2026外研版高考英语一轮复习 Unit6 Disaster and hope教案

必修第三册

Unit6

Disasterandhope

©主题语统：人与自然（自然灾害及其防范、安全常识与自我保护）

自主学习夯实基础

Part1单元词汇分类自测

5.housesburiedbyalandslide

被滑坡掩埋的房屋

阅读Lahelicopterpilot一名直升机驾

6.aweathersatellite气象人

词汇驶员

造卫星

2.aplastictube塑料管子

7.naturaldisasters自然灾

语境3.cost£10,000plus耗资万余英镑

建

识意4.thesoutherncounties南部各郡

8.victimsofthehurricane

飓风的受害者

第一组：动词变形

6.disastern.灾难，灾祸

1.occurv.发生-*（过去式/过去分词）

fdisastrousadj.灾难性的

occurredf（动词-ing形式）

7.sufficienladj.足够的，充足的

occuuring-occurrencen.发生；出现；

->sufficiently〃而充分地，足够

存在

地fsufficiency〃.足量，充足

2.cruptv.（火山）爆发，喷发feruption

拓展8.immediate•.立刻的；立即的

n.爆发，喷发

词汇-immediatelyadv.即刻，马上

3.relyv.信赖，可靠freliable可信赖

9.exception〃.例外；除外

的，可靠的-*reliably〃面.可靠地

变形fexceptional〃力.特别的;杰出

reliabilityn.可靠性

拼写的fexceplionaHyadv.极其，非

4.announcev.宣布；声称；播报

常

announcementn.通告，公告

10.emergencyn.紧急情况，不

announcern.广播员；播音员

测事件femergentadj.紧急的

第二组：名词和形容词变形

11.precise〃切.精确的，准确的

5t.hreatn.威胁；构成威胁的人（或事

fprecisely〃加.精确地,准确地

物）—threatenu,威胁到，危及

-*threatened,必.受到威胁的

•掌握规律•词汇拓展・

名词后缀・y/・iy表示性质、状态、动作或结果。

①injure伤害finjury伤，损害©discover发现一discovery发现③deliver

递送fdelivery襟送④recover恢复frecovery恢复；痊愈©honest诚实的

-*honesty诚实⑥difficult困难的fdifficulty困难©modest谦虚的fmodesty

谦虚⑧safe安全的fsafety安全

1.(2024•浙江1月卷)Butitcan7.Thescientistisstudyingtheeffectsof

certainlykeepmeentertainedclimatechangeoccurring(occur)inour

whileIwaitformywifetoenvironment.

rescue(rescue)me.学生用书第140页

2.(2024•全国甲卷)That'swhy8.Thecarcrashclaimed(claim)threelives.

mostpetcatsareabletotell9.Manyemergent(emergency)

immediately(immediate)iftheirtechnologiesarechanginghowwe

ownerswerearoundanyothercommunicatewitheachothereveryday.

核心

cats,whichtheydon'tusually10.1sawachildgrabbing(grab)candy

词汇

like.fromthestorewhennoonewaswatching

3.(2021•全国乙卷)Thecollapsehim.

单句

wasdisastrous(disaster),11.Thecatclimbedupthetreeandneeded

应用

requiringtheemergencymedicalhelptoberescued(rescue)byitsowner.

teamandgoodteamwork.12.Maryannouncedtoherteammatesthat

4.Asweallknow,pollutionisshewastomarryaChineseboy.The

threatening(threat)marinelife.announcementoftheirmarriagewill

5.Nobodyknowspreciselyappearinthelocalnewspapernext

(precise)howmanypeopleareweek.(announce)

stilllivinginthecamp.!3.Johnisveryreliable-ifhepromisesto

6.Wewillwanderintraditionaldosomething,hewilldoit,soyoucanrely

smalltownsandendourtouronhimtohelpyouwhenyouarein

withanexceptional(exception)trouble.(rely)

museuminShanghai.

Part2短语句式教材精选

【.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空

turninto,afterall,haveyetto,lookoutfor,allofasudden,consistof,sort

of,makeit,headfbr,compare...to/with,sufferfrom,intheopenair,lookthrough,

reflectoff,leaveout,upanddown

1.Ihaveyettofinishmyhomework,soIwillstayuplatetonight.

2.Itiswheredeadleavestuniintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.

3.Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlack

ofpropertreatment.

4.He'snottoblame.AfteralLitisIhefirsttimehe'sdoneit.

5.Yourtaskoftheactivityconsislsenjoyingthemovie,havingaheated

discussionafterwardsandgivingyourowncomments.

6.AHofasuddentherewasaterrificbangandaflashofsmoke.

7.Afterwehadadiscussion,wedecidedtoheadforthenearestshelter.

8.Ineedsomemoney.rmgoingtolookthioughthenewspaperforaholidayjob.

9.WeenjoyedalovelypicnicintheopenairattheparklastSunday.

10.Whenyou'rewalkinginthecityalnight,youshouldalwayslookout「or

pickpockets.

H.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子

1.我们的排练是紧张的，充满了笑声，有时还有挫折。(动词-ed形式短语作

状语)

Ourrehearsalswereintense,filledwithlaughter,andsometimesfrustration.

2.这本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。(动词-ed形式短语作定语)

ThisbookwrilteninsimpleEnglishissuitableforbeginners.

3.(2023•浙江1月卷)我一抱起她,她就停止了挣扎。(theinstant)

SheceasedherstruggletheinstantIpickedherup.

ItwasthebraveyoungmanthatrescuedIhepooroldmanfromtheburning

house.

③Ittookrescuers(rescue)90minutestoreachthetrappedmen.

④［中国元素］在共同努力下，组织和个人联合拯救和修复中国濒危文化遗产,

供子孙后代欣赏和保存。

Withjointefforts,organizationsandindividualshavejoinedforcestorescueand

restoreendangeredChineseculturalheritagesitesforfuturegenerationstoappreciate

andcherish.

Bcompare…to…表明...与相似；将比作

巧归纳

(l)compare...with...

把……和……相比较

(2)comparedto/with...

和……相比(通常作状语)

(3)beyond/withoutcompare

无与伦比；举世无双

(4)comparisonn.比较

by/incomparisonwith...

与……相比

makeacomparisonwith...

@Itisdifficulttomakeacomparison(compare)withherpreviousbook-they

arecompletelydifferent.

②Myfinalexamwasabreezecompared(compare)withthedifficultyI'dgone

throughtogettoit.

③［读后续写之主旨升华句］与一辆新自行车用比，老师的鼓励似乎更有效地

帮助男孩克服了恐惧。

Comparedtoanewbike,encouragementfromateacherseemedmoreeffectiveto

helptheboyconquerfear.

④(2023•新课标II卷)Kidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestothe

animalsofYellowstone.

Part2经典句式写作迂移

■句型公式：themoment等名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句

巧归纳

有些名词短语/副词可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句：

①theinstant/moment/second/minute,相当于assoonas（一...就）

@every/each/next/lasttime每次/下次/上次；thefirst/second...time第一/二...

次

@instantly/immediately/directly就

①Immediately（immediate）hearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.

②（2022♦浙江1月卷）每次离开实验室前，他都会非常小心地检查数据，他的

脸色异常苍白和憔悴。

Everytimehecheckedth。datawithgreatcautionbeforeleavingthelab,hisface

wassurprisinglypaleanddrawn.

③我的目光落在她身上的那一刻，一股感激之情涌上心头。

Themomentmyeyesfellonhec,awaveofappreciationsurgedthroughme.

④（2024.新课标卷读后续写）我一下飞机，就像疯了一样穿过机场大楼，毫不

犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。

ThemomentIgotoff>hcplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingand

jumpedintothefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.

学生用书第142页

Part3语境辨义举一反三

【.熟词生义（写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思）

1.（2024•浙江1月卷）Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicalto

makesmallicccrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.

威胁性的

2.（2024•新课标I卷）Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsare

partlyrelatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties.〃.特性

3.Shewaspassedbyseveralrunnersinthelastlap.”.（跑道的）一圈

4.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoung

men.ado.在其他方面

5.Hewasveryold,andhisheadwastoppedwithacloudoffine,snow-white

hair.。.上面覆盖着

6.Nottrustinghisvoice,hecuppedherfacebetweenhishandsanddrewitto

him.。.使(双手)成圆状托起

7.Theycouldn'ttouchhim.Hewasamasterpiece0.比得上

8.Imoonedmywaythroughgradeandhighschool.。.虚度(时间)

H.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义)

1.shelter

A.几居所，住处B.a使免交税

C.。.躲避D.。.保护，掩蔽

①(2024.浙•江1月卷)1meantomakeanactualphonecall——nottoshelterfrom

therain.C

②Humanbeingsneedfood,clothingandshelter.A

③Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.D

2.p加s

A.pwp.加B.M/.零度以上的，零上的

C.a4•.额外的D.好处，优势

①Thecostis$205,plus$3forshipping.A

②Oneofthehotel'splusesisthatitisverycentral.D

@Thetemperatureisplusfourdegrees.B

随堂巩固深度拓展

I.语篇语境综合线（语境创新一词汇再练）

Itwasadisastrousnightwhentheearthquake1.occurred(occur).Maryheardan

announcementontheradio,sayingthateveryoneshouldleavetheirhomes

2.immediately(immediate).Shegrabbedheremergencykitandranout.

Thesituationwaschaotic.Manypeoplewereinjuredandneeded3.rescuing/tobe

rescued(rescue).Thelackofa4.reliable(rely)communicationsystemmadethings

worse.The5.emergency(emergent)servicesweredoing【heirbest,bulthedamage

wasexlensive.Therewas6.athreatoffurtheraftershocks,andnoonefeltsafe.

Despitethe7.disastrous(disaster)event,Marysawhopeinthecommunity's

response.Volunteersandneighborshelpedeachotherwithoutexception.Thefoodand

watersupplieswerenot8.sufficient(sufficiency),buttheymanagedtosharewhatlittle

theyhad.

Dayslater,the9.announcement(announce)ofinternationalaidbroughtrelief.The

rescuersarrivedIQ.precisely(precise)whenneeded.Peoplestartedtorebuildtheirlives,

showingthateveninthedarkesttimes,hopecanshinebrightly.

n.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译)

1.(2024•新课标H卷)Campbell'spointistowakeupthoseresponsiblefor

AI—thetechnologycompanies

学生用书第143页

andworldleaders-sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrently

developingit.

［剖析］本句是so连接的并列复合句。前面分句主干是主系表结构

Campbell'spointistowake叩…,破折号中间内容用于解释说明those；so后面分

句也是主系表结构theyareonthesamepage,currentlydevelopingit作定语修饰名

词expertso

［翻译］坎贝尔的观点是要唤醒那些负责人工智能的人——科技公司和世界

领导人一所以他们与目前开发人工智能的所有专家意见一致。

2.(2023•新课标II卷)Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreven

throwaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks-transforming

covers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

［剖析］本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为主谓宾状结构artistshave

usedihemastherawmaterial...；破折号后transforming…为动词-ing形式短语，起

到解释说明前文内容的作用；as引导原因状语从句。

［翻译］最近，由于书籍变得便宜，甚至是一次性的，艺术家们把它们作为

艺术品的原材料——把封面、5页甚至整卷竹变成绘画和雕塑。

3.(2022•新高考I卷)Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,and

otherresourcesusedtogrowit.

［剖析］本句是一个复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构Producingfoodwastes

thewater,fuel,andotherresources,其中主语是动词-ing形式短语Producingfood。

that引导定语从句，修饰food；usedtogrowit是动词-ed形式短语，作定语修饰

resourceso此处usedto意为“被用来……”，并不是固定短语“过去常常”的用

法。

［翻译］生产没人吃的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用来培植这种食物所用的

资源。

情境迁移

I.应用文写作增分练——自然灾害（介绍如何应对洪灾）

结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作并背诵。

［基础语料1

单元disaster,immediately,occur,announcement,claim*precisely,otherwise,

词汇haveyetto,reliable,threat,nowhere

经典

but转折并列句；省略引导词的宾语从句

句型

［情境呈现］

你校上周开展了一次有关自然灾害的研学活动。活动过后，同学们对保护大

自然有了更深的认识。请你以“Astudyactivitytrip”为题写一篇短文向英文报Teen

Times投稿。

［思路点拨］

人称以第一人称为主

时态以一般过去时和一般现在时为主

内容要第一段引出主题（去研学）一第二段介绍过程一结尾表达感想和

点线索意义

［写作输出］

Astudyactivitytrip

Atourschool,werecentlywentonastudytripfocusingonnatural

disasters.(1)Theannouncementofthetripwasmetwithimmediateinterestfrom

sludenls,eagerlolearnhowtofacesuchthreats（这次旅行的宣布立即引起了学生们

的兴趣，他们渴望学习如何面对这种威胁；announcement,threat）.

Throughthisexperience,wegainedadeeperunderstandingoftheimportanceof

protectingnature.(2)Welearned(that)disastersdon'toccuroutofnowhere(我彳门认识

到灾难不会无缘无故地发生；occur,nowhere,disaster);theyareoftentheresultof

environmentalimbalances.(3)Wehaveyettofindcompletelyreliablewaysropredict

disasters,butwecanhelploreducetheirimpact(我们还没有找到完全可靠的方法来

预测灾害，但我们可以帮助减少它们的影响；haveyetto；reliable；转折并列句).

Thetriptaughtusthateveryactioncounts.Ilwasareminderthat(4)wemusttake

immediatestepstoprotectourplanet,otherwisewewouldriskfacingmoredisastrous

consequences(我们必须立即采取措施保护我们的地球,否则我们将面临更多灾难

性后果的风险：otherwise).

学生用书第144页

［变式表达］

用被动句和therebe句型改写句(4)。

Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoprotectourplanet,orelsetherewouldbe

moredisastrousconsequences.

H.读后续写微点练——大雪天救助小狗(悲伤难过)

［基础语料］

sad悲伤的

sorrowful悲伤的

tearful含泪的

heartbroken心碎的

词汇disheartened沮丧的

depressed沮丧的

downinIhedumps情绪低落

feelingblue感到忧郁

onthevergeoftears泪眼汪汪

句式hugging和rocking动词-ing形式作状语；独立主格结构；with复合结构；

as引导状语从句

l.Shewassobbinguncontrollably,herheartachingwithgrief.

她无法控制地抽泣着，心中充满了悲伤。

2.Thenewsoftheaccidentlefteveryoneinastateofshockanddespair.

事故的消息让每个人都陷入了震惊和绝望。

3.Theroomwasfilledwithaheavysilence>reflectingthesadnessofthe

moment.

细节

房间里充满了沉重的寂静，反映了那一刻的悲伤。

描写

4.Hervoicetrembledasshespokeoftheloss,hereyesbrimmingwith

tears.

她说起损失时声音颤抖，眼里充满了泪水。

5.Thesoundoftherainmatchedtherhythmofhertearsasshegrievedfor

thepast.

当她为过去悲伤时，雨声和她眼泪的节奏相吻合。

［情境呈现］

（2025•江南十校联考•读后续写）

一只被遗弃的小狗在Lacey家附近徘徊fDoris在清扫门前台阶上的大雪时

发现了这只小狗“Doris把小狗带回了家，父母并不知情•小狗在地下室安顿下来,

Doris喂它吃剩饭一小狗表现得很好，不吵不闹，并且似乎渴望陪伴一尽管Doris

努力说服父母，但他们对于是否可以养这只狗没有给出明确的答复一Doris内心希

望恶劣天气持续，这样小狗就不会被送到收容所一小狗到来的九天后，天气放晴

了一……

［思路点拨1

文体：记叙文人称：第三人称时态：一般过去时为主

续写思路：根据所给句子Dorisknewitwastimetosaygoodbyetothe

dogandfeltratherworried.知，接下来故事可能会继续描述Doris

与父母进行最后的沟通，看是否有可能改变他们的决定。或者探讨

Doris的内心挣扎，她对小狗的感情以及她对小狗未来的担忧。

［写作输出］

Dorisknewitwastimetosaygoodbyetothedogandfeltratherworried.（1）She

wassittingaloneinihelivingroom,huggingapillowandrockingbackandforthon

theedgeofachair（她一个人坐在客厅里,抱着枕头，在椅了•边上来回摇晃；hugging

和rocking动词-ing形式作状语）.Shewastryingnottocrybutshewasnotstrong

enough.（2）Herfacewaswetandred,hereyesfullofsadness（她的脸又湿又红，眼睛

里.充满了悲伤；独立主格结构）.（3）JustasDoriswasatherlowest,herparents

appearedfromthedoorway（正当Doris处于最低谷时，她的父母从门口出现了；as

引导状语从句）.（4）WithasmileonMrs.Lacey'sface,shesaid（Mrs.Lacev脸上带着

微笑,她说；with复合结构）,“Honey,PapaandIhaveagreedtokeepthepuppyas

apartofourfamily.n

［变式表达］

用“xitiing动词-ing形式作状语”结构改写句（1”

Sittingaloneinthelivingroom,shehuggedapillowandrockedbackandforthon

theedgeofachair.

对应学生

单元测评18Unit6Disasterandhope用书P393

（时间：30分钟满分：45分）

（本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！）

I.阅读理解（本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分）

A

（2025•浙江1月卷）

OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm（雹暴）inCanadianhistoryhit

Calgary'ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanies

havespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbcrlaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanes

seedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrain

beforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-central

Alberta-downwindofthehailprojectflights-worrythatpreciousmoisture（水分）is

beingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.

NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetings

onthisissueforyears.uBasically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurance

companiesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,"Mr.Stienwandsays,

“butthey'reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”

TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwho

worksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota."Weaffectonlyavery

smallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecausingdrought,”

Dr.Krausssays.4tInfact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindby

creatingwetterground.”

OnedoubleraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearch

scientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma."In1999,1personallysaw

significanttornadoes（龙卷风）formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,"Dr.Doswell

*ay*.”Doe*cloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noone

reallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.,,

Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,<citwouldbewisetostop

cloudseeding.^^Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackof

scientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuit

againstcloud-sccdingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedin

relativelegalsafety.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大艾伯塔省实施防

雹项目，对于该项目人们态度不一。

1.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?

A.Conservemoistureinthesoil.

B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.

C.Forecastdiscislivushailslonns.

D.Investigatechemicaluseinfanning.

答案：B

解析:细节理解题，根据第一段中“Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurance

companies...beforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.”可知，这个项目的目标

是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。

2.Whoareopposedtotheproject?

A.Farmersineast-centralAlberta.

B.Managersofinsurancecompanies.

C.Provincialgovernmentofficials.

D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton.

答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butfarmersineast-central

Alberta-downwindofthehailprojectflights-worrythatpreciousmoisture（水分）is

beingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.n可知，艾伯塔省中东部的

农民反对这个项目。故选A项。

3.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?

A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.

B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.

C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.

D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.

答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，DosweD博士提到他在1999

年看到的龙卷风是为了提示播云可能带来的危险。故选C项。

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.

B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.

C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.

D.Cloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoexist.

答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Duetothelackofscientificproof

concerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainst

cloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelative

legalsafety."可推知，播云公司将继续存在。故选D项。

B

(2025•天域全国名校协作体联考)

“THEANTANDTHEZEBRA”soundslikethetitleofanAesop'sfable.Like

allgoodfables,thisonehasamoral,whichisthattinkeringwithnaturehas

unpredictableconscqucnccs.UnlikctheGreekoriginals,though,thisfableisreal.

ThestoryplaysoutinLaikipiaCounty,Kenya.Thecharactersincludebig-headed

ants,aninvasivespecies,thenativeacaciaants,theseinvasiveantshavegradually

beenreplacing,thewhistling-thorntreeswherebothsortsofantslive,acastof

elephants,lions,zebrasandbuffalo,andDouglasKamaru,aKenyanbiologistinthe

UniversityofWyoming.AsMr.KamarureportsthisweekinScience,theantinvasion

hassetoffacomplicatedchainofconsequenceswhichhashelpedzebrasatthe

expenseofbuffalo-thusillustratingaphenomenoncalled“trophiccascade”.

Itworkslikethis.Whistling-thornshaveco-evolvedwiththelocalants.Thetrees

providetheantswithshelterandfood,intheformoflarge,hollowthornsintowhich

theyproducenutritiousnectar(蜜汁).Theants,meanwhile,protectthetreesbyseeing

offthechiefthreattothem,thelocalelephants,whicharenotkeentofeedontrees

crawlingwithbitinginsects.

Acaciaants'habitatisthicklycarpetedwithwhistling-thorns.Big-hcadcdants,

however,arenotgoodatkeepingtheelephantsatbay.Theelephantsmoveinandbite

thetrees,removingmuchofthearea'scover.Thatupsetsthelocallions,whichoften

usethiscovertohidewhenhuntingzebra.Tocompensate,thelionsswitchtohunting

buffalo,whicharemoredangerous,butlessfleetoffoot.

Mr.Kamaruhaspulnumberstotheprocess,too.Ininvadedareas,elephantsbreak

treesfivetosevenlimesasoftenasinuninvadedones.Andinthoseuninvadedplaces,

zebrakillsarcalmoblllucclimesasfruqucnlasin11IUinvadedones.Indued,bulwueu

2003and2()2(),asthebig-headedantshavespread,thepercentageoflocallionkills

wherethevictimwasazebrafellfrom67%to42%.Overthesameperiod,the

percentageofkillsthatv/erebuffalorosefromzeroto42%.Whetherthebuffaloblame

theantsfortheirmisfortune,nooneknows.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因外来蚂蚁入侵而引发

的生态系统的一系列连锁反应。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tinkeringwith“probablymeaninthefirst

paragraph?

A.Makingchangesto.B.Payingattentionto.

C.Findingfaultwith.D.Showingrespectfor.

答案：A

解析：词义猜测题《根据画线短语下文“UnliketheGreekoriginals,though,this

fableisreal.”可知，这个寓言是真实的。且根据第二段中的"iheantinvasionhasset

offacomplicatedchainofconsequences”可知，外来蚂蚁入侵引发了生态系统的一

系列连锁反应，外来蚂蚁入侵改变了大自然原有的运行模式。由此可推知，

tinkeringwith表示“修改，修理”,与A项意思相近。故选A。

6.The4ttrophiccascade"inthepassagehappenedwhen.

A.animalhabitatinaspecificareawaspreserved

B.aninvasivespeciessufferedalackoffoodsupply

C.certainplantswereaffectedbyhumanactivities

D.aparticularspeciesinthefoodchainwasreplaced

答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据笫二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段中的

“Theelephantsmoveinandbitethetrees,removingmuchofthearea'scover.That

upsetsthelocallions,..."可知，“营养级联”的现象指的是外来蚂蚁（大头蚁）

入侵取代当地蚂蚁（金合欢蚁），从而引发植被被大象啃食，进一步导致狮子捕猎

时失去植被作为掩护等情形。由此可推知，食物链中的某个特定物种被外来物种

取代时，会触发连锁反应，引起“营养级联”的现象。故选D。

7.WhydidthelionschangeLheirtargetsufallaukwhenhunting?

A.Becauseitbecomeslessriskytohuntthebuffalo.

B.Becausegreatervisibilitymakesithardtohuntzebra.

C.Becausetheyarenotgoodatkeepingtheelephantsaway.

D.Becausetheyareupsetbythepresenceofbig-headedants.

答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theelephantsmoveinandbiteihetrees,

removingmuchofthearea'scover.Thatupsetsthelocallions,whichoftenusethis

covertohidewhenhuntingzebra.Tocompensate,thelionsswitchtohuntingbuffalo”

可知，当大头蚁取代了本地蚂蚁后，它们无法像本地蚂蚁那样有效地驱赶大象。

因此，大象开始破坏树木，减少了狮子用来埋伏捕猎的掩护物。由于狮子需要树

木掩护来捕猎斑马，而水牛不如斑马跑得快，所以狮子转而捕猎水牛。因此，狮

子改变攻击目标是因为更高的能见度使得捕猎斑马变得困难。故选B。

8.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Howantsandbuffalodefeatedlions

B.Howelephantslandedzebraintrouble

C.Howtreeschangedlions*dinnermenu

D.HowantspersuadedlionstoeathnfTalo

答案：D

解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段最后一句并分析全文描述

的自然现象可知，入侵蚂蚁改变了食物链中的相互作用，导致狮子改变了它们的

捕食对象。因此，D项“Howantspersuadedlionstocatbuffalo”准确地概括了文

章的主要内容，适合作为文章的最佳标题。故选D。

n.读后续写（满分25分）

（2025•安徽江南十校高三联考）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整

的短文。

InaverycoldJanuary,apuppywanderedaroundMr.Lacey'shouse,where

Mr.LaceylivedwithhiswifeMamieandtheirdaughterDoris.Icicles（冰锥）hungthree

icclormurefromlliuioufsofhousesandsnowswallowedupcars.

Thepuppyhadbeenabandoned,anditmadeitswaydowntheroadtowardthe

Laceys'smallhouse,withitsearsdownandtremblingfrom