2024-2025学年山东省聊城市高一下学期7月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省聊城市2024-2025学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThingshaven’talwayscomeeasyforKarlaVegaCervantes.HavinggraduatedfromhighschoolattheheightoftheCOVID-19outbreak,KarlabeganherBerkeleyjourneyin2020and,likemanyofherfellowfirst-yearstudents,struggledwithadaptingtocollegelife.Herschooltermstartedonline,andwhileshesuccessfullyhandledhervirtualacademic(学业的)experience,thechangetofullyin-personclassespresentednewchallenges.“Ifeltreallylonelyandisolatedoncampus,”Karlasaid.That’swhenKarlabeganseekingresourcestofindhercommunity.Shebeganattendingevents,andthroughthem,shefoundtheEducationalOpportunityProgram(EOP)andtheUndocumentedStudentProgram(USP).KarlacreditsthesesupportsystemswithhelpingherthroughsomeofhertoughesttimesatBerkeley.AhighlightforKarlahasbeenattendingyieldevents(招生吸引活动)—thepartofthecollegeadmissionsprocesswherestudentshavereceivedtheiracceptanceandaredecidingwhetherornottoattend.“GoingtoyieldinthespringofmyjunioryeariswhenIreallyfeltthatsenseofbelonging,”shesaid.Anddespitethechallengingexperienceatthebeginningofhercollegejourney,KarlaissettograduateinMay,2025withabachelor’sdegreeinchemicalengineering.Asshelookstothefuture,sheisconsideringstudyingforamaster’sdegreeandapplyingherchemicalengineeringbackgroundtothecosmetic(化妆品)industry,whereshecanexplorecreatingproductsthataregentleondyedhair,whichsheadmitsisoneofherfavoritehobbies.“Myadvicetonewstudentsistothinknotonlyaboutyouracademicsbutalsoyoursupportsystemsoncampus.Don’tbescaredtoreachout,gotoevents,orbuildacommunity.Findthosespaceswhereyoufeellikeyoubelong.That’showIfoundmysenseofbelongingatBerkeley,”Karlasaid.1.WhydidKarlajoindifferenteventsatfirst?A.Tofeelpartofthecommunity. B.Toexplorecareeropportunities.C.Toimproveacademicperformance. D.Togainrecognitionfromclassmates.2.WhatdoesKarla’sfuturecareerplanreflectabouther?A.Shevaluesfinancialsuccess. B.Sheignoresacademicqualifications.C.Shecombinespassionwithprofession. D.Shestayscontentwithhercurrentsituation.3.WhatcanbelearnedfromKarla’sstory?A.Greatmindsthinkalike. B.Begood,oryouwillbelonely.C.Self-beliefisthekeytosuccess. D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Karla在2020年进入伯克利，初期难适应校园生活，后通过参加活动找到支持系统，将于2025年毕业，计划读研并将专业与爱好结合，还为新生提建议。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段““Ifeltreallylonelyandisolatedoncampus,”Karlasaid.That’swhenKarlabeganseekingresourcestofindhercommunity.Shebeganattendingevents,andthroughthem,shefoundtheEducationalOpportunityProgram(EOP)andtheUndocumentedStudentProgram(USP).(“我在校园里感到非常孤独和孤立。”卡拉说道。就在那时，卡拉开始寻找资源，以寻找她的社区。她开始参加各种活动，并通过这些活动，她找到了“教育机会项目”（EOP）和“无证学生项目”（USP）)”可知，卡拉最初参加各种活动是为了感受到自己是这个社区的一员。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Asshelookstothefuture,sheisconsideringstudyingforamaster’sdegreeandapplyingherchemicalengineeringbackgroundtothecosmetic(化妆品)industry,whereshecanexplorecreatingproductsthataregentleondyedhair,whichsheadmitsisoneofherfavoritehobbies.(当她展望未来时，她正在考虑攻读硕士学位，并将自己在化学工程方面的知识应用到化妆品行业。在那里，她可以尝试研发对染过色头发友好的产品，而她也承认这是她最喜欢的一项爱好)”可知，卡拉的未来职业规划体现了她将热情与职业相结合。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Myadvicetonewstudentsistothinknotonlyaboutyouracademicsbutalsoyoursupportsystemsoncampus.Don’tbescaredtoreachout,gotoevents,orbuildacommunity.Findthosespaceswhereyoufeellikeyoubelong.That’showIfoundmysenseofbelongingatBerkeley,”Karlasaid.(卡拉说：“我给新生的建议是，不仅要关注学业，还要考虑校园内的支持体系。不要害怕主动联系他人、参加活动或者建立自己的社交圈。找到那些让你有归属感的空间。正是这样，我才在伯克利找到了自己的归属感。”)”以及文章讲述了Karla面临适应困难时，主动参加活动、寻找支持系统，最终找到归属感并顺利毕业，体现了“自助者天助”，故选D。BIgrewuphearing,“Figureitout,butdon’tlookitup.”IusethisadvicewhenI’mtempted(诱惑)toturntoasearchengineforanswers.Shouldallofuslimitouruseoftechnology?NicholasG.Carr,theauthorofTheShallows:WhattheInternetIsDoingtoOurBrains,saysthatweshouldtakesometimeawayfromscreens.“Deepthinkinghappensonlywhenourmindsarecalmandattentive.”ItisdifficulttofocuswhileweareusingtheInternet.Peopletendtolookupaquestionandendupskimming(浏览)throughunrelatedinformation.Somepeoplemightnotevennoticewhentheystartmindlesslyclicking.DavidPrice,aguestbloggeronawebsite,saysthatteachingmaybegettingeasierwithGooglebecauseparentscannowusetheInternettohelpwiththeirkids’homework.Thisledmetothinkaboutourschooldays.Whenmyclasshadamathtest,mostofususedcalculators(计算器)ateverychanceeventhougheveryoneinthatroomwasabletosolveeachproblemwithoutthem.It’ssimilartotheInternet;weknowtheanswerstomanyquestionswesearchfor.Weneedtoatleastattempttouseourmindsforproblem-solving,orwerisklosingtheabilitytodoso.Ifwealwaysturntotechnologyforanswers,we’llneverlearnanythingonourown.Actually,theproblemswithtechnologyariseonlywhenitisusedinacertainway,butit’snotthesolutiontoeveryproblem.Thepositivesoftechnologydon’tremovethenegatives.It’stimetotakeastepbackfromtechnologyandtakeabreakfromourrelianceonit.4.WhatmayhappenwhenusingtheInternetaccordingtoparagraph2?A.We’llfindithardtothinkdeeply.B.We’llrespondquicklytoinformation.C.We’llsolveproblemsmorereasonably.D.We’llbecomelesseagertosolveproblems.5.Whydoestheauthormentionhisschoolmathtest?A.Toshowdifferentlearningstrategiesinvarioussettings.B.Tostresstheimportanceofindependentlearning.C.ToexpresshisagreementwithPrice’sopinion.D.Topraisethedevelopmentoftechnology.6.Whatistheauthor’sopinionontechnology?A.Itrequiresthoughtfulandbalancedapplication.B.Itshouldbedevelopedwithcombinedefforts.C.Itshouldencouragemorehumancreativity.D.Itneedsgreateravailabilitytoservepeople.【答案】4.A5.B6.A【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文，作者围绕“我们是否应该限制科技的使用”这一话题展开讨论。文中引用了NicholasG.Carr的观点，指出使用互联网时难以集中注意力，不利于深度思考；又结合自身上学时依赖计算器的经历，类比人们对互联网的过度依赖，认为我们应适当减少对科技的依赖，合理使用科技。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中NicholasG.Carr的观点“Deepthinkinghappensonlywhenourmindsarecalmandattentive.ItisdifficulttofocuswhileweareusingtheInternet.(只有当我们的思想平静且专注时，才会有深度思考。使用互联网时，我们很难集中注意力。)”可知，使用互联网时，人们难以集中注意力，也就很难进行深度思考。故选A项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Whenmyclasshadamathtest,mostofususedcalculators(计算器)ateverychanceeventhougheveryoneinthatroomwasabletosolveeachproblemwithoutthem.It’ssimilartotheInternet;weknowtheanswerstomanyquestionswesearchfor.Weneedtoatleastattempttouseourmindsforproblem-solving,orwerisklosingtheabilitytodoso.(在数学考试时，尽管大家都能不借助计算器解题，却还是频繁使用。这和使用互联网类似，很多我们搜索的问题其实自己是知道答案的。我们至少需要尝试用自己的大脑去解决问题，否则可能会失去这种能力.)”可知，很多我们搜索的问题其实自己是知道答案的，我们至少需要尝试用自己的大脑去解决问题，否则可能会失去这种能力，可推理出作者提及上学时的数学考试，是为了强调独立学习的重要性，不能过度依赖外部工具。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Actually,theproblemswithtechnologyariseonlywhenitisusedinacertainway,butit’snotthesolutiontoeveryproblem.Thepositivesoftechnologydon’tremovethenegatives.It’stimetotakeastepbackfromtechnologyandtakeabreakfromourrelianceonit.(事实上，科技的问题只是在以某种方式使用时才会出现，它并非所有问题的解决方案。科技的积极面并不能消除其消极面。是时候远离科技，不再过度依赖它了。)”可知，科技并非所有问题的解决方案，它的积极面并不能消除其消极面，是时候远离科技，不再过度依赖它了，可推理出作者认为科技既有好处也有坏处，我们应该深思熟虑，平衡地使用科技。故选A项。CIfyou’reoffereda-freecookie,youmightsayyes.Butifyou’repaidtoeatafreecookie,wouldyourresponsebethesame?Youmightpolitelyrefuseandwalkawaythinking,“Somethingsmellsfishy.”Inanewstudy,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue”.Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely—comparedwithabout20percentofthoseofferedanadditional$2.“Peopletypicallyinferhiddencostsfromoverlygenerousoffers.Inthiscase,theparticipantsmaythinkthecookieswerepoisoned,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch.Furtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentcommoneverydayscenes.Ineachcase,pastacertainthresholdvalue(阈值),higherpotentialmonetarygainatnocostreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.Vonaschsaysthestudyillustratesthat,againstthe“standardeconomicmodel”,whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,dealsneedtobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtoreadeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstogoagainstacceptednormswithoutasolidreason,weassumetheyhavehiddenpurposesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts(幻影成本)”.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtoweakenphantomcosts’effect.Inoneexperiment,participantsweregiventhreeplaneticketsforthesameflight,respectivelycosting$235,$275,and$205.Mostpeoplechosethe$205ticket.However,ifthethirdoptionwas$15,hardlyanyonechosethecheapestone.Theyrejecteditbecausetheyimaginedhorriblephantomcosts.However,whentheresearchersaccountedfortheincrediblycheapoffer—veryuncomfortableseats—mostparticipantspreferredthe$15flight.Thescientistsarealsoabouttoexperimentwithhumanandartificialintelligenceinteractions.“WillpeopleactthesamewaywhenAIisoverlygeneroustothem?”Vonaschsays.“AIisalwaysprogrammedtoappearmorehuman-likeandpeopletendtotreatAIagentsasiftheyhaveamind,whenobviouslytheydon’t.”7.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“smellsfishy”inparagraph1mean?A.Isworthstudying. B.Ishardtorealize.C.Seemsuntrustworthy. D.Soundsveryappealing.8.Whichofthefollowingoptionswillparticipantsmostpossiblyrefuse?A.Atravelpackagewitha50%discount. B.Beingofferedcashfortakingalifthome.C.A$100rewardforreturningone’slostphone. D.Beinggivenaprizeforacceptinganinterview.9.Whatinsightcanbusinessesgainfromthe“cheapflight”experiment?A.Keeppricesaslowaspossible. B.Offercustomersavarietyofoptions.C.Giveexplanationsforovergenerousoffers. D.Adjustpricingfollowingcompetitors.10.Whatwilltheresearchersinvestigateinfurtherstudies?A.HowAI’sresponsesimpacthumans’expectations.B.HowAIcanbeprogrammedtobemorehuman-like.C.WhetherAIcangivehumansoverlygenerousoffers.D.Whetherweassumephantomcostsinhuman-AIinteractions.【答案】7.C8.B9.C10.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明，人们会拒绝“天上掉馅饼”式的好处，因觉其有隐藏成本（即“幻影成本”），这与标准经济模型相悖，研究还探讨了减弱该效应的方法及将实验扩展到人机交互的计划。【7题详析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Ifyou’reoffereda-freecookie,youmightsayyes.Butifyou’repaidtoeatafreecookie,wouldyourresponsebethesame?(如果有人递给你一块免费的饼干，你可能会欣然接受。但如果有人付钱让你去吃这块免费的饼干，你的反应会一样吗？)”可知，当人们被付钱吃免费饼干时，可能会拒绝并觉得“smellsfishy”，后文“Inanewstudy,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue”.(在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，人们往往会拒绝“免费获得金钱”的提议，因为他们觉得这些提议“好得不真实”)”提到这种拒绝是因为优惠“看起来好得不像真”（toogoodtobetrue），暗示可疑或不可信，故划线短语的意思是“似乎不可信”。故选C。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely—comparedwithabout20percentofthoseofferedanadditional$2.“Peopletypicallyinferhiddencostsfromoverlygenerousoffers.Inthiscase,theparticipantsmaythinkthecookieswerepoisoned,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch.(在最初的实验中，近40%的参与者随意接受了提供的饼干，而那些额外获得2美元奖励的参与者中这一比例约为20%。“人们通常会从过于慷慨的提议中推断出潜在的隐性成本。在这种情况下，参与者可能会认为这些饼干有毒。”研究的主要作者安德鲁·J·沃纳沙说道)”可知，人们对“过于慷慨”或“反常”优惠的怀疑，尤其是无额外成本却获得高收益的提议（如付钱吃免费饼干），故参与者最有可能拒绝被提出用现金奖励的方式让他们搭乘交通工具回家。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtoweakenphantomcosts’effect.Inoneexperiment,participantsweregiventhreeplaneticketsforthesameflight,respectivelycosting$235,$275,and$205.Mostpeoplechosethe$205ticket.However,ifthethirdoptionwas$15,hardlyanyonechosethecheapestone.Theyrejecteditbecausetheyimaginedhorriblephantomcosts.However,whentheresearchersaccountedfortheincrediblycheapoffer—veryuncomfortableseats—mostparticipantspreferredthe$15flight.(研究人员还展示了如何削弱“幻影成本”的影响。在一项实验中，参与者获得了三张同一航班的机票，价格分别为235美元、275美元和205美元。大多数人选择了205美元的机票。然而，如果第三个选项是15美元，几乎没有人会选择价格最低的那张票。他们拒绝选择它是因为他们想象到了可怕的“幻觉成本”。然而，当研究人员考虑到这个极其便宜的选项——非常不舒服的座位时，大多数参与者更倾向于选择15美元的航班)”可知，企业可通过解释原因（如明确潜在缺点）来消除客户疑虑，提高对“过于慷慨”优惠的接受度。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thescientistsarealsoabouttoexperimentwithhumanandartificialintelligenceinteractions.“WillpeopleactthesamewaywhenAIisoverlygeneroustothem?”Vonaschsays.“AIisalwaysprogrammedtoappearmorehuman-likeandpeopletendtotreatAIagentsasiftheyhaveamind,whenobviouslytheydon’t.”(科学家们还将开展有关人类与人工智能互动的实验。沃纳斯奇说：“当人工智能对人们过于慷慨时，人们会做出同样的反应吗？人工智能总是被设定为表现得更像人类，而人们往往会把人工智能代理当作有思维的存在来对待，但实际上它们根本就没有思维。”)”可知，研究人员在后续研究中将会探究我们在人与人工智能的交互过程中是否需要考虑虚拟成本。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinthemiddleofaconflict?Howareyousupposedtomakethingsbetterwithoutcompletelygivingintotheotherparty?____11____Therearepracticalstepsyoucantaketoimprovethesituationandmakethingsright.____12____Beforejumpingintoaconversation,takeamomenttounderstandtheissueathand,becausepreparednessisthekey.Youshouldgiveyourselfsometimetofigureoutwhat’sactuallytroublingyou.Trytoseparateyourwantsfromyourneeds,soyourfutureconversationscanbeasproductiveaspossible.Lightentheconversationwithpositivebodylanguage.Yourbodylanguagecansignificantlyimpactthedirectionoftheconversation.____13____Trykeepingyourbodylanguageneutral(中立的)ifyou’rehavingdifficultystayingcalm.Forexample,avoidcrossingyourarmsorturningawaywhentheotherpersonspeaks.Simplegestures,likeagentletouchoranactive,thoughtfulresponse,canhelpguidetheconversationinamorerelaxeddirection.Talkaboutthepresentinsteadofthepast.Inaconflict,peopleoftenbringuppastfault.Whetheryoumadea.mistakeinthepastortheotherpersonsaidsomethingrudemonthsago,discussingthepastwon’thelpyousolvewhateverishappeningnow.Infact,itcanmakethingsworse.____14____Listencarefullytotheotherparty.____15____Showthatyou’relisteningbyrepeatingthekeypointsthattheotherpersonmakes.Andyoucansummarizetheirmainpointsoraskquestionstoclarifyanymisunderstandings.Thishelpsensureyou’rebothonthesamepageandthattheconversationstaysproductive.A.Takeiteasy.B.Standintheotherparty’sshoes.C.Focusontheotherperson’sbodylanguage.D.Beclearaboutwhattheexactproblemis.E.Nervousbodylanguageworsensconversations.F.Lettheotherpersonsharetheirideaswithoutcuttingin.G.Instead,focusonthecurrentissueandworktogethertofindasolution.【答案】11.A12.D13.E14.G15.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在遇到冲突时，如何在不完全向对方妥协的情况下改善局面、解决问题的几个实用步骤，包括保持从容、明确问题、注意肢体语言、关注当下以及认真倾听等。【11题详析】根据上文“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinthemiddleofaconflict?Howareyousupposedtomakethingsbetterwithoutcompletelygivingintotheotherparty?(你是否曾经发现自己陷入冲突之中？如何在不完全向对方妥协的情况下让事情好转呢？)”以及下文“Therearepracticalstepsyoucantaketoimprovethesituationandmakethingsright.(你可以采取一些实际的步骤来改善情况，让事情变得正确)”可知，上文说的是如何在不完全向对方妥协的情况下让事情好转，下文说的是采取一些实际的步骤来改善情况，让事情变得正确，可推理出此处需要一句承上启下的话，承接上文提出的冲突困境，引出下文的解决步骤。A选项“Takeiteasy(放轻松)”符合语境，起到了安抚情绪、引出下文解决方法的作用。故选A项。【12题详析】根据下文“Beforejumpingintoaconversation,takeamomenttounderstandtheissueathand,becausepreparednessisthekey.Youshouldgiveyourselfsometimetofigureoutwhat’sactuallytroublingyou.(在开始对话之前，花点时间了解手头的问题，因为做好准备是关键。你应该给自己一些时间弄清楚到底是什么在困扰你)”可知，上文说的是要花点时间了解手头的问题，弄清楚到底是什么在困扰你，可推理出空白处表达的是要明确你的问题是什么，D选项“Beclearaboutwhattheexactproblemis(明确确切的问题是什么)”能够概括该段主旨，适合作为本段的主题句。故选D项。【13题详析】根据上文“Yourbodylanguagecansignificantlyimpactthedirectionoftheconversation(你的肢体语言会显著影响对话的方向)”以及下文“Trykeepingyourbodylanguageneutralifyou’rehavingdifficultystayingcalm.(如果你难以保持冷静，试着让你的肢体语言保持中立)”可知，上文说的是肢体语言会显著影响对话的方向，下文说的是如果你难以保持冷静，试着让你的肢体语言保持中立，可推理出空白处表示的是不好的肢体语言的负面影响，E选项“Nervousbodylanguageworsensconversations.(紧张的肢体语言会使对话变得更糟)”表达的含义符合语境。故选E项。【14题详析】根据上文“Inaconflict,peopleoftenbringuppastfault.Whetheryoumadeamistakeinthepastortheotherpersonsaidsomethingrudemonthsago,discussingthepastwon’thelpyousolvewhateverishappeningnow.Infact,itcanmakethingsworse(在冲突中，人们经常提起过去的过错。无论你过去犯了错误，还是对方几个月前说了粗鲁的话，讨论过去都无助于解决现在发生的事情。事实上，这会让事情变得更糟)”可知，上文强调讨论过去不好，会让事情变得更糟，可推理出空白处应该提出相反的做法，即关注当下。G选项“Instead,focusonthecurrentissueandworktogethertofindasolution(相反，专注于当前的问题，共同努力找到解决方案)”符合语境，“instead”承接上文，引出正确的做法。故选G项。【15题详析】根据上文“Listencarefullytotheotherparty(认真倾听对方)”以及下文“Showthatyou’relisteningbyrepeatingthekeypointsthattheotherpersonmakes(通过重复对方提出的要点来表明你在倾听)”可知，上文说的是要认真倾听对方，下文说的是通过重复对方提出的要点来表明你在倾听，可推理出此处是在讲倾听时的具体做法。F选项“Lettheotherpersonsharetheirideaswithoutcuttingin(让对方分享他们的想法，不要插嘴)”是认真倾听的表现之一，符合语境，与下文的内容相衔接。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onthesportsfield,athletescompetenotonlywithothersbutagainstthemselves.Andineachrace,theytryto____16____theirpersonalbestrecords.ForBrandonSchutt,hisfinalcross-countryracewasn’taboutclockingthefastesttime,butaboutdemonstratinghis____17____.Amileintothe3.1-milerace,Schuttrealizedhecouldn’tmaintaintheexpectedspeed,sohedecidedto____18____theraceinstead,slowingdowntoacomfortablepace.BlakeCerveny,anotherrunner,aimedtoachieveanewpersonalbest.Afterafaststart,hecontinuedtopushhimself____19____.However,withlessthan400meterstogo,hislegscrampedup(抽筋),causinghimto____20____.However,Cervenywas____21____.Herosefromthegroundandcontinuedonhisway,onlytofallagainafteranother150meters.Feeling____22____,hiscoachaskedCervenyifhewantedto____23____.Hedidn’t.Theyoungrunnerpulledhimselfupandwith____24____steps,hemovedforward.At100metersfromthefinishline,he____25____curled(蜷缩的)ontheground.Hislegshadsimplygivenout.ThenSchuttwenttoCervenyandoffereda____26____hand.Thoughhisfirst____27____togetCervenyupfailed,withasecondtry,Cervenywasonhisfeet.Thetwo____28____thefinal75meters.Intoday’scompetitiveworld,the____29____ofathleticsisusuallyputonbreakingrecords.ItisinspiringtoseethatforathleteslikeSchutt,thevalueoftrue____30____stillmattered.16.A.beat B.maintain C.track D.accept17.A.goodness B.determination C.patience D.competitiveness18.A.lengthen B.enjoy C.observe D.dominate19.A.slightly B.carefully C.hard D.aside20.A.hesitate B.collapse C.recover D.return21.A.clear-headed B.high-spirited C.well-prepared D.strong-willed22.A.confused B.amused C.disappointed D.concerned23.A.goon B.calmdown C.giveup D.catchup24.A.unbalanced B.unadjusted C.unaffected D.unskilled25.A.waved B.lay C.sighed D.stood26.A.longing B.helping C.greeting D.guiding27.A.experiment B.responsibility C.request D.attempt28.A.recorded B.valued C.measured D.completed29.A.authority B.characteristic C.importance D.permission30.A.sportsmanship B.cooperation C.workmanship D.independence【答案】16.A17.B18.B19.C20.B21.D22.D23.C24.A25.B26.B27.D28.D29.C30.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述越野赛中，BrandonSchutt放弃创佳绩，帮助腿部抽筋多次摔倒的BlakeCerveny，两人一同完成比赛，彰显真正的体育精神。【16题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在每一场比赛中，他们都试图打破自己的个人最佳记录。A.beat打破；B.maintain维持；C.track追踪；D.accept接受。根据下文“theirpersonalbestrecords”以及语境可知，这里指运动员比赛时会努力打破自己的最佳记录，beat符合语境。故选A项。【17题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于BrandonSchutt来说，他最后的越野赛跑不是为了跑出最快的时间，而是为了展示他的决心。A.goodness善良；B.determination决心；C.patience耐心；D.competitiveness竞争力。根据下文“

theraceinstead,slowingdowntoacomfortablepace”以及语境可知，后文提到Schutt因无法保持速度而选择调整节奏，但依然坚持完成比赛，体现了他参加比赛的“决心”，而非单纯追求速度或竞争。故选B项。【18题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在3.1英里的比赛中跑了一英里后，Schutt意识到自己无法保持预期的速度，于是他决定享受比赛，放慢速度，保持舒适的节奏。A.lengthen延长；B.enjoy享受；C.observe观察；D.dominate主导。根据下文“slowingdowntoacomfortablepace”可知，Schutt决定不再追求突破自己了，而是享受比赛，enjoy符合语境。故选B项。【19题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一开始跑得很快之后，他继续奋力向前。A.slightly轻微地；B.carefully仔细地；C.hard努力地；D.aside在旁边。根据上文“aimedtoachieveanewpersonalbest”可知，这里指他努力拼搏准备突破自我，pushoneselfhard，表示“奋力拼搏”，符合语境。故选C项。【20题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在还剩不到400米的时候，他的腿抽筋了，导致他摔倒了。A.hesitate犹豫；B.collapse摔倒；C.recover恢复；D.return返回。根据下文“Herosefromtheground”可知，这里指他摔倒了，collapse符合语境。故选B项。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Cerveny意志坚定。A.clear-headed头脑清醒的；B.high-spirited兴致勃勃的；C.well-prepared准备充分的；D.strong-willed意志坚定的。根据下文“Herosefromthegroundandcontinuedonhisway”以及语境可知，他意志坚定，决定继续坚持跑完，strong-willed符合语境。故选D项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教练很担心，问Cerveny是否想放弃。A.confused困惑的；B.amused好笑的；C.disappointed失望的；D.concerned担心的。根据上文“onlytofallagainafteranother150meters”以及语境可知，这里指Cerveny多次摔倒，教练会担心他是否还可以继续完成比赛，concerned符合语境。故选D项。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：教练很担心，问Cerveny是否想放弃。A.goon继续；B.calmdown冷静；C.giveup放弃；D.catchup赶上。根据上文“onlytofallagainafteranother150meters”以及语境可知，Cerveny状况不佳，教练询问他是否要放弃，giveup符合语境。故选C项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻的赛跑运动员站起来，迈着不稳的步伐向前移动。A.unbalanced不稳的；B.unadjusted未调整的；C.unaffected未受影响的；D.unskilled不熟练的。根据上文“hislegscrampedup(抽筋)”以及语境可知，这里指Cerveny腿抽筋且多次摔倒，步伐会不稳，unbalanced符合语境。故选A项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在距离终点线100米处，他蜷缩着躺在地上。A.waved挥手；B.lay躺；C.sighed叹气；D.stood站。根据下文“curled(蜷缩的)ontheground”以及语境可知，这里指他躺在地上，lay符合语境。故选B项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Schutt走向Cerveny，伸出了援助之手。A.longing渴望的；B.helping帮助的；C.greeting问候的；D.guiding指导的。根据下文“ThoughhisfirsttogetCervenyupfailed,withasecondtry,Cervenywasonhisfeet.”以及语境可知，Schutt帮助Cerveny站起来，他伸出援助之手，helping符合语境。故选B项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他第一次尝试扶起Cerveny失败了，但第二次尝试时，Cerveny站了起来。A.experiment实验；B.responsibility责任；C.request请求；D.attempt尝试。根据下文“withasecondtry”可知，此处指第一次尝试失败了，attempt符合语境。故选D项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人一起完成了最后的75米。A.recorded记录；B.valued重视；C.measured测量；D.completed完成。根据下文“thefinal75meters”以及语境可知，这里指他们一起跑完了剩下的路程，completed符合语境。故选D项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今这个竞争激烈的世界，人们通常把体育运动的重要性放在破纪录上。A.authority权威；B.characteristic特征；C.importance重要性；D.permission许可。根据上文“theytrytotheirpersonalbestrecords.”以及语境语境，这里指人们看重体育运动中破纪录的重要性，importance符合语境。故选C项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到像Schutt这样的运动员，真正的体育精神的价值仍然重要，这很鼓舞人心。A.sportsmanship体育精神；B.cooperation合作；C.workmanship工艺；D.independence独立。根据上文“ThenSchuttwenttoCervenyandofferedahand.”以及语境可知，Schutt帮助竞争对手，体现了体育精神，sportsmanship符合语境。故选A项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据提示完成句子，在相应位置填入1个适当的完整单词，注意所填单词的形式。31.Theexplosiono__________(发生)around8o’clocklastnight,rightbeforeourunbelievingeyes.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】occurred【详析】考查动词、时态。句意：爆炸发生在昨晚8点左右，就在我们难以置信的眼前。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母o开头且表示“发生”含义的表达为occur，根据时间状语around8o’clocklastnight可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作，此处应用一般过去时。故填occurred。32.Thesuccessorf__________(失败)oftheplandependsonyou.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】failure【详析】考查名词。句意：这个计划的成败取决于你。名词failure作为“失败”之意，为不可数名词。根据汉语提示及句意，故填failure。33.Sherefusedtoallowthee__________(展出)ofherhusband’swork.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】exhibition【详析】考查名词。句意：她拒绝展出她丈夫的作品。根据空格前的冠词the可知，空格处应填名词作动词allow的宾语，结合汉语提示“展出”是exhibition，此处为不可数名词。故填exhibition。34.Thea__________(平均)scoreofourgrouproseby5.2%,whichwasbeyondeveryone’sexpectation.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】average【详析】考查形容词。句意：我们组的平均分上升了5.2%，这超出了所有人的预期。根据首字母和中文提示可知，此处使用形容词average，修饰名词score，作定语。故填average。35.Alld__________(捐献)bloodistestedforHIVandotherinfections.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】donated【详析】考查过去分词。句意：所有捐献的血液都经过了艾滋病病毒和其他感染的检测。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母d开头且表示“捐献”含义的表达为donate，此处修饰名词blood，应用其过去分词形式作定语，表示“被捐献的”，故填donated。36.Afaintbluelights__________(射出)acrossit,andpresentlyshecouldseetheimageofherson,wholivedontheothersideoftheearth.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】shot【详析】考查动词、时态。句意：一道微弱的蓝光射过它，很快她就看到了住在地球另一端的儿子的影像。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母s开头且表示“射出”含义的表达为shoot，根据下文“wholivedontheothersideoftheearth(住在地球另一端)”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作，此处应用一般过去时，shoot的过去式为shot。故填shot。37.Ittooksometwohoursbeforethec__________(人群)wasfullydispersed.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】crowd【详析】考查名词。句意：大约花了两个小时人群才完全散开。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母c开头且表示“人群”含义的表达为crowd，因空白处在从句中做主语，结合was可知，应用名词单数形式。故填crowd。38.Recentyearshavewitnessedthechangesinpublica__________(态度)tomarriage.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】attitude【详析】考查名词。句意：近年来，公众对于婚姻的看法发生了变化。根据中英文提示可知用名词attitude，作宾语。故填attitude。39.HeknewIwase________(精力充沛的)anddynamicandwouldgetthingsdone.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】energetic【详析】考查形容词。句意：他知道我是精力充沛的、充满活力的，并且会把事情做好。“精力充沛的”为energetic，作表语。故填energetic。40.Feelinge__________(极度)discouraged,Ialmostgaveup.ButIovercamemyfearwiththesupportofmyteachersandfriends.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】extremely【详析】考查副词。句意：我感到极度沮丧，几乎要放弃了。但在老师和朋友们的支持下，我克服了恐惧。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母e开头且表示“极度”含义的表达为extremely，此处修饰形容词discouraged，应用副词形式。故填extremely。第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。FinningwouldhaveanunexpectedeffectuponPeterBenchley,themanwhowrotethebookthefilmJawswasbasedon.In1980,Benchley____41____(dive)whenhecameacrossanawfulsight.Itwasanareawherefishermenwerefinning,andtheseafloorwascoveredwith____42____(die)sharks.Benchleysawsharksbeingkilled____43____thiscauseddeepchangeinhim.Hecametoseepeople____44____adangertosharks,ratherthantheotherwayround.Fromthatdayon,hefoughttoprotectsharks.【答案】41.wasdiving42.dead43.and44.as【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了《大白鲨》原著作者PeterBenchley在目睹渔民割鳍行为后，对鲨鱼的态度发生转变，转而致力于保护鲨鱼的故事。【41题详析】考查固定句型。句意：1980年，Benchley正在潜水时，偶然看到了可怕的一幕。was/weredoingsth.when...是固定句型，意为“正在……，这时……”，主语Benchley是专有名词，助动词用was，故填wasdiving。【42题详析】考查形容词。句意：那是一个渔民割鳍的区域，海底布满了死鲨鱼。空白处修饰名词sharks，应使用形容词作定语；die的形容词形式是dead，故填dead。【43题详析】考查连词。句意：Benchley看到鲨鱼被杀害，这给他带来了深刻的改变。根据“Benchleysawsharksbeingkilled(Benchley看到鲨鱼被杀害)”和“thiscauseddeepchangeinhim(这给他带来了深刻的改变)”可知，前后分句之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。【44题详析】考查介词。句意：他开始认为人类是鲨鱼的威胁，而不是相反。根据“adangertosharks(一个对鲨鱼的威胁)”可知此处表达的是把人类看作是对鲨鱼的威胁，空白处应填表示“作为”含义的介词，且“see...as...”是固定短语，意为“把……看作……”，符合语境，故填as。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Later,Ryan’sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundationtoencouragemorepeopletohelp.Many____45____(inspire)peoplegavehimtheirsupport.Ryan’sfoundationcontinuestoattractsupportfrommoreandmorepeople,sotheworkof____46____(build)morewellscangoon.Today,over800,000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedfromthelife-changinggiftofcle