广东2025自考区域国别学英语二主观题专练

广东2025自考[区域国别学]英语（二）主观题专练题型一：简答题（每题10分，共2题）1.DiscussthesignificanceofregionalintegrationinEastAsia,particularlyfocusingontheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)andtheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnership(RCEP).Answer:RegionalintegrationinEastAsiahasplayedapivotalroleinfosteringeconomicgrowth,politicalcooperation,andculturalexchangeamongitsmemberstates.ASEAN,establishedin1967,hasbeenthecornerstoneofregionalcollaboration,promotingpeace,stability,andeconomicdevelopmentthroughitsprinciplesofnon-interference,consultation,andconsensus.KeyachievementsincludetheestablishmentoftheASEANEconomicCommunity(AEC),whichaimstocreateasinglemarketandproductionbase,enhancecompetitiveeconomicstrength,andpromotebusinessmobility.RCEP,signedin2020,representsabroaderanddeeperformofeconomicintegration,encompassingASEANplusChina,Japan,SouthKorea,Australia,andNewZealand.Itcoverstradeingoodsandservices,investment,intellectualproperty,digitaltrade,andcompetitionpolicy.RCEP’ssignificanceliesinitscomprehensivescope,whichsurpassestheASEANTradeinGoodsAgreement(ATIGA)andtheComprehensiveandProgressiveAgreementforTrans-PacificPartnership(CPTPP).Itaimstostreamlinetradeprocedures,reducetariffs,andenhancesupplychainresilience,particularlyinthecontextoftheglobaleconomy’sshifttowardregionalism.However,challengesremain,suchasdifferingeconomicstructuresandpoliticalprioritiesamongmemberstates.China’sroleinRCEPhasbeenadouble-edgedsword,fosteringcooperationwhilealsoraisingconcernsaboutdependency.Nonetheless,regionalintegrationinEastAsiacontinuestostrengthen,drivenbysharedinterestsineconomicgrowthandstability.2.AnalyzetheimpactofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)onthepoliticaleconomyofSoutheastAsia.Answer:TheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI),launchedbyChinain2013,hassignificantlyinfluencedthepoliticaleconomyofSoutheastAsiathroughinfrastructuredevelopment,tradefacilitation,anddiplomaticengagement.Onthepositiveside,theBRIhasfinancednumerousprojects,includingports,highways,andenergyinfrastructure,whichhaveimprovedconnectivityandeconomicefficiencyintheregion.Forinstance,thePortofHaikouinChinaandtheSingaporeanportinMyanmarhaveenhancedmaritimetraderoutes,benefitingcountrieslikeVietnamandthePhilippines.However,theBRIhasalsosparkeddebatesoverdebtsustainability,environmentalconcerns,andpoliticaldependence.SomeSoutheastAsiannations,suchasLaosandCambodia,havefacedcriticismforhighborrowingcostsandlimitedtransparencyinBRIprojects.TheMekongRiverdams,forexample,haveraisedenvironmentalandsocialissues,affectinglocalcommunitiesandecosystems.Politically,theBRIhasstrengthenedChina’sinfluenceinSoutheastAsia,ascountriesincreasinglyrelyonBeijingforfundingandinfrastructuredevelopment.Thishasledtoshiftsinregionaldynamics,withsomeanalystsarguingthattheBRImayalterthebalanceofpowerbetweentheU.S.andChina.Nevertheless,SoutheastAsiannationshavemaintainedapragmaticapproach,seekingtomaximizebenefitswhilemitigatingrisks.Theinitiative’slong-termimpactwilldependonhowwellcountriesmanagedebt,ensuretransparency,andalignBRIprojectswithsustainabledevelopmentgoals.题型二：论述题（每题15分，共2题）3.ExaminetheroleofEnglishasalinguafrancainthecontextofglobaleconomiccooperationinEastAsia.Answer:EnglishhasemergedasacriticallinguafrancainEastAsia,facilitatingeconomiccooperation,trade,andcross-culturalcommunication.Inaregioncharacterizedbylinguisticdiversity—whereMandarin,Japanese,Korean,andnumerouslocallanguagescoexist—Englishprovidesacommonmediumforbusiness,diplomacy,andeducation.Itsdominanceisevidentininternationaltradeagreements,corporatecommunications,andmultilateralforumsliketheEastAsiaSummit(EAS)andtheASEANBusinessCouncil.EconomiccooperationinEastAsiahasbeensignificantlyenhancedbyEnglish.MultinationalcorporationsoperatingintheregionrelyonEnglishforglobalsupplychains,investorrelations,andmarketexpansion.Forinstance,JapaneseandKoreanautomakersuseEnglishtomanageinternationalproductionnetworks,whileChinesecompaniesseekingforeigninvestmentoftencommunicateinEnglishtoattractglobalpartners.TheriseofEnglish-mediumeducation,suchastheproliferationofEnglish-languageuniversitiesandbusinessschools,hasfurthersolidifieditsroleinhumancapitaldevelopment.However,therelianceonEnglishalsoraiseschallenges.Non-nativespeakersinSoutheastAsia,suchasVietnamandIndonesia,mayfacedifficultiesinprofessionalsettings,limitingtheirparticipationinhigh-valueeconomicactivities.Additionally,thedominanceofEnglishhasbeencriticizedformarginalizinglocallanguagesandcreatinginequalitiesinaccesstoeconomicopportunities.Policymakersareincreasinglyadvocatingformultilingualapproaches,combiningEnglishwithregionallanguagestofosterinclusivity.Despitethesechallenges,EnglishremainsindispensableinEastAsia’seconomiclandscape.ItscontinuedrelevanceunderscorestheneedforpoliciesthatpromotelinguisticequitywhileleveragingEnglishasatoolforgrowthandcooperation.4.DiscussthechallengesandopportunitiesofdigitaltransformationinSoutheastAsia’sagriculturalsector.Answer:SoutheastAsia’sagriculturalsectorfacessignificantchallengesinkeepingpacewithdigitaltransformation,despiteitspotentialtoenhanceproductivityandsustainability.Traditionalfarmingpractices,relianceonsmallholders,andlimitedaccesstotechnologyhavehinderedthesector’sadoptionofdigitalsolutions.However,emergingtechnologiessuchasprecisionagriculture,blockchain,andmobileapplicationsareofferingnewopportunitiestoaddresstheseissues.Oneoftheprimarychallengesisthedigitaldivide.ManyfarmersinSoutheastAsialackaccesstosmartphones,internetconnectivity,anddigitalliteracy,makingitdifficulttoadopttechnology-drivenfarmingmethods.Forexample,inruralCambodiaandthePhilippines,traditionalrain-fedagriculturepersists,whileneighboringcountrieslikeSingaporeandMalaysiahaveembracedhigh-techfarming.Thisdisparityhighlightstheneedfortargetedinvestmentsininfrastructureandeducationtobridgethegap.Opportunitiesfordigitaltransformationareabundant.Precisionagriculture,usingIoTsensorsanddrones,canoptimizewaterusage,soilhealth,andcropyields.Blockchaintechnologycanenhancesupplychaintransparency,reducingfraudandimprovingfoodsafety.Mobileapplications,suchasthosedevelopedbythePhilippines’DepartmentofAgriculture,providefarmerswithreal-timeweatherupdates,marketprices,andagriculturaladvice.Theseinnovationsnotonlyincreaseefficiencybutalsoempowersmallholderswithdata-drivendecision-makingtools.Additionally,digitaltransformationcansupportsustainabilityefforts.Smartirrigationsystemscanreducewaterwaste,whileAI-drivencropmonitoringcanminimizepesticideuse.PolicymakersincountrieslikeThailandandIndonesiaareexploringpublic-privatepartnershipstopromotedigitalfarming,recognizingitspotentialtoboostfoodsecurityandruraleconomies.Inconclusion,whilechallengespersist,digitaltransformationofferstransformativepotentialforSoutheastAsia’sagriculturalsector.Byaddressingthedigitaldivideandleveragingemergingtechnologies,theregioncanachievemoreefficient,sustainable,andequitablefoodproduction.题型三：案例分析题（每题20分，共1题）5.AnalyzethecaseofVietnam’seconomictransformationsincetheĐổiMớireformsof1986,focusingonitsintegrationintotheglobaleconomy.Answer:Vietnam’seconomictransformationsincetheĐổiMới(Renovation)reformsof1986standsasaremarkablecasestudyofsuccessfuldevelopmentthroughglobalizationandregionalintegration.Priorto1986,Vietnam’scentrallyplannedeconomyfacedstagnation,foodshortages,andinternationalisolation.TheĐổiMớireformsmarkedaturningpoint,shiftingthecountrytowardamarket-orientedsystem,reducingstatecontrol,andopeninguptoforeigninvestment.OneofthemostsignificantoutcomesofĐổiMớiwasVietnam’sincreasedengagementwiththeglobaleconomy.ThecountryaccededtotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)in2007,signingfreetradeagreements(FTAs)withmajoreconomies,includingtheEU-VietnamFTA(2020)andtheRCEP.TheseagreementshavefacilitatedVietnam’sexportgrowth,particularlyinelectronics,textiles,andagriculture.Vietnamhasbecomethesecond-largestsupplierofelectronicstotheU.S.andakeyplayeringlobalsupplychains.RegionalintegrationhasbeenacornerstoneofVietnam’seconomicstrategy.JoiningASEANin1995andlatertheAEChasboostedintra-regionaltradeandinvestment.Thedevelopmentofindustrialzones,suchasBắcNinhandĐồngNai,hasattractedmultinationalcorporationslikeSamsungandIntel,transformingVietnamintoamanufacturinghub.However,challengesremain,includinglaborshortages,infrastructurebottlenecks,andenvironmentalc