虚拟语气典型用法归纳-2023年高考英语语法知识清单强化训练（原卷版）

2023年海考英语语法知识清单+强化训练讲义

专疽16虚拟语气典典用法归纳（原卷版）

讲义目录

考点清单一、if虚拟条件句六大典型用法

考点清单二、从句谓语用“（should）+动词原形”三大典型场合

考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法

分层训练（一）高考真题

分层训练（二）模拟试题

分层训练（三）单句改错

分层训练（四）单项选择

分层训练（五）书面表达（句式升级）

分层训练（六）强化训练

考点清单一、if虚拟条件句六大典型用法

场合从句谓语动词形式主句谓语形式

与现在事实相反动词过去式（be用were）would/could/should/might+动词原形

与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would/could/should/mighthavedone

动词过去式（be用were）

与将来事实相反wereto+动词原形would/could/should/might+动词原形

should+动词原形

要点精讲1:与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）,全句用would/could+do0

例1：IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoforawalk.（事实上我现在没有时间，不能去散步.）

例2：IfIwereinvited,Iwouldgotothedinner.（事实上没有人邀请我，我也不能去参加宴会.）

例3：IfIhadamilliondollars,Iwouldputitinthebank.（事实上我没有一百万美圆,也不可能存在银行）

（即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Sorry,Tmtoobusynow.IfI（have）time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.

要点精讲2:与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/coukl/niighthavedoneo

1列1：IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn'thavemadeamistake.

例2：Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn'thavehappened.

例3：I「shehadseenyouyesterday,shewouldhaveaskedyouaboulil.要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起

这件事。

例4；Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不

会（不可能）考试不及格。

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

2.Ifthecaptainhadbeenmorecareful,hisship（sink）.

要点精讲3:与将来事实相反，从句谓语三选一：①一般过去时②weretodo③shoulddo,主句用woulddoo

彳列1：Ifitrained/wererorain/shouldrain（omonow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.

^02：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould/wouldgotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天,我就（可能）

去看望我奶奶。

例3：Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.

如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了＜

例4：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.

例5：Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

9.Withouthiswartimeexperiences.Hemingway(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.

考点清单二、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”三大典型场合

要点精讲1:一二三四类动词(一坚持insist二命令order,mand三建议advise,suggest,reinend四要求

demand,desire,require,request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist表

示“坚持说。suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。

例1：Ilissuggestedthatihemeetingshouldbepuloffdllnextweek.

例2：Thedoctorordered(hatthepatient(should)besenttohospiulwithoutdelay.

例3：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

)0.Eyedoctorsremendachild'sfirsteyeexam(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.

11.Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshe(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe(have)a

medicalexamination.

12.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongandthathe(set)free.

要点精讲2:一二三四类动词派生来的名词(order,mand,advice,suggestion,requirement等)后接从句，该

从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。

例1：Weagreedtotheorderthatthetask(should)bepletedat5o'clock.

例2：Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

13.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents(give)twoweekstoprepareforrheexam.

要点impossible..that..y/strange/impossible..that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。若从

句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用shouldhavedone。

例1：Itisstrangethatheshould力areactedtowardhisparentslikethat.

例2：It'svitalthatwc(should)takeoursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

14.Itisadvisablethatyou(take)yourworkseriously,oritwon'tbelongbeforeyou'relaidoff.

考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法

要点、精讲1:Iwishthat…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分另“用haddone,did,would/coulddo。

Iwish从句结构示例

与现在事实相反一般过去式Iwishitwereautumnnow.

与过去事实相反过去完成式Hewishes(wished)hehadnotlostthechance.

与将来事实相反would+动词原形Iwishyouwouldesoon.

例1：IwishthatI卬eretenyearsyounger.

例2：Iwish(hatIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

15.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner'sgoingtobepletelymined.

—Iwishthey(notbe)alwayslate.

16.HowIwisheveryfamily(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!

要点精讲2:ifonly表示“如果...该多好"，asif/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。

例1：Helooksasifhewereanartist.

彳列2：Shelooksasifnothinghadhappenedtoher.

例3：IfonlyIhadseenthefilmwithJanelastnight.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

17.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit(break).

18.Don'thandlethevaseasifit(make)ofsteel.

19.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI(follow)youradvice.

要点精讲3:Iwouldratherthat…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。

例1：I'dralherthathehad仪onetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.

例2：Whenmyfatherisupset,he卬ratherthatwelef[himalcne.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

20.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe(fbcus)moreonits

culture.

要点精讲4:that..high/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省，意为“早该...

例1：〃ishightimethatyouwenttoschool.

例2：〃isaboiUlimeIhatweshouldsetoutatonce.

[即时训练】用括号内所给单词的话当形式填空。

21.Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathe(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.

分层训练（一）高考真题

在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(2020江苏)IfIhadn'tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I(notbe)whereIam.

2.(2019天津)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(acplish)thetaskinhalfthe

time.

3.(2019江苏)Whaiapity!Youmissedihesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodlimelogeiher.

4.(2018天津)Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.

5.12018江苏)It'sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner'spermission.

6.(2018江苏)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI(have)asecondchancetobeemore

involved.

7.12018北京)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers

8.(2017北京)ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

9.(2017天津)一DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Othcnvise,I(be)abletoreachheryesterday.

10.(2017江苏)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovereherdifficulty.

分层训练(二)模拟试题

在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

II.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe(be)busy.

12.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe(see)moreplacesofinterestyesterday.

13.Thetimeisnotripe.I'dratheryou(not,say)anythingaboutitfbrthetimebeing.

14.wemadeagreateffortlastterm,wemighthavesucceeded.

15.1waswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwould(injure).

16.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuRiver.

17.IfI(know)aboutthisputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.

18.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou(be)ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.

19.Withoutthedoctor'stimelyoperation,thelittlegirl(lose)herlife.

20.Itishightimethatwe(place)greatemphasison(heimprovementoffoodsafety.

分层训练(三)单句改错

下列各句均有一处错误.请指出并纠正。

21.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.

22.ThemanagerproposedthatTomwasgivenanopportunitytoexplainwhyhe'drefusedtogothere.

23.IfonlyIlistenedtomyparents,Imighthavepassedthedrivingtest!

24.Theconferencewouldifthavebesosuccessfulifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparation.

25.IfonlytherewassomemagicbuttonIcouldpushtotakeawaythesadnessinhereyes.

26.—Larry,suchmistakescouldhaveavoidedifyouhadbeenmorecareful.

一Sorry,sir.I'lldobeuernextlime.

27.1can'tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughheknowseverything.

28.1madethesuggestionthatshestucktotheplanshehadmade.

29.Itwasorderedthatnosmokingwasnotallowedinthelibrary,whichmadethesmokersunhappy.

30.HowIwishIboughtthatskirtwhenitwasavailable!Ugh!Iregretiteverytime.

分层训练（四）单项选择

1.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,Iyouupattheairport.

A.wouldpickB.shouldhavepickedC.wouldhavepickedD.willhavepicked

2.Someanimalsareindangerofdyingout,soitishightimethatthegovernmentsomemeasuresto

protectendangeredanimals.

A.takeB.tookC.hastakenD.willtake

3.Weshowedupearlyandhadtowaittwohoursbeforetheceremonybegan.We.

A.shouldn'thurr>'B.needn'thavehurriedC.mustn'thavehurriedD.wouldn'thurry

4.Wedidn'tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime,otherwiseweyouahand.

A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wouldgiveD.wouldhavegiven

5.HowIwishIsomeonetoturntoforadvicewhenIwaspuzzled.

A.wouldhaveB.hadC.havehadD.hadhad

6.Ifthechopsticksarepartlyplacedinthewater,itlooksasifthey.

A.breakB.havebrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

7.Mysister'spalefacesuggestedthatsheseriouslyill,andmyparentssuggestedthatshetoseethe

doctorimmediately.

A.was;goB.were;goC.be;wentD.was;went

8.1don'tthinkitisadvisablethatTomto（hejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A.willbeassignedB.beassignedC.shouldassignD.canbeassigned

9.MyprofessorremendedthatIclassicaltechniquefirsttoestablishsolidtechnicalskills.

A.shouldhavelearnedB.wculdleamC.learnedD.learn

10.Ifyouafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemetthefamousscientist.

A.hadeB.haveeC.weretoeD.shoulde

11.hisphonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavecalledherup.

A.ShouldheknowB.WereItoknowC.HadIknownD.HaveIknown

12.Hewouldhavewriuenthemanageraleuerioexpresshisthanksthismorning,buthe.

A.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusyD.willbebusy

13.Susanisgoingtodeliveraspeechaboutthecultureofhiscountry,butI'drathershemoreonits

education.

A.focusB.fbeusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused

14.Butforyourgeneroushelp,wethetaskaheadoftime.

A.wouldnotfulfillB.wouldnothavefulfilled

C.wouldfulfillD.wouldhavefulfilled

15.Thespokesmandidnotregretwhathehadsaidat(heconferencebutfelt(hatheitindirectly.

A.couldexpressB.wculdexpressC.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed

16.Thisdigitalcameraisoffinequality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatour

expense.

A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might

17.itrainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputofftillnextFriday.

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will

18.Theprofessorinsistedthathissolutionmorepracticalandthatweitintopracticeassoonas

possible.

A.was;putB.was;mustputC.shouldbe;putD.shouldbe;put

19.Iftheambulancehadeheresoonerlastnight,thepatientnow.

A.willbealiveB.willhavebeenaliveC.wouldhavebeenaliveD.wouldbealive

20.Lilylookshotanddrytoday.

Soyouifyouhadsohighafever.

A.doB.areC.willD.would

21.TvetoldJennythetruthaboutthenewhouse.

ButI'dratheryou.

A.didn'tB.hadn'tC.don'tD.wouldn't

22.Itwasdemandedthattheworkingconditionsinthatareaassoonaspossible.

A.mustimproveB.improveC.wasimprovedD.beimproved

23.LookatthesituationI'min.IfonlyIyouradviceearlier!

A.tookB.wouldtakeC.hadtakenD.shouldtake

24.Shemighthavebeenintimefortheinterview,butsheuplate.

A.gotB.hasgotC.wasiogetD.hadgot

25.Themuseumisonlyfiveminules*walk!Weshouldhavewalkedthere.

Yes,ataxinecessaryatall.

A.wasn,tB.isn'tC.hadn'tbeenD.won'tbe

26.thetrafficjamonthehighway,wcshouldhavearrivedatthestadiumearlier.

A.InspiteofB.BecauseofC.ButforD.Dueto

27.IfonlyIanumbrellalastnight!Iwaswetthrough.

A.tookB.shouldlakeC.hadtakenD.take

28.Sorry,Iamtoobusya(themoment.IfIfree,Iwouldcertainlygoforawalkwithyou.

A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.amD.were

29.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbackasearlyaspossible.

A.aresentB.besentC.willbesentD.shouldsend

30.HowIwishItorepairthecellphone!Ionlymadeitworse..

A.hadtriedB.hadn'ttriedC.havetriedD.didn'ttry

31.Ifhe__to(heteacherattentivelyyesterday,he___theanswer(otheproblemnow.

A.hadlistened:wouldhaveknownB.listened;wouldknow

C.listened;wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened;wouldknow

32.MysuggestionisthatmorepeoplefromallwalksoflifetofinancetheProjectwiththeirdeeperlove

forthesechildren.

A.beencouragedB.areencouragedC.wereencouragedD.shouldencourage

33.1cairtstandtheyoungmansittinginthefront.Healwaystalksasthoughheeverything.

A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown

34.Thomascantakehismotorapartandpulitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe__mehow.

A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach

35.Thenewtrafficlawrequiresthateveryone__hisorhercarcheckedatleastonceayear.

A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have

36.Lindacouldn'thaveansweredthequestionsoeasilyifsheafewbooksonworldhistorybefore

hand.

A.hadn'treadB.hasn,treadC.wouldn'thavereadD.didn'tread

37.Tobefrank,ifitwerenotforthefactthatyouareliableperson,Iwouldnottakesuchpainstohelpyou.

A.wereB.areC.hadbeenD.havebeen

38.whatwasgoingtohappennext,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.

A.HadIknownB.IfIknowC.IfIknewD.IfhadIknown

39.Itisunbelievablethatsuchanexcellentfootballteamhavefailedinthefinals.

A.wouldB.mustC.shouldD.could

40.MydemandwasthattheinformationreferredtoinmyreporttoMr.Brownwithoutdelay.

A.shouldemailB.emailedC.mustbeemailedD.beemailed

41.HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?

No,but1wishI.

A.willB.haveC.didD.had

42.Theordercamethatallthesmallcoalminesdowninhalfayear.

A.wouldbeclosedB.shouldbeclosedC.mustbeclosedD.wouldclose

43.theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily

A.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor

44.一Youshouldhavefedthebirdsyesterday.—Sorry,Iallaboutit.

A.wasforgottenB.haveforgottenC.forgotD.forget

45.Ifyou__thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.

A.haven'twatchedB.hadn'twatchedC.didn'twatchD.wouldn'thavewatched

分层训练（五）书面表达（句式升级）

I.如果我们过去做了很大努力的话，我们可能就获得成功了。

2.如果他们当时知道接下来会发生什么事情，他们有可能就会重新考虑了。

3.如果昨天晚上下了雨的话，今天就会非常凉爽了。

4.我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能参观更多的名胜古迹了。

5.要不是因为船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。

6.要是没有英语老师的帮助，我就不会在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖了。

7.她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋，真是太奇怪了。

8.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。

9.我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我当时太忙了。

10.到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。

11.我愿你下个星期天去。

12,那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们己经相识多年了。

13.看看我的麻烦！要是我接受你的建议就好了!

14.如果我多等一分钟、我就坐上汽车了。

15.“要是我当初听取了妈妈的建议该多好!”小女孩低声对自己说。

分层训练（六）强化训练

第二部分阅读理解（共两节,满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2・5分，满分37・5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

TVShowsForTeens

Astudyfoundthatalthoughnewtypesofmediaareavailabletoyoungsterstoday,televisioncontinuestobe

important.Teenscontinue（heirhabitofwatchingTVduringadolescenceandevenstarttorelyonitfortheir

knowledgeexpansion.HereisalistofTVshowsforyourteens'viewingpleasure:

AncientAliens

Asyourteensareoldenough（ounderstandUnidentifiedFlyingObjectsandaliens,youcanencouragethemto

watchAncientAliens.ThisAmericantelevisionserieswillbringyourteensthefascinatingtopicsofextraterrestrial

（外星球的）presenceandthescientificproofbehindtheclaims.

Channel:History

Superhumans

TheAmericandocumentaryserieswereairedfrom2010to2014,whoseaimwastodiscoverhumanbeingswitha

superhumanlevelofextraordinaryphysicalormentalabilities.Theshow,whichattemptstouncover（hescientific

secretbehindtheirwillhelpyourteenslearnaboutthescientificreasonsofsuperhumanabilities.

Channel:SciFi

Megascience

ProvidinganabundanceofscientificinformationinaneasyandprchcnsiblcwayisMcgascicnce'sstyle.Allyour

teens'mostpuzzlingscientificquestionsareansweredinthisshowclearlyandindetail,tellingeverythingrelatedto

science.

Channel:DiscoveryScience

ScienceofStupid

Thisshow,broadcastinvariousversionsindifferentcountries,mixessciencealongwithfun.Whileaddressing

variousscientificprinciples,itprovidesascientificexplanationforbasicquestions,suchaswhathappenswhenyou

usethewrongtypeofballoon,throughfunnyvideos.

Channel:NationalGeographic

I.OnwhichchannelcanteenswatchashowaboutUFOs?

A.History.B.SciFi.C.DiscoveryScience.D.NationalGeographic.

2.WhatisScienceofStupidspecialabout?

A.Itspopularity.B.Itsstyle.C.Itsmeaning.D.Itsaudience.

3.Whatdothefourshowshaveinmon?

A.Theytalkaboutscience.B.Theyhavemanyversions.

C.Theyarebrandnewshows.D.Theyareairedaroundtheworld.

B

AnimalrescuerandcinematographerDouglasThorn\passionfbranimalsbeganwhenhewasalittlekid."I

startedrescuingorphanedbabyanimals/'Thomsays."AndIwantediobeawildlifecinemaiographer.”

WhenThrongrewup,hedidjustthat,workingforshowslikeDiscoveryChannelsSharkWeek,filmingthe

greatwhitesharksoffthecoastofSantaCruz,California.ButThronsaysitwastheParadiseFireinCaliforniain

2018that“pushed”himtodoanimalrescueactivismwork,puttinghisaerialcinematographyskillstogooduse.

Atthetime,Thronwasfilmingamanwhowasrescuingcatsafterthefireusinganinfraredhandheldcamera.

ThecamerausesheattodetecttheanimalsatnightThronandthemantalkedabouthowincredibleitwouldbetoput

oneonadronetodetectanimalsmoreeasily.44Theanimafsbodytemperaturewillglowonthescreenandyoucan

pickthemoutamongthebricksandstones,“explainsThron.

ThefirstanimalThroneverrescuedwasadogintheBahamasafteraca(egory5hurricanehit,whichwipedout

hundredsofhouses.Throntestedoutputtinganinfraredscopeonadroneandfoundthedog.

“Thedronereallyshavesoffcriticaltimesothatthereallybadlyhurtanimalsareabletoberescued,“Thron

says.Oncethescopepicksupthe“heatsignatureofananimal”,Thronturnsaspotlightontheanimalandzoomsin

onit,soheandtherescuecrewscangoandsavetheanimal.

Thronhasbasicallybeen“goingnonstopsincethen”.HisTVshow,DougtotheRescue,showssomeofhis

heartwarminganimalrescues,includingafterHurricaneLaurainLouisianain2020andafterfiresinNorthern

CaliforniaandOregon.ThronalsohelpedrescuekoalasafterfiresdamagedpartsofAustraliain2020.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?

A.Researchingrareanimals.B.Rescuinghomelessanimals.

C.Beingadisasterrescuer.D.Workingasawildlifecinematographer.

5.What'sThron'spurposeforattackingtheinfraredcameratothedrone?

A.Tolocateananimalquickly.B.Toshoctmoreinvitingphotos.

C.Totakeanimals'bodytemperature.D.Togivewarningsofdangerstimely.

6.What'sthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThedifficultiesThronhastoovae.

B.TheskillsThronwillneedtooperatethedrone.

C.ThewayThronusesthedronetorescueanimals.

D.ThereasonwhyThronchooseshispresentjob.

7.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeThron?

A.Modest.B.Creative.C.Generous.D.Outgoing.

C

Ashumanityhasgotricher,animal'sroleshavechanged.Peopleneedtheirserviceslessthanbefore.Fewer

wolvesandthievesmeantlessdemandfordogsforprotection;theinternalbustionengine（内燃机）madehorses

unneeded;modernsanitation（卫生设备）keptratsincheckandmadecatslessuseful.Nolongernecessities,

domesticanimalsbecameluxuries.Petkeepingseemstokickinwhenhouseholdinesriseaboveroughly$5.000.It

isbooming.

Thetrendisnotanewone.Archaeologists（考古学家）havefoundIO.OOOyearoldgravesinwhichdogsand

peopleareburiedtogether.SomeculturessuchasinScandinavia,wheredogshavelongbeenbothworkingdogs

andpanionshavekeptpetsfbrthousandsofyears.Butthesedaysthepetkeepingurgehasspreadeventopartsof

theworldwhichhavenotraditionofsinkingintoafortablechairwithafurrycreature.

Thepetbusinessisgrowingevenfasterthanpetnumbers,becausepeoplearespendingmoreandmoremoneyon

them.Nolongeraretheyfoodwasterecyclers,fedwiththeremainsthatfallfromtheirmasters'tables.Petfood

shelvesarefullofdelicaciescraftedtosatisfyarangeofappetites,includingicecreamfordogsandfoodsfbrpets

thatarcold,diabeticorsufferfromsensitivedigestion;anumberofinternetservicesofferfood,tailoredtothepct's

individualtastes.

Inthebusinessthisiscalled“pelhumanisation“thetendencyofpetownerstotreattheirpetsaspartofthe

family.Thisisevidentinthenamesgiventodogs,whichhaveevolvedfromFido,RexandSpottoinAmerica

Bella,LucyandMax.Itisevidentinthegrowingmarketforpetclothing,petgroomingandpethotels.

Peoplestillassumethatpetsmustbeworkingforhumanityinsomeway,perhapsmakingpeoplehealthierorless

anxious.Buttheevidencefbrthatisweak.Rather,newresearchsuggeststhatdogshaveevolvedthoseirresistible

“puppydogeyes”preciselytoaffecthumanemotions.Ithasworked.Thespeciesthatonceenslavedothersnow

worksveryhardtopayforthecareofitspets.Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americansoftenrefertothemselvesnot

ascatownersbutasthecat's"mommy”or“daddy”.SouthKoreansgoonefurther,describingthemselvesascat

“butlers”.Watchanunluckydogwalkertrailing“his”hound（猎犬），plasticbaginhandtopickupitsmess,andyou

havetowonder:who'sinchargenow?

8.WhichofthefollowingtrendsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.People'sneedsfbranimalservicesarcdecreasing.

B.Boththepetnumberandthepetbusinessaregrowing.

C.Petsareincreasinglymakingtheirownerslessanxious.

D.Petfoodsaremorevariousandcustomizedthanbefore.

9.Whichofthefollowingisreferredtoasevidenceof“pcthumanization?,,

A.ThenamesgiventopetsinAmericanfamiliesnowadays.

B.Pel'sinbuiltabilityioaffectemotionsof(heirowners.

C.Humanbeingseverrisingurgeforpetkeeping.

D.Pet'srolesasbothworkingstaffandpanions.

10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagieewith?

A.Petsshouldbetreatedasequalsoftheirhumanmasters.

B.Humanbeingsarcgettingmuchbenefitfromtheirpets.

C.Petkeepingisstillrestrictedwithincertainpartsoftheworld.

D.Somepelownersspendtoomuchmoneyontheirpels.

11.Whichof(hefollowingmightbethebesttideofthepassage?

A.TheChangingRolesofAnimalsB.TheUrgeforPetkeeping

C.WhoOwnsWhomD.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D

WholesalepricesforgasandelectricityareincreasingsuddenlyacrossEuropejaisingthepossibilityof

increasesinalreadyhighutility(公共事业)billsandfurtherpainforpeoplewhohavetakenafinancialhit

fromCOVID19.

Governmentsarestrugglingtcfindwaystolimitcoststoconsumersasscantnaturalgasreservespresentyet

anotherpotentialproblem,exposingthecontinenttoevenmorepriceincreasesandpossibleshortagesifit'sacold

winter.

IntheU.K.,manypeoplewillseetheirgasandelectricitybillsrisenextmonthafterthenation'senergy

regulatorapproveda12%priceincreaseforthosewithoutcontractsthatlockinrates.OfficialsinItalyhavewarned

thatpriceswillincreaseby40%fbrthequarterthatwillbebilledinOctober.

Therearemultiplecausesfbrthepriceincreases,energyanalystssay,includingtightsuppliesofnaturalgas

usedtogenerateelectricity,highercostsfbrpermitstoreleasecarbondioxideaspartofEurope'sfightagainst

climatechange,andlesssupplyfromwindinsomecases.

AnalystsatS&PGlobalPlattssayelectricitypriceshaverisenduetostrongdemandfromplaceslikedata

centersandelectriccars,butaboveallbecauseoftherise