkercomesfromtheLatinwordspelunca,whichmeanscavern,cave,ordeninEnglish.Also,thewordspeluncaitselfcomesfromtheGreekwordSpelynkwhichsimplymeanscave.Ontheotherhand,thewordcavingcomesfromtheLatinwordcaveaorcavern.Thiswordmeanstocave.Cavingandspelunkingareactuallythesame,butverydifferentinsomeways.Thedifferencebetweenthesetwotermsbegantosurfaceinthe1960swhenrealcaveexp