2025-2026学年江苏省南京市六校联合体高三上学期8月学情调研考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省南京市六校联合体2025-2026学年高三上学期8月学情调研考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanoccupyherselfindoing?A.Takingdanceclasses. B.Finishingreports. C.Preparingforalongrace.【答案】C【原文】M:How’slifetreatingyou?W:Prettybusy.I’mtraininghardforthecomingmarathoninourcity.Andyou?M:Well,I’mbusywithsomereportsduringthedayanddanceclassesatnight.2.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisjob?A.It’senjoyable. B.It’sboring. C.It’sworrying.【答案】A【原文】W:How’syourjobasasoundengineer?Isitboring?M:Definitelynot.It’sarewardingcareer.Ioperatevariousdevicesandbalancethelevelsofdifferentsoundstocreateanengagingaudioexperience.3.Whatisthewomanmainlydoing?A.Sharingexperienceincheckingpricelabels.B.Givingtipsonwashingclothesproperly.C.Praisingtheman’slaundryservice.【答案】B【原文】W:Doyouknowanydosanddon’tsforlaundry?M:Yeah.Alwayscheckcarelabels,right?W:That’sright!Usecoldwaterforcoloredclothesandhotwaterforwhiteclothes.Asfordelicatefabrics,usethegentlecycle.Anddon’tforgettoemptyoutthepockets.M:Gotit,laundryexpert!4.WhomightSarahbe?A.AnHRdirector. B.Asaleswoman. C.Anaccountant.【答案】A【原文】W:Calvin,haveyoumetthenewcomer?Doyouknowifhe’sasalesmanoranaccountant?M:Ihavenoidea.Let’saskSarah.Shedoesthehiringandfiringinourcompany.Sheshouldknowwhoheis.W:Okay.5.Howdidthemangotoworktoday?A.Onfoot. B.Bysubway. C.Bycar.【答案】B【原文】W:Youdidn’tdrivetoworktoday.Didyourcarbreakdown?M:No,mylicenseplatenumberisrestrictedtoday.Itookthesubwayinstead.Itgavemeadifferentfeeling.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whyisthewomanunwillingtogetanelectroniclock?A.Itistooexpensive.B.Shemightforgetthepassword.C.Itmayhavesometechnicalproblems.7.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Pickingawell-recognizedbrand.B.Carryingasparetraditionalkey.C.Downloadinganapptotheirsmartphones.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】M:Haveyouconsideredswitchingtoanelectroniclocksinceyouoftenforgetyourkey?Electroniclocksaremoreconvenient,thoughtheyaremoreexpensive.W:I’mnotkeenontheidea.Iworryabouttechnicalissueswithelectronicones.M:Electroniclockshaveadvancedtechnology,andwecanevencontrolthemwithoursmartphones.W:Traditionallockshavebeenreliableforages.AndIpreferthetouchofatraditionalkey.M:Iunderstandyourconcerns.Wecanchoosealeadingbrandandsetupastrongpassword.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.WhathasimpressedLisamostaboutherdormitorylife?A.Havingdiscussionsoncourses.B.Watchinglate-nightmovies.C.TakingpartinDIYprojects.9.WhathasLisalearnedfromherdormitorylife?A.Calmness. B.Independence. C.Responsibility.【答案】8.C9.A【原文】M:Lisa,youhavelivedinyourdormitoryfornearlythreeyears.Howdoyoufeel?W:Prettygood!Myroommatesarenice.Weoftenwatchlate-nightmovies.WeoncetriedDIYprojectstogether,whichhasbeenthemostimpressivethingforme.M:Soundslikefun!W:Yeah.Dormitorylifeislikeacrashcourseinreal-worldskills.I’velearnedtostaycalmandhandlethingspositivelyinsteadofjustcomplaining.M:IhopeIcanadapttodormitorylifelikeyoudo.Iwanttobecomemoreindependentandresponsible.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatsubjectdoesthemanteach?A.Worldhistory. B.Literature. C.Science.11.Whatdoesthemanthinkcanbetterhelpstudentsengageinpreservation?A.Holdingsomecompetitions.B.Organizingfieldtripstomuseums.C.Encouragingthemtodovolunteerwork.12.Whatisthepointofpreservingculturalheritageaccordingtothewoman?A.Itteachespeopleaboutdiversity.B.Itconnectspeopletotheirroots.C.Itpositivelyinfluencesthefuture.【答案】10.B11.A12.C【原文】M:I’mplanningtointegrateknowledgeaboutpreservingculturalheritageintoclasses.W:Greatidea.Howdoyouplantodoitinyourliteratureclass?M:Well,Icouldexplorehistoricaltextsanddiscusstheculturalcontextinwhichtheywerewritten.W:Interestingapproach.Inscienceclass,Icantalkaboutthescientifictechniquesusedinpreservation,likeclimatecontrolandmaterialanalysis.M:Wonderful.Now,howdowegetstudentsactivelyinvolvedinpreservation?W:Wecanorganizefieldtripstolocalmuseumsorheritagesites,andencouragethemtodovolunteerwork.M:Exactly.Involvingtheminprojects,likestartingawarenesscampaignsorhostingliteraturecompetitions,couldmakeitmoremeaningful.W:Iagree.Sowhatdoyouthinkisthesignificanceofpreservingculturalheritage?M:Itconnectsustoourroots,developsasenseofidentity,andteachesusaboutdiversity.W:Wellsaid.Preservingourpastisnotjustadutybutawaytoenrichourfuture.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatistheman’sfirstpieceofadviceforthewoman?A.Settingoffatherownspeed.B.Wearingahelmetatalltimes.C.Exploringdifferentroutes.14.Wheredoesthemannormallygocycling?A.Alongthecoast. B.Inthenearbypark. C.Inthemountains.15.Whatisthelongestdistancethemanhascycled?A.50kilometers. B.100kilometers. C.150kilometers.16.Whydoesthemanenjoygrouprides?A.Theyhelpbreakhiscyclingrecord.B.Theygivehimasenseofbelonging.C.Theyusuallyinvolveintensecompetition.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.B【原文】W:Iheardyouarereallyintocycling,Henry.I’vebeenthinkingaboutgivingitatry.Anytipsforabeginner?M:Definitely!First,getacomfortablebikeandstartatyourownpace.Beginwithshortridesandgraduallyincreasethedistance.Next,alwayswearahelmetforsafety.Plus,don’thesitatetoexploredifferentroutes.W:Goodadvice.Doyouhavearegularcyclingroute?M:Yes.Mostofthetime,Igocyclinginthenearbypark,andsometimesIridealongthecoastorinthemountains.W:Nice.What’sthelongestdistanceyou’vecycled?50kilometers?M:Mybestrecordis3timesthatdistance.W:Amazing!Iadmireyourwillpower.Bytheway,I’veheardaboutgrouprides.Haveyoueverattendedone?M:Yeah.Groupridesarefantastic.Ilikethem.Ienjoymeetingfellowcyclistsandsharingmyexperienceswiththem.Andthere’sagreatsenseofcommunity.It’sallforfun,notforcompetition.W:Cyclingseemslikeagreatwaytostayfitandenjoytheoutdoors.M:Ittrulyis.Giveitashot!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whatwasmentionedintheopenletter?A.TheconcernaboutAIaffectinghumancreativityinwriting.B.TheroleofsciencefictionininfluencingAIdevelopment.C.ThepotentialbenefitsofAIinthefieldofwriting.18.WhatisthemaintopicofthebookHUM?A.Afact-checkingprogramwiththepowertochangefacts.B.ApoetwhoagreestoworkwithanAIpoetrycompany.C.AwifeandmotherwhoisoutofworkduetoAI.19.WhoisRyanDoherty?A.Agovernmentworker. B.Adoctor. C.Adirector.20.WhichworkwascreatedwiththehelpofAI?A.Sike. B.DeathofanAuthor. C.InOurLikeness.【答案】17.A18.C19.C20.B【原文】W:Formanybookwriters,artificialintelligence(AI)isathreattotheirworkandtheveryideaofcreativity.Morethan10,000writerssupportedanopenletterabouttheissuefromtheAuthorsGuildthissummer.TheletterurgedAIcompaniesnottousecopyrightedworkswithoutpermissionorpayment.Atthesametime,AIisastorythatcanbetold,andnolongerexistsonlyinsciencefiction.HelenPhillipsisthewriterofthebookHUM.IttellsofawifeandmotherwholosesherjobbecauseofAI.PhillipssaidthereisahopeinAIforgainingallknowledge,butthereisa“fearofbeingreplacedbynon-humanintelligence”.RyanDohertyisadirectoratCeladonBooks.ItrecentlyagreedtopublishFredLunzker’sbookSike,featuringanAIdoctor.“We’vebeenseeingmoreandmoreaboutAIinbookproposals,”Dohertysaid.OtherAI-relatedbooksincludeDoYouRememberBeingBorn?IttellsofapoetwhoagreestoworkwithanAIpoetrycompany.ThereisalsoInOurLikeness.Ittellsaboutagovernmentworkerandafact-checkingprogramwiththepowertochangefacts.SomewritersarenotjustwritingaboutAI.Theyarealsoopenlyworkingwithit.Earlierthisyear,StephenMarcheusedAItowritetheshortbookDeathofanAuthor.SimonRichworkedwiththeAIprogram“code-davinci-002”tocreateIAmCode.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGivingbacktothecommunitymakesyourselfandothersfeelgreat.Whetheryouwanttohelpanimals,theenvironment,orpeopleinneed,volunteerwebsitescanmatchyouwithspecificopportunities.VolunteerMatchVolunteerMatchhasmatchedmillionsofpeoplewithwonderfulvolunteeropportunities.Whenyoutypeyourlocationinthesearchbar,VolunteerMatchlistsalltheworkpossibilitiesnearyou.Youcansortseveralpossibilitiesbycause—animals,children,seniors,women,andtheartsarejustsomeofthefilters(过滤器)youcanusetofindtherightvolunteerworkforyou.Sinceweliveinanagewhere

smartphoneappscanhelpsomeone,VolunteerMatchalsoallowsyoutocheckoutvirtualopportunities.Thisletsyoudovolunteerworkfromthecomfortofyourhome.EngageEngage(formerlyAllforGood)

usesyourlocationtofindopportunitiesnearyou.Enterthekindofvolunteerworkyouwanttodointhe

keywords

field,andtheninputyourlocation.Butifyou’renotlookingforaspecifictypeofopportunity,leaveanykeywordsout,enteryourlocation,andhit

search.Engage

providesyouwiththousandsofresultsforyoutochoosefrom.Thesitealsoletsyoufiltertheresultsbyremoteprojects,issuearea,andskillsrequired.JustServeJustServemakessigningupforvolunteerworkabreeze.Onceyoufindanopportunity,signupforanaccountonthewebsiteandshowupattheeventwhenthedaycomes.Typeinthelocationofyourchoicetoviewopportunities.Then,filtertheeventsbyagegroup,volunteerskills,andyourowninterests.JustServenotonlydisplaysone-timeevents,butit’llshowyouongoingopportunitiesaswell.UnitedWayIfyouevervolunteered,you’veprobablyheardofUnitedWay.Thisnonprofitorganizationspecializesingivingbacktothecommunity,especiallyineducation,healthcare,andfundraising.UnitedWayconnectsyouwithawiderangeofopportunitiesthatinvolvesupportingchildren,gardening,construction,therapy,disasterservices,andevenworkingatafoodbank.Tohelpyoufindthebestfit,thesiteletsyousortthroughopportunitiesbyyourskillsandfocusareas.Whenyousearchforopportunities,you’llfindthatUnitedWayinyourareasponsorsmostevents.Togetinvolvedinvolunteerworkoverseas,makesuretocontactyourlocalUnitedWay.21.Whichwebsiteallowsvolunteerstoworkfromhome?A.VolunteerMatch. B.Engage. C.JustServe. D.UnitedWay.22.WhatshouldonedoiftheywanttovolunteeroverseasthroughUnitedWay?A.Signupforanaccountonitsofficialapp. B.Filteropportunitiesby“overseas”keyword.C.ContactthelocalUnitedWaybranch. D.Applydirectlythroughthewebsite’ssearchbar.23.Howdothefourvolunteerwebsiteshelpusersfindsuitableopportunities?A.Byallowingfilteringbasedonspecificneeds.B.Byprovidingfreetrainingforvolunteerskills.C.Byrecommendingoverseasopportunitiesfirst.D.Byfocusingonlyonlong-termvolunteerprojects.【答案】21.A22.C23.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了四个志愿者网站，它们帮助用户根据自己的兴趣和技能找到合适的志愿服务机会。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据VolunteerMatch部分中的“Sinceweliveinanagewheresmartphoneappscanhelpsomeone,VolunteerMatchalsoallowsyoutocheckoutvirtualopportunities.Thisletsyoudovolunteerworkfromthecomfortofyourhome.(由于我们生活在一个智能手机应用程序可以帮助别人的时代，VolunteerMatch也允许你查看虚拟的机会。这可以让你在家里舒适地做志愿者工作。)”可知，VolunteerMatch网站允许志愿者在家工作。故选A。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据UnitedWay部分中的“Togetinvolvedinvolunteerworkoverseas,makesuretocontactyourlocalUnitedWay.(要参与海外的志愿者工作，一定要联系你当地的UnitedWay。)”可知，如果想通过UnitedWay去海外做志愿者，需要联系当地的UnitedWay。故选C。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据VolunteerMatch部分中的“Youcansortseveralpossibilitiesbycause—animals,children,seniors,women,andtheartsarejustsomeofthefilters(过滤器)youcanusetofindtherightvolunteerworkforyou.(你可以根据类别对几种可能性进行排序——动物、儿童、老年人、妇女和艺术只是你可以用来找到适合你的志愿者工作的一些过滤器。)”；Engage部分中的“Engageprovidesyouwiththousandsofresultsforyoutochoosefrom.Thesitealsoletsyoufiltertheresultsbyremoteprojects,issuearea,andskillsrequired.(Engage为你提供了成千上万的结果供你选择。该网站还允许你根据远程项目、问题领域和所需技能对结果进行筛选。)”；JustServe部分中的“Then,filtertheeventsbyagegroup,volunteerskills,andyourowninterests.(然后，根据年龄组、志愿者技能和你自己的兴趣对活动进行筛选。)”；以及UnitedWay部分中的“Tohelpyoufindthebestfit,thesiteletsyousortthroughopportunitiesbyyourskillsandfocusareas.(为了帮助你找到最适合的机会，该网站允许你根据你的技能和重点领域对机会进行排序。)”可知，这四个志愿者网站都允许用户根据自己的具体需求进行筛选，从而找到合适的志愿服务机会。故选A。BInthevastsymphonyofhumanexpression,fewdisciplinesengagethemindandstirthesoulquitelikemusicandphysics.Surprisingly,thesetwoareasareconnectedinwaysthathavebeenrecognizedforcenturies.EventhegreatAlbertEinstein,whoseideasreshapedourunderstandingoftheuniverse,famouslystatedthathadhispathledhimawayfromphysics,hewouldhavefoundjoyinplayingmusic.Asascientistandmusician,I’vebeenprivilegedtojourneybetweenbothdisciplines,discoveringtheprofoundconnectionsbeneaththesurface.MyjourneybeganintheBronx,wherehip-hopcultureandsciencecametogetherinexcitingways.Yearslater,atImperialCollegeLondon,Iwasonceagainimmersedinaspacewherecreativityandinquiryintegrated.IregularlystoppedintothestudioofthecelebratedproducerBrianEno,whereIwitnessedfirst-handhisuniquecombinationofartisticexpressionandscientificexploration.Tobridgethegapbetweendisciplines,IcreatedTheJazzofModernPhysicscourseatBrownUniversityinRhodeIsland,introducingstudentstothewondersofmodernphysicsthroughtheprinciplesofmusicandsound.Theresponsewasoverwhelming,asstudentsfromdiversebackgroundsembracedtheopportunitytoexploretheintersectionofartandscienceinnewandunexpectedways.Theylearnedabouttheharmonicsofstringtheory(弦理论)andtherhythmsofquantummechanics(量子力学)expressedthroughmathematicsandmelody.MymissioncontinuedwiththefoundingoftheSound+Scienceafter-schoolprogram,aimedatstudentsfromunderservedcommunities.Inthisprogram,studentsuseelectronicmusicequipmenttoexplorethephysicsofsoundwavesandharmonics.TheyworkalongsidePhDstudentsinmusicandphysics,discoveringthebeautyofmathandtheexcitementofaudioexperimentation.Intheconnectionbetweenmusicandphysics,weseethatwearenotjustobserversoftheuniversebutactiveparticipantsinitsongoingsymphony.Letusembracethisharmony,wherescienceandmusiccometogethertounlockthemysteriesoftheuniverseandthedepthsofoursouls.24.Einstein’sstatementismentionedinparagraph1tohighlight______.A.hisdeepinsightsintomusicB.thechallengesofcareerswitchingC.hisinfluenceinthefieldofscienceD.time-testedlinksbetweenartandscience25.WhydidthewritercreateTheJazzofModernPhysicscourse?A.Toteachclassicalmusictheory.B.Tocombinemusicandphysics.C.Tointroducequantummechanics.D.Toexplorediverseopportunities.26.Howdoesthewritermainlysupporthisviewpoint?A.Byreferringtohistoricalevents.B.Bypresentingscientificdefinitions.C.Bycomparingexperimentalresults.D.Bysharingcareer-relatedexperiences.27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Music’sRoleinScientificDiscoveryB.AJourneythroughMusicandScienceC.HarmonizingScienceandMusicD.ExploringthePhysicsofSound【答案】24.D25.B26.D27.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者作为科学家和音乐家，发现音乐与物理的联系，通过开设课程和创办项目等经历，倡导将科学与音乐融合去探索宇宙奥秘。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly,thesetwoareasareconnectedinwaysthathavebeenrecognizedforcenturies.EventhegreatAlbertEinstein,whoseideasreshapedourunderstandingoftheuniverse,famouslystatedthathadhispathledhimawayfromphysics,hewouldhavefoundjoyinplayingmusic.(令人惊讶的是，这两个领域的联系已经被认识了几个世纪。就连伟大的阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他的思想重塑了我们对宇宙的理解，也有句名言说，如果他的人生道路不是选择了物理，他会在演奏音乐中找到乐趣)”可知，提到爱因斯坦的话是为了强调艺术(音乐)和科学(物理)之间久经考验的联系。故选D项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tobridgethegapbetweendisciplines,IcreatedTheJazzofModernPhysicscourseatBrownUniversityinRhodeIsland,introducingstudentstothewondersofmodernphysicsthroughtheprinciplesofmusicandsound.(为了弥合不同学科之间的差距，我在罗德岛的布朗大学开设了‘现代物理的爵士乐’课程，通过音乐和声音的原理向学生介绍现代物理的奇妙之处)”可知，作者开设该课程是为了弥合不同学科之间的差距，将音乐和物理结合起来。故选B项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Asascientistandmusician,I’vebeenprivilegedtojourneybetweenbothdisciplines,discoveringtheprofoundconnectionsbeneaththesurface.MyjourneybeganintheBronx,wherehiphopcultureandsciencecametogetherinexcitingways.Yearslater,atImperialCollegeLondon,Iwasonceagainimmersedinaspacewherecreativityandinquiryintegrated.(作为一名科学家和音乐家，我有幸在这两个学科之间探索，发现了表面之下的深刻联系。我的探索之旅始于布朗克斯，在那里嘻哈文化和科学以令人兴奋的方式融合在一起。多年后，在伦敦帝国理工学院，我再次沉浸在一个创造力和探究精神相融合的环境中)”以及后文提到的开设课程和创办项目等内容可知，作者主要通过分享与职业相关的经历来支持自己的观点。故选D项。【27题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“Intheconnectionbetweenmusicandphysics,weseethatwearenotjustobserversoftheuniversebutactiveparticipantsinitsongoingsymphony.Letusembracethisharmony,wherescienceandmusiccometogethertounlockthemysteriesoftheuniverseandthedepthsofoursouls.(在音乐和物理的联系中，我们看到我们不仅仅是宇宙的观察者，更是其持续乐章中的积极参与者。让我们拥抱这种和谐，在那里科学和音乐结合在一起，解开宇宙的奥秘和我们灵魂的深处)”可知，文章主要强调要让科学和音乐和谐融合。故C项“HarmonizingScienceandMusic(使科学与音乐和谐)”最适合做文章标题。故选C项。CAleadingfossilexperthassuggestedthattheclimatecrisismightmakehumanssmallerovertimebecausesmallermammalsoftenhandlerisingtemperaturesbetter.SteveBrusatte,afossilexpertfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,thinkslookingathowanimalsdealtwithpastclimatechangescanhelpusguesswhatmighthappentohumans.Forexample,about55millionyearsago,whentheworldgothotter,earlyhorsesbecamesmaller.Hewondersifhumanscouldfollowasimilarpattern.InhisbookTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,BrusattetalksaboutsomethingcalledBergmann’srule.It’sanideathatanimalsinwarmplacesareusuallysmallerthanthoseincoldareas.“We’renotsureexactlywhy,”heexplains,“butsmalleranimalsprobablyhaveanadvantage.Theirbodieshavemoresurfaceareacomparedtotheirsize,whichhelpsthememitextraheatmoreeasily.”Brusattesaysgettingsmalleris“acommonwaymammalssurvivewhentheclimatechangesfast.”Headds,“Noteverymammalwouldshrink,butit’satrickmanyusewhentemperaturesrisequickly.Socouldhumansgetsmallerifitgetshotfast?Ithinkthat’spossible.”Butnotallexpertsagree.AdrianLister,fromLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum,saysthelinkbetweenheatandshrinkinginmammalsisn’tstrong,especiallyforhumans.“Naturalselectiondoesn’tcontroluslikeitusedto,”heargues.“Forhumanstogetsmaller,biggerpeoplewouldhavetodiebeforehavingkidsbecauseoftheheat.Butthat’snothappening.Wehaveclothes,heaters,andairconditionerstohandletemperaturechanges.Thesethingsreducetheneedforourbodiestoevolvetocopewithheat.”Sowhilesomethinkhumansmightshrinkduetoclimatechange,othersdoubtit.It’saninterestingdebate—onethatshowshownatureandhumantechnologymightshapeourfuture.28.WhydoesSteveBrusattementionearlyhorsesthatlived55millionyearsago?A.ToconfirmBergmann’sruleappliesuniversally.B.Tosuggesthumansareboundtobecomesmaller.C.Todemonstratetemperature’seffectonhorseevolution.D.Toshowhowmammalsadaptedtohistoricalclimateshifts.29.WhatcanbelearnedfromBergmann’sruleasexplainedinthepassage?A.Surfaceareaaloneaffectsanimals’heatemission.B.Smalleranimalsaremoreadaptabletowarmenvironments.C.Warm-regionmammalsevolvefasterthancold-regionones.D.Smalleranimalswillreplacelargeronesastheclimatewarms.30.WhatdoesAdrianListerimplyabouthumanevolution?A.Humanstendtogrowlargerinhotclimates.B.Naturalselectionstillshapeshumanbodysize.C.Climatechangenolongeraffectshumanevolution.D.Technologyreducestheneedforclimateadaptation.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Climatecrisis’simpactonhumansizeevolution.B.Moderntechnology’simpactonnaturalselection.C.Mammalevolutioninresponsetoclimatechange.D.TheapplicationofBergmann’sruleinmodernsociety.【答案】28.D29.B30.D31.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化是否会影响人类体型大小进化的问题。一些专家认为，随着气候变暖，小型哺乳动物通常能更好地应对高温，因此人类可能会逐渐变小。然而，还有一些专家认为，由于人类技术的发展，如衣服、暖气和空调等，已经减少了身体需要进化来应对温度变化的必要性，因此气候变化可能不再影响人类进化。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“SteveBrusatte,afossilexpertfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,thinkslookingathowanimalsdealtwithpastclimatechangescanhelpusguesswhatmighthappentohumans.Forexample,about55millionyearsago,whentheworldgothotter,earlyhorsesbecamesmaller.(来自爱丁堡大学的化石专家SteveBrusatte认为，观察动物如何应对过去的气候变化可以帮助我们猜测人类可能会发生什么。例如，大约5500万年前，当世界变得更热时，早期的马变得更小。)”可知，他通过这一例子来展示哺乳动物是如何适应气候变化的，因此D选项“Toshowhowmammalsadaptedtohistoricalclimateshifts.(为了展示哺乳动物是如何适应历史上的气候变化的。)”符合题意。故选D。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’sanideathatanimalsinwarmplacesareusuallysmallerthanthoseincoldareas.“We’renotsureexactlywhy,”heexplains,“butsmalleranimalsprobablyhaveanadvantage.Theirbodieshavemoresurfaceareacomparedtotheirsize,whichhelpsthememitextraheatmoreeasily.”(这是一种观点，认为生活在温暖地方的动物通常比生活在寒冷地区的动物要小。“我们还不太确定具体的原因，”他解释道，“但是小型动物可能具有某种优势。与它们的体型相比，它们的身体拥有更大的表面积，这有助于它们更容易地散发多余的热量。”)”可知，此处解释了Bergmann法则即生活在温暖地方的动物通常比生活在寒冷地区的动物小，且小型动物在散热方面具有优势。因此，B选项“Smalleranimalsaremoreadaptabletowarmenvironments.(小型动物更适应温暖的环境)”符合题意。故选B。【30题详析】推理判断题。AdrianLister在第五段中提到“Wehaveclothes,heaters,andairconditionerstohandletemperaturechanges.Thesethingsreducetheneedforourbodiestoevolvetocopewithheat.(我们有衣服、加热器和空调来处理温度变化。这些东西减少了我们的身体为了应对热量而进化的需要。)”可知，他认为技术减少了人类为适应气候而进化的需求。因此，D选项“Technologyreducestheneedforclimateadaptation.(技术减少了适应气候的需求)”符合题意。故选D。【31题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Aleadingfossilexperthassuggestedthattheclimatecrisismightmakehumanssmallerovertimebecausesmallermammalsoftenhandlerisingtemperaturesbetter.(一位顶尖的化石专家提出，气候危机可能会使人类随着时间的推移而体型变小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物通常能更好地应对温度上升的情况。)”以及通读全文可知，文章开头就提出了化石专家SteveBrusatte的观点，即气候危机可能会使人类逐渐变小，因为小型哺乳动物通常能更好地应对高温。接下来的内容都是围绕这一观点展开的，包括其他专家对这一观点的看法和争议，由此讨论的是气候危机对人类体型进化的影响。因此，A选项“Climatecrisis’simpactonhumansizeevolution.(气候危机对人类体型进化的影响。)”概括了文章的主旨大意。故选A。DCriticalthinkinginfluencesourdailylivesmoreextensivelythanwetypicallyacknowledge.Evencommondecisions,suchasselectingabreakfast,involvesubconscious(下意识的)applicationofcriticalthinkingasweweighfactorslikenutrition,tastepreferences,anddietaryneedstodeterminethebestoptionforthatparticularmorning.​Thisabilityfunctionsmuchlikeamuscle—itstrengthensprogressivelywithdeliberatepractice.Asacornerstoneofprofessionalsuccess,criticalthinkingequipsindividualswiththecapacitytonavigateworkplacechallenges,systematicallytesthypotheses(假说)throughcontinuoustrials,andputforwardeffectivesolutionstocomplexproblems.Itssignificanceincareeradvancementcannotbeoverstated.​Fundamentally,criticalthinkingreferstothecapacitytocomprehend,assess,andanalyzefactualinformationtoformreasonedjudgmentsorevaluatethevalidityofclaims.Beyondmerecuriosityabouttheworld,criticalthinkersexcelatestablishinglogicalconnectionsbetweenideastograspbroadercontexts.Developingthisskillenablesindividualstoconveytheirthoughtslogically,presentargumentssystematically,andmakeinformeddecisionshelpfultocontinuousimprovement.​Whilescientificprofessionsclearlydemandcriticalthinking,itsapplicationextendsacrossdiversecareersincludinglaw,medicine,journalism,engineering,accounting,andanalysis.TheWorldEconomicForumconsistentlyidentifiesitasanimportantworkforceskillduetoitsroleinenhancinginformationanalysis,improvingcreativity,enablinginnovativeproblem-solving,andadvancingstrategicplanning.Ineverydaylife,criticalthinkingoperatesinconspicuouslyyetpowerfully,empoweringindependentthoughtandjudgment.​Contrarytocommonmisconceptions,criticalthinkingstrengthensinterpersonalrelationshipsbyboostingempathyforothers’perspectivesandmaintaininganopenmindset.Criticalthinkersmaintainintellectualcuriosity,poseinquiringquestions,andrefusetoacceptinformationatfacevalue.Criticalthinkingisn’tjustanice-to-have;it’showwegrow,improve,andmakesenseofanincreasinglycomplexworld.Ithelpsusaskbetterquestions,listenmoredeeply,andapproachproblemswithclarityinsteadofchaos.32.Whichmethodbesthelpsdevelopcriticalthinkingskillsaccordingtothepassage?A.Learningthroughrepeatederrors. B.Developingstrongeremotionalawareness.C.Engaginginfocused,intentionalpractice. D.Makingdecisionsbasedonsubconsciousness.33.Whichexamplebestshowscriticalthinking?A.Consumersbuyphonesjustbasedonads. B.Doctorsanalyzetestsbeforetreatment.C.Viewersbelievenewswithoutconfirmation. D.Managersoveremphasizecertificatesinhiring.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inconspicuously”inparagraph4mean?A.Obviously. B.Precisely. C.Unnoticeably. D.Abstractly.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Criticalthinkinghelpsdrivetheworldforward.B.Criticalthinkingharmsinterpersonalrelationships.C.Criticalthinkersrefusetoacceptbasicinformation.D.Criticalthinkerscanputthemselvesinothers’shoes.【答案】32.C33.B34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了批判性思维在日常生活和职业发展中的重要性。文章还强调了批判性思维在增强人际关系、促进个人成长和理解复杂世界方面的积极作用。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thisabilityfunctionsmuchlikeamuscle—itstrengthensprogressivelywithdeliberatepractice.(这种能力就像肌肉一样，通过有意识的练习逐渐增强。)”可知，专注于有意识的练习最能培养批判性思维技能。故选C。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Fundamentally,criticalthinkingreferstothecapacitytocomprehend,assess,andanalyzefactualinformationtoformreasonedjudgmentsorevaluatethevalidityofclaims.(从根本上讲，批判性思维是指理解、评估和分析事实信息以形成合理判断或评估主张有效性的能力。)”可知，批判性思维需要对事实信息进行理解、评估和分析。B选项“Doctorsanalyzetestsbeforetreatment.(医生在进行治疗前会先对各项检查结果进行分析。)”符合批判性思维的特点。故选B。【34题详析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“yetpowerfully,empoweringindependentthoughtan