高考英语一轮复习 板块2 专题语法 2词法篇 第2讲　掌握易变形的词-名词、形容词和副词 第2节　形容词和副词 专题讲义（教师版）

第二节形容词和副词考点1形容词和副词的用法1.形容词用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher，thelittlegirlranbackhome，happyandsatisfied.被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩跑回了家，既开心又满足。2.副词用法：修饰动词；修饰形容词或副词；单独作状语。Hewalkedhomeslowlywhiletalkingtohimselfandkeptpuzzlingoverwhythetrainhadn’twaitedforhimfortwomoreminutes.他一边自言自语，一边慢慢地走回家，老是不明白为什么火车不肯再等他两分钟。【名师指津】有些副词如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。Surprisingly,nooneintheclasscouldworkouttheproblem.令人惊讶的是，班里没人能解决这个问题。考点2形容词变副词的规则类别例词直接加－lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地以“辅音字母＋－y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加－lyhappy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地词尾为－ble/－le的形容词，去掉e，再加－y(whole例外)terrible→terribly极度地gentle→gently轻柔地词尾为－ue的形容词，去掉e，再加－lytrue→truly真实地词尾为－ll的形容词，直接加－yfull→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为－ic的形容词，加－ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科学地考点3形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加－er，－est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方法例词以不发音的字母－e结尾加－r和－stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母＋－y”结尾变y为i，再加－er和－esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾，再加－er和－esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more和most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily【名师指津】①有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加－er和－est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common,handsome,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired和以－ow，－er结尾的词。②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right，wrong，excellent，possible，empty，first，wooden，final，east，last等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,willworseWorstmany,muchMoremostlittlelessLeastfarfarther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)·further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)·farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)·furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)oldOlder/elderOldest/eldest2.等级用法的固定句型(1)同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“notas/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。(2)比较级结构：“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。(3)最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“oneofthe＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有byfar,almost以及序数词等。Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethebestpossibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。3.比较级的常用句型(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless＋原级”表示“越来越……”。Holidayflightticketsaregettinglessandlessexpensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。(2)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。Themoreyoulistenandread,thebetteryouwriteandspeak.你听和读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。(3)“the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。4.比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：①比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词②比较级＋than＋alltheother＋复数名词③比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。5.倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法句型主要有：(1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B(5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。单句语法填空1.(2022·江淮十校联考)ForthosewhohaveseenWarforthePlanetoftheApes,it’seasytocometothisconclusion—themovieisn’taboutwarortheplanet,andit’snotnecessarily(necessary)evenabouttheapes.Themovieisaboutsurvival(survive)andthechoicesweallmakewhenonewantstosurvive,goodorbad.2.(2022·大同一中模拟)However，theprojectisabigchallengeline,withtenstationssituatedalongitsroute,startingfromBeijingNorthRailwayStation,headingwestthroughtheGreatWall,threetimesthelength(long)ofthecapital’sterritory.3.(2022·长春二模)HaveyoueverbeentoaMichelinrestaurant?Formostchefs,there’snobigger(big)honorthanhavingyourrestaurantawardedaMichelinstar,letalonethree.4.(2022·江西五市八校联考)ThefirstpartoftheunderwatertunnelfortheHongKong－Zhuhai－MacaoBridgewassuccessfully(success)completedonOct8,2016.Knownas“oneofthesevenmodernwondersintheworld”，itistheworld’slongest(long)bridgecurrentlybeingconstructed.5.(2022·焦作四模)However,somestudiessuggestthatnoisemaybringabouthearingloss.Thestressfromhumannoisemightalsoaffecttheimmunesystem—ananimal’snatural(nature)defensesystem.【规律方法】1.根据句子成分判断是形容词还是副词(1)若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词。(2)当设空处作状语时，要首先考虑填副词。【典例】Theriverwassopollutedthatit________(actual)caughtfireandburned.解析此处修饰动词caught，在句中作状语，应用副词形式。答案actually【典例】Readinghistoryisan________(amaze)experiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.解析此处修饰名词experience，在句中作定语，应用形容词形式。答案amazing2.看到与than连用，要想到用比较级【典例】Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris________(clean)thanever.解析根据后面的than可知，此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。答案cleaner【典例】Afterafewmonths，weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch________(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.解析根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。答案stronger3.看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级【典例】Theywerealsothebestand________(bad)yearsinmylife.(全国卷Ⅲ)解析由并列连词and前面的“thebest”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。答案worst4.看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)【典例】Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.解析由hadmade可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。答案earlier5.看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...【典例】The________(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.解析分析句子结构可知，此句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句式，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。答案harder(2)the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句【典例】Mymummakesthe______(good)biscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.解析此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“intheworld”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。答案best【分层演练】■层级一模拟达标练单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2022·广州一模)People’spersonalmemories,oncestoredintheirsmartphonesandotherhandhelddevices,willtaketheroundshapeofanOlympicmedal,oneofthemostpreciousprizes(prize)insport.2.(2022·绵阳三诊)“Honestly(honest)，thatisthepicturethatcatchesthismadness，”onepersonresponded.3.(2022·焦作四模)Thenoisecomesfromshippingtraffic,motorizedfishingships,underwateroilandgasexploration，offshoreconstruction(construct)，andothernoisyhumanactivity.4.(2022·攀枝花二模)Aquick－thinkingbystanderselflesslyleaptdowntopullhimtosafety(safe).5.(2022·安庆二模)Inthestudy,GBSwasusedtoprovideahighly(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumcomputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.6.(2022·蚌埠三模)Giventhattechnologybringsconvenience(convenient)tosocietyinmanywaysandhasbecomewidespread,suchastheuseofscannedcodesforpayment,entrancetobuildingsandregistration,seniorswhoarenottech－savvy(精通科技)facegrowingdifficultyindailylife.7.(2022·成都一诊)ThedocumentarycomparedDutoShakespearetohelpaudiencesbetter__(well)understandthepoet’sgreatachievementsinliterature.8.(2022·厦门外国语学校模拟)Thereareplentyoftheories(theory)behindthenamesowe’vebrokenthemdown.Theearliest(early)mentionwasinthe1830swherea“ChristmasBox”wasthenameforaChristmaspresent.9.(2022·佛山二模)China’sfastdevelopmentislikelytomaketheadjustmentmorecomfortable(comfort)formostnewarrivals.10.(2022·池州二模)Itiswidely(wide)recognizedthatthiskindofclothinglaterhadagreatinfluenceonthetraditionalclothinginmanyAsiancountriessuchastheKimonoinJapanandHanbokinKorea.11.(2022·山西四校联考)Whenhelookedup,hesuddenlyfoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofteenagers,wholookedathimanxious.anxious→anxiously12.(2022·辽宁六校期末联考)Yourstoryiswonderful;I’veneverheardagoodonebefore.good→better13.(2022·湖南邵阳第二次联考)Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.bad→worse14.(2022·哈师大附中一模)Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillagestoimprovepeople’sreadinglevel.library→libraries15.(2022·四川绵阳二诊)Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvicesandgiveupsmoking.advices→advice■层级二高考真题练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2021·全国乙卷)Providefinancial(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.2.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.3.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumans(human)are.4.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwillundoubtedly(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,thehotter(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish).5.(2021·全国甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetter(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!6.(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowers(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdaily(day)routines.7.(2021·浙江卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1，200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriage(marry)ceremonyin1842.8.(2021·浙江卷)Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuchsmaller(small)thanitistoday.9.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopsticks(chopstick).10.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2021·全国乙卷)Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.dish→dishes2.(2021·全国甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.friend→friends3.(2021·全国乙卷)What’tmore，doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.mentally→mental4.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.surely→sure5.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.player→players6.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmalleresting→interested7.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.hardly→hard8.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.coolly→cool9.(全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle，Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Friday’s→Friday10.(全国卷Ⅱ)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheIrmations→information■层级三语篇提能练Ⅰ.语法填空Inrecentyears,trampolining(蹦床)hasgainedgreat1.________________(popular)amongChineseyouths.Shortvideosshowingpeople’sexcitementaboutjumpingbackandforthonthecolourfultrampolinesare2.________________(regular)uploadedtosocialmedia.Mostvideosfeatureteenagers,butadultstoohavejumpedonthetrend,hopingtorelivetheirchildhood.Comparedwithsoccer,basketball,tennisoranyother3.________________(compete)sports,wherevariousinjuriesoccurfromtimetotime,trampoliningisrelatively4.________________(safe).However,preparationandsafetyalwayscomefirst.Youmustdowarm－up5.________________(exercise)beforeplayingandyoucan’tloseconcentrationduringthemovements.答案1.popularity[考查词性转换。设空处在句中作gained的宾语，且设空前有形容词great，故该空填名词popularity。gaingreatpopularity“大受欢迎”。]2.regularly[考查词性转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰uploaded，应用副词，填regularly。]3.competitive[考查词性转换。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词sports,表“竞争性强的”，应用形容词，故填competitive。]4.safer[考查比较等级。由语境可知，此处指蹦床与足球、篮球、网球或任何其他经常发生各种伤害的竞技运动相比，相对更安全，故此处用形容词比较级。故填safer。]5.exercises[考查名词的数。exercise此时是可数名词，意为“训练活动”，设空前无表“一”的限定词，故exercise应用复数形式。]Ⅱ.短文改错Hello，everyone！I’mTony.WhenIamyoung，IlivedonafarmandIgotupat6o’clockeverymorning.Therewasanumberofanimalsonthefarm，suchashens，cowsandsheeps.SometimesIhelpedmyparentsfeedit.Thefarmwasnotfarfrommyschool.Iregularrodemybiketosch