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2022届山西省运城市高三上学期期末英语试题第一部分听力部分(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howwillthewomangotothetowncenter?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Atahotel.C.Atatravelagency.3.Whatdoesthewomanliketowatchinhersparetime?A.Advertisements.B.TVplays.C.Artshows.4.Whatmakesthemansohappy?A.Tomwillplayfootballwithhim.B.Tomwilltellhimthebestnews.C.Tom’sfatherwillplayfootballwithhim.5.Whowillprobablydecidetheplacetogo?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Harry.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Howmanypeoplewilltherebeintheparty?A.Twelve.B.Fourteen.C.Twenty.7.Wherewillthepartybeheld?A.Atapark.B.Attheoffice.C.Atacolleague’shouse.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whichtwocountrieswillhaveafootballgametonight?A.BrazilandEngland.B.ChinaandEngland.C.BrazilandJapan.9.Whatisthemanbusywithrecently?A.Hisfinalexam.B.Hisdrivingtest.C.Hisbasketballtraining.10.Whenwillthegamestart?A.1:00a.m.B.1:00p.m.C.11:00p.m.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.WhydoesMichaelfeelsorry?A.Heishavingalotofproblems.B.Heforgothisgrandmother’sbirthday.C.Hehasn’tcalledhisgrandmotherforalongtime.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Michael’sbirthday.B.Michael’sgrandfather.C.Michael’sbusyschedule.13.HowdoesMichaelprobablyfeelaboutgoingtocollege?A.Worried.B.Confident.C.Disappointed.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Landlordandtenant(房客).B.Agentandtenant.C.Agentandlandlord.15.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Tocutdowntherent.B.Todiscusswiththelandlord.C.Todosomerepairwork.16.Whatistheman’sreplyfortherequest?A.Hecan’tdecideit.B.Hethinksitisimpossible.C.Heneedstimetoconsiderit.17.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thewomandoesn’tthinkthehouseisgood.B.Thewomanhasn’tmadethedecisionyet.C.Themandoesn’tknowhowmuchtherentis.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.Inwhatconditionwillone’snamebemovedaway?A.Ifheislatetwice.B.Ifhemissesthreeclasses.C.Ifhebreaksthemicroscope.19.Whatisforbiddeninthelaboratory?A.Touchingthetabletop.B.Wearinglargeclothes.C.Drinking.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Coursesthestudentsshouldcomplete.B.Instructionsthestudentsshouldfollow.C.Experimentsthestudentsshoulddo.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)AThebestthingstodoinLondonDiscoverthecitywithourlistofthebestthingstodoandseeinLondon,forvisitorsandlocalsalike.Fromfreedaysouttounmissablerestaurants,thisisyourultimateLondonchecklistfor2021.AdmiretheviewsfromTheShardWhatisit?Standing309.6metres(1,016feet)high,itisLondon’soneandonly95-storeyskyscraper,andthetallestbuildinginWesternEurope.Whygo?TheShardhasestablisheditselfasatimelessLondonlandmarkdespitebeingbarelyahandfulofyearsold.Aswellasredefiningthecityskyline,it’sanidealplacefromwhichtogetalookatLondoninallitsglory.HuntforantiquesatPortobelloRoadMarketWhatisit?Theworld’slargestantiquesmarket,onapicturesqueshoppingstreetinNottingHill—nowtraffic-freeforsociallydistancedbrowsing.Whygo?Althoughhometofruitandvegstallstoo,PortobelloMarketisbestknownfortheantiquesandbric-à-bracstallsfeaturingattheChepstowVillasendoftheroad.Don’tbefooledbythefold-outtables—thisisn’tcheaptatandtherearesomeserioustreasureshere.Formoresecondhandgoodies,headfurtheruptheroad,beyondtheWestway.EatyourwayaroundBoroughMarketWhatisit?Datingbacktothethirteenthcentury,London’soldestfoodmarketisacornucopiaofgourmetgoodies.Whygo?ItusedtohighlightBritishproducebutnowadaysyou’llfindglobaltradersandstreet-foodvendors:enjoyFrenchconfit-ducksandwiches,Ethiopianstewsandscotcheggs(elevated,ofcourse).VisitHogwartsattheHarryPotterStudioTourWhatisit?ThereareawholelotofHarryPotterlocationsinandaroundLondon,buttheWarnerBrosStudioTourinWatfordisthemostmagical.Whygo?ThecapitalisheavingwithHarryPotterhotspots.LocationslikeDiagonAlleyweresethereandscenesfromtheworld-famousmoviefranchisewerefilmedhere.There’rewalkingtoursandphotoopportunitiesattheactualPlatform93/4inKing’sCross.Butyoucan’tbeattheWarnerBrosStudioTour:TheMakingofHarryPotter,justoutsideofthecapital,togetupclosewithincrediblepropsandsetsfromalleightoftheHPfilms.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheShard?A.ItiscurrentlythetalleststructureinEurope.B.Itisa95-storeyofficeblockinthesky.C.ItallowsvisitorstogetamazingviewsofLondon.D.IthasalonghistoryasoneofLondon’slandmarks.2.Wherecanwegoforsomefamousfoodaroundtheglobe?A.TheShard. B.BoroughMarket.C.DiagonAlley. D.PortobelloRoadMarket.3.WhatfeaturestheWarnerBrosStudioTour?A.BringingpeopleclosertoHarryPotter. B.Walkingonapicturesquestreet.C.TakingphotosattheactualPlatform93/4. D.Gatheringthemajorityofmagicians.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个伦敦旅游项目的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AdmiretheviewsfromTheShard部分中“Aswellasredefiningthecityskyline,it’sanidealplacefromwhichtogetalookatLondoninallitsglory.(它不仅重新定义了这座城市的天际线,也是一个欣赏伦敦辉煌风貌的理想场所)”可知,Shard能让游客看到伦敦的美景。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据EatyourwayaroundBoroughMarket部分中“ItusedtohighlightBritishproducebutnowadaysyou’llfindglobaltradersandstreet-foodvendors:enjoyFrenchconfit-ducksandwiches,Ethiopianstewsandscotcheggs(elevated,ofcourse).(这里过去主要是英国农产品,但现在你会发现全球商人和街头小吃摊:享用法国烤鸭肉三明治、埃塞俄比亚炖菜和苏格兰鸡蛋(当然是大份的))”可知,你可以在吃到世界各地有名的食物。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Butyoucan’tbeattheWarnerBrosStudioTour:TheMakingofHarryPotter,justoutsideofthecapital,togetupclosewithincrediblepropsandsetsfromalleightoftheHPfilms.(但是在首都之外的“华纳兄弟电影公司之旅:哈利波特的诞生”中,你绝对不能错过,可以近距离地欣赏到8部哈利波特电影中令人难以置信的道具和布景)”可知,华纳兄弟电影公司之旅的特色是让人们更接近哈利波特。故选A。BAstheAlaskanskygraduallyturneddarkblue,thecommandstomysleddogteambrokethesilence.IthrewaglanceovermyshoulderasIthundereddownthefrozenwaterwayinthesub-zerotemperatures.WherewasMike,myguide?IwonderedifherealizedIwasmilesaway.Whileoutexploringintheearlyeveningmyleaddogsmelledsomethingitcouldn’tresist.Regardlessofmyinstructions,itinstinctivelywheeledaroundandledalltheotherdogsintheoppositedirectionatfullspeed.InmyconversationswithMikeoverthepastfewdays,I’dbeentoldthatifIgotlost,Iwouldbeinbigtrouble.Thereweren’tanysuppliesforme—noextraclothingorshelter,nottomentionthefirestarter,andwehadseenwolftracksregularly.ItwasMarch,theendoftheAlaskanwinter.AlongjourneyfromAustraliahadbroughtmetoYukon,Drivingateamofsleddogsisnotaseasyasitappears.I’dimagineditwouldbeaveryrelaxingexperience,inwhichIwouldridealongwithapleasantsmilewhilegazingatthepassinglandscape.Inrealityitturnedoutmuchtougher.Youmustpredictwhereyourdogswouldgoandhowthesurfaceaheadmightchange.Duringthejourney,westayedinadifferentplaceeverynight,andtookcareofourdogteams.Thesedogscanguaranteeoursafetyandhelpusescapedangeroussituations,sotheirhealthandwell-beingalwaysrankfirst.Afterwesettled,westartedcollectingsnowforwaterandcuttingfirewood.Luckily,Ididn’tendupinthefangs(尖牙)ofwolves.Mikefoundmesometimelater.Ourdogteams,intheexcitementofbeingreunited,headedstraightforeachotherandgottangledupintheropes.There’sneveraboringmoment.4.Whydidthewritergetlost?A.TheleaddogwasmisledbyMike.B.Hefailedtogiveinstructionsintime.C.Theleaddogsmelledsomethingirresistible.D.Hehadapoorsenseofdirectionindarkness.5.HowdidWayneandScarlettliveinAlaska?A.Theyledaneco-friendlylife.B.Theylivedbyhelpingadventurers.C.Theyseldomwalkedoutoftheirlogcabin.D.TheyworkedasguidesforexploringAlaska.6WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Drivingasleddogteamisdemanding.B.Adventurersprefertoridewithasmile.C.Appreciatingthelandscapeisappealing.D.Adventurerstakecareoftheirdogteams.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethewriter’sexplorationinAlaska?A.Wonderfulandentertaining. B.Frighteningandexhausting.C.Dangerousandpainstaking. D.Adventurousandinteresting.【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.D【解析】【分析】这是篇记叙文。作者讲述了在阿拉斯加的探险故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whileoutexploringintheearlyevening,myleaddogsmelledsomethingitcouldn’tresist.Regardlessofmyinstructions,itinstinctivelywheeledaroundandledalltheotherdogsintheoppositedirectionatfullspeed.(傍晚外出探险时,我的领头狗闻到了它无法抗拒的味道。它不顾我的指示,本能地转过身来,领着其他的狗全速朝相反的方向跑去。)”可知,因为领头的狗闻到了不可抗拒的味道,所以作者迷路了。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“WayneandScarlett,myhosts,livedasustainablelife.Theyhunted,fished,andgatheredfoodwhileconsciouslyminimizingtheircarbonfootprint.(我的主人韦恩和斯嘉丽,过着不破坏生态平衡的生活。他们打猎、捕鱼、采集食物,同时有意识地减少碳足迹。)”可知,他们过着环保的生活。故选A项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Drivingateamofsleddogsisnotaseasyasitappears.(驾驶一群雪橇狗并不像看上去那么容易。)”和“Inrealityitturnedoutmuchtougher.(事实证明,这要困难得多。)”可知,第四段主要讲的是驾驶雪橇犬的要求很高。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Luckily,Ididn’tendupinthefangs(尖牙)ofwolves.Mikefoundmesometimelater.Ourdogteams,intheexcitementofbeingreunited,headedstraightforeachotherandgottangledupintheropes.There’sneveraboringmoment.(幸运的是,我没有被狼咬死。迈克后来找到了我。我们的雪橇狗团队,在重聚的兴奋中,直接冲向对方,然后被绳子缠住了。从来没有无聊的时刻。)”可以推知,作者在阿拉斯加的探险既冒险又有趣。故选D项。CTodaythepaperindustryhas,likemanyothers,beenhitbytheCovid-19pandemic.Buttheindustryisexpectedtobouncebackin2022,andby2023,it’spredictedtoreachnewheightsof$1,031billion.Here’showthatmighthappen.TheworldwasaffectedbytheGreatToiletPaperShortageof2020,aspeoplerushedtopileupthisbathroomproduct.Inreality,therewasneveratrueshortage.It’snotclearexactlywhythemasshysteriaoccurred.Tonobody’ssurprise,todaythetissuemarketisstillbooming.Demandfortoiletpaper,tissuesandpapertowelshasbeengrowingforyears.Asanaddedbonus,manycompaniesarenowbranchingoutintomedicaltissuepapers.Somehavetemporarilyswitchedtosurgicalfacemasksandgownstomeetthedemandforpersonalprotectionequipment.Butthere’smoresurprisingmedicaluseforpaper:rapidtests.Thesystemiswidelyusedformanyroutinetests,suchastodetectpregnancyandHIV.AndtherearealreadyrapidtestsouttherethatusepapertoidentifyifapersonhasdevelopedantibodiestoCovid-19.Equally,foodhygienehasbecomemoreofaconcern.Therehasbeenasharpdecreaseinthenumberofcustomerswantingtoreachintoapottofetchspoons,forksorstrawsforobviousreasons,causingrestaurantstousemoreandmoredisposablepackaging.Meanwhile,schoolshavestartedtoprovidepaperlunchboxessothatstudentsdon’tneedtoeatalltogetherinacanteen.Thenthere’sart.Aftermonthsoflockdownsanddisruptiontosocialcalendar,practicalhobbiessuchasDIY,crafts,artandbakinghaverecentlyexperiencedarenaissance.Somepapercompanieshaveseenmoreinterestinpaperforeducation,artanddesign.Ofcourse,someaspectsofpaperproductionhavetakenmoreofahit.“Wesupplyalotofpaperthatendsupinhotel,sowe’veseenadropinsales,”saysNickBizzell,thedirectorofLondon-basedBizzellPaper.ButBizzellisstilloptimistic.Hepointedoutthatdemandforcertaintypesofpaper,suchastheA4kindusedinoffices,hasbeenshrinkingfordecades,afterlosingthebattleagainstcomputers.Butoverallthepaperindustryisgrowing.Paperisnowprotectingusfromviralinfectionsandboredom,anditwillalwaysbeavaluablematerialinourlife.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“themasshysteria”probablyreferto?A.Themassproductionoftoiletpaperin2020.B.Thetrueshortageoftoiletpapercausedbythepublic.C.TheeffectofCovid-19onthepaperindustry.D.Theunreasonablestorageoftoiletpaperamongthepublic.9.Whichofthefollowinghavewitnessedanincreasingdemandforpaper?A.Rapidtestsandphysicalcheckup.B.Surgicalfacemasksandeatingtools.C.Medicalprotectionequipmentandfoodpackaging.D.ThetreatmentofCovid-19andpregnancydetection.10.Whatcausesmoreuseofpaperinart?A.Beingunabletosocialize.BThepromotionofpapercompanies.C.Beinginterestedinarteducation.D.Themarketingstrategiesofpapercompanies.11.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Paperindustryonthedecline.B.Paperindustryintherecovery.C.TheblowofCovid-19tothepaperindustry.D.Theeffectofmedicineonthepaperindustry.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虽然造纸业受到Covid-19大流行的影响,但是很快就会反弹。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前面“TheworldwasaffectedbytheGreatToiletPaperShortageof2020,aspeoplerushedtopileupthisbathroomproduct.Inreality,therewasneveratrueshortage.”(全球都受到了2020年厕纸大短缺的影响,人们纷纷抢购厕纸。事实上,从来就没有真正的短缺。)可知,“themasshysteria”指的是描述前面的这一情况,即人们不合理的储存厕纸。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Asanaddedbonus,manycompaniesarenowbranchingoutintomedicaltissuepapers”(除此之外,许多公司现在也开始涉足医用纸巾领域。)以及第五段中“causingrestaurantstousemoreandmoredisposablepackaging.”(这导致餐馆使用越来越多的一次性包装)可知,在医疗防护以及食品包装上面,纸的需求量已经引起了急剧的上升。A项physicalcheckup文中并未提到。B项eatingtools与原文不符。D项Covid-19的治疗文中未提及。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Aftermonthsoflockdownsanddisruptiontosocialcalendar,practicalhobbiessuchasDIY,crafts,artandbakinghaverecentlyexperiencedarenaissance.”(在几个月的封锁和社交活动中断之后,DIY、手工艺、艺术和烘焙等实用爱好最近经历了一场复兴。)可知,社交活动中断导致了纸在艺术上的使用增加。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Todaythepaperindustryhas,likemanyothers,beenhitbytheCovid-19pandemic.Buttheindustryisexpectedtobouncebackin2022,andby2023,it’spredictedtoreachnewheightsof$1,031billion.Here’showthatmighthappen.”(今天,造纸业像许多其他行业一样,受到了Covid-19大流行的打击。但该行业预计将在2022年反弹,到2023年,预计将达到10.31亿美元的新高。这是可能发生的。)可得知,虽然造纸业受到Covid-19的影响,但是很快就会反弹。故选B项。DChildrenaren’ttheonlyoneswhocanbenefitfromnaps.Afterhoursofworking,manyadultsfeelsleepyatnoonandfindthemselvesindesperateneedofarecharge.Butinsteadofgrabbingacupofcoffee,itmaybemoreworthwhiletocombatsleepinesswithsleep.Apowernapcan“providetherefreshmentyouneedifyou’restrugglingtostayalertorhaven’thadagoodnight’ssleep,”explainsRebeccaRobbins,asleepscientist.Apowernap“givespeoplethechancetorestforashortperiodoftimetoboostworkplaceproductivity,”shesays,buttheyareonlybeneficialwhentheyaredonecorrectly.Howlongshouldapowernapbe?Sleepexpertssaythatpowernapsshouldbequickandrefreshingtoincreasealertnessthroughouttheday.“Youdon’thavetogotosleepfully.”saysJamesMaas,aformerprofessorandchairofpsychologyatCornellUniversitywhocoinedtheterm“powernap”morethan50yearsago.“It’sanopportunitytoshutyoureyes,breatheslowlyandrecharge.”Formostpeople,15minutesshouldbeenoughtopowerthroughtherestoftheworkday.However,ShelbyHarris,aclinicalpsychologist,addsthatthebesttimetohaveyourpowernapisbetween1p.m.and3p.m.,becausenappinganylaterintheday“caninterferewithyoursleepatnight.”Incontrasttocoffeeorsoda,whichislikelyto“damageyoursleepatnightandonlyoffershorttermenergyforabout30minutes,”Robbinssaysapowernapisahealthieralternativetoimproveworkplaceperformance,strengthenmemoryandboostcreativity.Harrisaddsnapshavelong-termhealthbenefitstoo,suchasimprovingyourmoodandaidinginstressmanagement.“Powernapscanreduceaccidentsandmistakeswhilealsoimprovingattention,alertness,concentrationandperformance.Theycanevenbeusedeffectivelytocombatdrowsydrivingwhenashortnapistakenjustbeforegettingbehindthewheel,”shesays.12.Howcanwefightsleepinessafterhoursofworkingatnoon?A.Bydrinkingacupofcoffee. B.Byhavingapowernap.C.Bygettingagoodnight’ssleep. D.Bylisteningtomusic.13.Whichisthebestchoiceforapowernap?A.15minutesbetween1a.m.and3a.m. B.40minutesbetween1a.m.and3a.m.C.15minutesbetween2p.m.and3p.m. D.40minutesbetween2p.m.and3p.m.14.WhatdoRobbionsandHarrismainlyconvey?A.Thebenefitsofpowernaps. B.Thedamagecoffeeandsodadotoyou.C.Meansofreducingaccidentsandmistakes. D.Ways15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Powernaps’cons B.ThebenefitsofcoffeeC.Whenweshouldtakeapowernap D.Howtobenefitfromapowernap【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间,以提高工作效率,但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Afterhoursofworking,manyadultsfeelsleepyatnoonandfindthemselvesindesperateneedofarecharge.Butinsteadofgrabbingacupofcoffee,itmaybemoreworthwhiletocombatsleepinesswithsleep.(工作了几个小时后,许多成年人在中午会感到困倦,迫切需要充电。但是比起喝杯咖啡,用睡眠来对抗困倦可能更有价值)”以及第二段中“Apowernap“givespeoplethechancetorestforashortperiodoftimetoboostworkplaceproductivity,”shesays,buttheyareonlybeneficialwhentheyaredonecorrectly.(她说,小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间,以提高工作效率”,但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”可知,中午工作几个小时后,我们可以小睡一会儿来克服困倦。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Formostpeople,15minutesshouldbeenoughtopowerthroughtherestoftheworkday.(对大多数人来说,15分钟的时间应该足够让他们度过剩下的工作日了)”以及第四段“ShelbyHarris,aclinicalpsychologist,addsthatthebesttimetohaveyourpowernapisbetween1p.m.and3p.m.,becausenappinganylaterintheday“caninterferewithyoursleepatnight.”(临床心理学家ShelbyHarris补充说,小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间,因为白天任何晚一点的小睡“都会干扰你晚上的睡眠”)”可知,下午2点到3点之间15分钟是小睡的最佳选择。故选C。14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Incontrasttocoffeeorsoda,whichislikelyto“damageyoursleepatnightandonlyoffershorttermenergyforabout30minutes,”Robbinssaysapowernapisahealthieralternativetoimproveworkplaceperformance,strengthenmemoryandboostcreativity.Harrisaddsnapshavelong-termhealthbenefitstoo,suchasimprovingyourmoodandaidinginstressmanagement.“Powernapscanreduceaccidentsandmistakeswhilealsoimprovingattention,alertness,concentrationandperformance.Theycanevenbeusedeffectivelytocombatdrowsydrivingwhenashortnapistakenjustbeforegettingbehindthewheel,”shesays.(咖啡或苏打水可能会“破坏你晚上的睡眠,而且只能在30分钟左右提供短期的能量”,Robbins说,与之相比,小睡是一种更健康的选择,可以改善工作表现、增强记忆力和激发创造力。Harris充说,午睡也有长期的健康益处,比如改善你的情绪,帮助管理压力。“午睡能减少事故和失误,同时还能提高注意力、警觉性、注意力和表现。”如果你在开车前打个盹,它们甚至可以有效地用来对付困倦驾驶,”她说)”可推知,Robbions和Harris主要想表达小睡的好处。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Apowernapcan“providetherefreshmentyouneedifyou’restrugglingtostayalertorhaven’thadagoodnight’ssleep,”explainsRebeccaRobbins,asleepscientist.Apowernap“givespeoplethechancetorestforashortperiodoftimetoboostworkplaceproductivity,”shesays,buttheyareonlybeneficialwhentheyaredonecorrectly.(睡眠科学家RebeccaRobbins解释说,“如果你很难保持清醒或晚上没睡好,午睡可以为你提供所需的提神剂。”她说,小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间,以提高工作效率”,但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”结合文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间,以提高工作效率,但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。可知,D选项“如何从小睡中受益”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Readingisgoodformorethanjustentertainment.____16____.Andthepositiveeffectscanbefeltatanyage:Evenbeforethey’vefullydevelopedtheirreadingskills,kidscanbenefitfromhavingaccesstomaterialsandbeingreadtoonaregularbasis.ReadingcanboostintelligencePeoplewhoexhibitstrongreadingskillsearlyinlifegrowuptobemoreintelligent.Thatwasthefindingofastudypublishedin2014thatmeasuredthecognitivedevelopmentof1,890setsofidenticaltwins.Whentwotwinssharedthesamegenesandhomeenvironments,earlyreadingskillsappearedtobethefactorthatdecidedwhichtwinwouldbebetteratbothverbaltests(likevocabulary(andnon-verbal(likereasoningtests).____17____,thestudyauthorsconcludedthatmoreemphasisshouldbeplacedonteachingstrongreadingskillstoyoungchildren.Readinghelpsincreaseempathy____18____—itcanmakeyouakinderpersonaswell.Accordingtoastudypublishedin2013,peoplewhoconsumeliteraryfictionhaveaneasiertimesensingandrelatingtoemotionsinotherpeople.Thiseffectlikelyhassomethingtodowiththewaysuchbooksarewritten:Greatliteratureforcesreaderstostepsoutsidethemselvesandempathizewiththecharactersthey’rereadingabout.ReadingcanlowerstressFeelstressedattheendofalongday?____19____.A2009studyfoundthatreadingforjust30minuteshassimilarstress-reducingeffectstodoing30minutesofyoga.____20____Evenafteryouputdownabook,theeffectsofreadingitarestillpresentinyourbrain.A2013studydiscoveredthatwhenpeoplereadbooks,theirbrainscontinuetobehavedifferentlyhoursandevendayslater.Thebrainsofreadersshowincreasedconnectivityinthelefttemporalcortex—theregionresponsibleforlanguagereceptivity—evenhoursafterthey’vestoppedreading.Thissuggeststhatreadingcantrainthemindandboostneuralfunctionthroughaprocessthat’ssimilartomusclememory.A.ReadingimprovesyourpassionB.ReadingmaychangeyourbrainC.SincereadingisofsignificanceD.Readingbooksdoesn’tjustmakeyousmarterE.OpeningabookisagoodwaytowinddownF.Becausereadingabilityissomethingthat’slearnedG.Committingpartofeverydaytoreadingbookscanmakeyousmarter,kinder,andmorerelaxed【答案】16.G17.F18.D19.E20.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了阅读给人们带来的益处。【16题详解】上文“Readingisgoodformorethanjustentertainment.(阅读的好处不仅仅是娱乐。)”说明阅读的好处不仅仅是娱乐,选项G“每天抽出一部分时间来读书可以让你更聪明、更善良、更放松”承接上文,说明阅读有许多娱乐之外的好处,引出下文“Andthepositiveeffectscanbefeltatanyage:Evenbeforethey’vefullydevelopedtheirreadingskills,kidscanbenefitfromhavingaccesstomaterialsandbeingreadtoonaregularbasis.(这种积极的影响在任何年龄都能感受到:即使孩子们还没有完全发展他们的阅读技能,他们也能从接触材料和定期阅读中受益。)”进一步介绍读书对于任何年龄的孩子都有积极的影响。故选G项。【17题详解】上文“Whentwotwinssharedthesamegenesandhomeenvironments,earlyreadingskillsappearedtobethefactorthatdecidedwhichtwinwouldbebetteratbothverbaltests(likevocabulary)andnon-verbal(likereasoningtests).(当两个双胞胎拥有相同的基因和家庭环境时,早期的阅读技能似乎是决定哪一个双胞胎在语言测试(如词汇测试)和非语言测试(如推理测试)中表现更好的因素。)”说明阅读技能在儿童后天发展中起决定作用,选项F“因为阅读能力是后天习得的”承接上文,说明阅读能力是后天习得的,并且选项和下文“thestudyauthorsconcludedthatmoreemphasisshouldbeplacedonteachingstrongreadingskillstoyoungchildren.(研究作者得出的结论是,更多的重点应该放在教育儿童强化阅读技能上。)”之间存在因果关系。选项中readingability和下文中readingskills语义相关。故选F项。【18题详解】上段首句“Peoplewhoexhibitstrongreadingskillsearlyinlifegrowuptobemoreintelligent.(早年表现出较强阅读能力的人长大后会更聪明。)”说明阅读能使人更聪明,选项D“读书不只是让你更聪明”承接上一段的意思,对应下文“—itcanmakeyouakinderpersonaswell(——它还可以使你成为一个善良的人。)”,说明读书不只是使人更聪明,还可以使人更善良。故选D项。【19题详解】上文“Feelstressedattheendofalongday?(在漫长的一天结束时感到有压力吗?)”说明生活中充满压力,选项E“打开一本书是放松的好方法。”承接问句,说明阅读是减轻压力的好方法。选项中winddown和上文中Feelstressed相对应。故选E项。【20题详解】下文“Evenafteryouputdownabook,theeffectsofreadingitarestillpresentinyourbrain.A2013studydiscoveredthatwhenpeoplereadbooks,theirbrainscontinuetobehavedifferentlyhoursandevendayslater.Thebrainsofreadersshowincreasedconnectivityinthelefttemporalcortex—theregionresponsibleforlanguagereceptivity—evenhoursafterthey’vestoppedreading.(即使在你放下一本书之后,阅读的效果仍然存在于你的大脑中。2013年的一项研究发现,当人们读书时,他们的大脑在几个小时甚至几天后仍会表现不同。读者的大脑在左颞叶皮层(负责语言接受的区域)显示出增强的连通性,即使在他们停止阅读的几个小时后也是如此。)”说明本段主题是阅读能够改变人的大脑,选项B“阅读可能改变你的大脑”概括了本段主题。故选B项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分55分)第一节(共20小题:每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iamarecoveringperfectionistandlearningtoplayagainsavedme.Likemanychildren,IrememberplayingalotwhenIwasyoungerandbeingfilledwithasenseofopenness,____21____andjoy.Mynaturalstatewastobepresentwithmyself,enjoyingthe____22____ofplay.Unfortunately,myattitudebegan____23____fromplayfulnesstoperfectionismearlyon.Insteadofbeingpresentandenjoyingtheprocess,Istarted____24____performance.ThemoreIdidthis,thelessopen,curiousandjoyfulIwas.Instead,Igrewanxious,criticaland____25____.Ifirstremember____26____perfectionisttendencieswhenIwastakingpianolessonsinschool.IgottheideathatIhadtoperformsongsperfectly.Istartedhatingpianoand____27____quit.Myperfectionism____28____intootherareasofmylife,too.Inschool,IpushedmyselftogetstraightA’s,andifIearnedanythingless,Ifeltlikea____29____.Myperfectionismalsonegatively____30____myrelationshipwithmyselfandotherpeople.Ifeltlikemylifewasspinningoutofcontrolandthatalltherulesthatonceworkednolonger____31____.Icrashedemotionally.Thatwasoneofthedarkesttimesofmylife.IrealizedIneededa(n)____32____waytoapproachlife.Aboutthistime,myfriendAmyandIstartedtakingfencinglessonstogether.Iwasquitebadatit,butitdidn’t____33____.BecauseIhadgivenupperfectionism,Ididn’tcareanymoreabout____34____peopleatfencingclassorperformingperfectmoves.____35____,Icaredaboutbeingpresentwithmyselfintheprocessandstayingopenandcurious.Ihada(n)____36____feeling.Ifeltfreeandalive,andI____37____thatIhadbeenmissingplayfulnessformanyyears.Fencinghelpedmerediscoverplayandleaveperfectionismbehind.Iam____38____nowtopracticingplayfulnesseverydayandtohelpothersdothesame.Playfulnessisn’tsomethingwemust____39____inchildhood.Whenwepracticeplayfulness,lifebecomesanadventure,andthereisalwayssomethingmoretolearn,exploreand____40____.21.A.curiosity B.caution C.anxiety D.popularity22.A.result B.process C.progress D.meaning23.A.improving B.shifting C.increasing D.declining24.A.takingon B.puttingon C.dependingon D.focusingon25.A.discouraged B.delighted C.astonished D.embarrassed26.A.losing B.reducing C.developing D.suffering27.A.actually B.probably C.eventually D.gradually28.A.broke B.ran C

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