2022届北京市昌平区高三上学期12月月考英语试卷（解析版）

2022届北京市昌平区高三上学期12月月考英语试卷第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Duringmysecondyearinhighschool,Igotsickandmissedafewdays.WhenI___1___,Iwasgreetedwithtwoessaysdue,threedaysofmathandhistoryhomework,plusseveraltests.Thenextdayatschool,Igotarudeawakening:I’dtotallyforgottentoprepareforthe___2___onRomeoandJuliet,whichI’dtakeovermylunchhour!Worsestill,Ihad___3___thein-classdiscussionandallthenotes.Whenlunchcame,IwenttotheEnglishroomtofacemycertaindoom(厄运).Asitturnedout,Ididn’tknowthemajorityofthequestions.Iwasjustabouttogiveinwhenmypencilaccidentallyfellandbroke.Standingbytheblackboardsharpeningmypencil,I___4___downandthereinfullviewlaytheanswersheetforthetest!Whatgoodfortune!Myheartstartedbeating,andmybrain___5___,Yes!Readovertheanswers—quickly!Thiswasquicklyfollowedbyanothervoice,No!You’llgetcaught!Mymindturningbackandforth,Yes!No!Yes!No!…Thiswentonfortenofthelongestsecondsinmyentirelife.Finally,Idecidedtofinishthetestonmyown,without___6___!Iwassatisfiedwithmydecisionbutpretty___7___Ihadfailedthetest.ThenextdaywhenIwalkedintotheEnglishroom,Isawmytestpaperlyingfacedownonmydesk.Iknewwhatawaitedme.IstaredatitafewsecondsbeforeIgotupthenervetoturnitover.Youcanonlyimaginemy___8___whenIlearnedthatIhadpassedthetest!Ihaveneverinmywholelifebeensohappytoseemy___9___,aC-.Mymomsaysthevictoriesthattakethemostcouragearewonwithin.NowIknow____10____whatshemeans.Nownotonlycanmyconscience(良心)resteasy,butIdon’thavetoworryaboutgettingcaughtandmeetingasadendinglikeRomeoandJuliet.1A.returned B.finished C.appeared D.arrived2.A.play B.test C.lecture D.essay3.A.dropped B.missed C.lost D.carried4.A.calmed B.wrote C.looked D.settled5.A.whispered B.chanted C.persuaded D.warned6.A.thinking B.suffering C.checking D.cheating7.A.relieved B.regretful C.certain D.annoyed8.A.fear B.anxiety C.shock D.appreciation9.A.grade B.rate C.credit D.paper10.A.seemingly B.willingly C.gradually D.exactly【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.C5.A6.D7.C8.C9.A10.D【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一次没有把握的考试中，恰好看到了试题的答案，在经过激烈的心理斗争后，还是诚实作答，最后意外通过的故事。作者很高兴，自己的良心得到了安心。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我回来时，迎接我的是两篇要交的论文，三天的数学和历史作业，以及几次考试。A.returned回来；B.finished完成；C.appeared出现；D.arrived到达。根据上文“Igotsickandmissedafewdays.”及“Iwasgreetedwithtwoessaysdue,threedaysofmathandhistoryhomework,plusseveraltests.”可知，作者生病了，回校时任务繁重。故选A项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天在学校，我猛然惊醒：我完全忘了准备《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的考试，我将要占用我的午餐时间！A.play戏剧；B.test测试；C.lecture讲座；D.essay论文。根据下文“theanswersheetforthetest”可知，这是一场关于《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的测试。故选B项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我错过了课堂讨论和所有的笔记。A.dropped掉落；B.missed错过；C.lost丢失；D.carried携带。根据上文“Duringmysecondyearinhighschool,Igotsickandmissedafewdays.”和“Worsestill”可知，因为生病请假几天，作者错过了课堂讨论和所有的笔记。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：站在黑板边削铅笔时，我低头一看，就看到了考试的答题纸！A.calmed使平静；D.wrote写；C.looked看；D.settled确定。根据上文“sharpeningmypencil”及下文“thereinfullviewlaytheanswersheetforthetest!”可知，作者削铅笔时，眼睛朝下看，看到了答案纸。故选C项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心开始跳动，我的大脑低声说：是的！快速阅读答案！A.whispered低语、耳语；B.chanted反复喊；C.persuaded劝说；D.warned警告。根据下文“Yes!Readovertheanswers—quickly!”可知，作者看到了答案纸，很兴奋，脑海对自己私语，让他去看答案。故选A项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我决定自己完成考试，不作弊！A.thinking思考；B.suffering遭受；C.checking检查；D.cheating作弊。根据上文“finishthetestonmyown”可知，作者没有作弊。故选D项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的决定很满意，但很肯定我考试不及格。A.relieved宽慰的；B.regretful后悔的；C.certain确定的；D.annoyed烦恼的。根据上文语境和下文“Ihadfailedthetest”可知，作者因病错过了几天有关测试内容的课，作者很确定自己考试会不及格。故选C项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象当我得知我通过考试时有多震惊！A.fear恐惧；B.anxiety焦虑；C.shock震惊；D.appreciation感激。根据上文“butpretty___7___Ihadfailedthetest.”及下文“whenIlearnedthatIhadpassedthetest!”可知，作者因病错过了几天有关测试内容的课，作者很确定自己考试会不及格，所以当作者知道自己考试通过后，非常震惊。故选C项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我这辈子从来没有看到我的成绩（一个C-）这么高兴过。A.grade等级；B.rate比率；C.credit信用；D.paper论文。根据下文“aC-”可知，作者看到自己的考试成绩等级很高兴。故选A项。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在我完全明白她的意思了。A.seemingly似乎；B.willingly愿意地；C.gradually逐渐地；D.exactly准确地。根据上文内容及“NowIknow”可知，从这次经历中，作者准确理解了母亲的话。故选D项。第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题15分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thisnovelwasaboutanunbelievablebutgenuineadventure.Itsauthorwasablackbusinessmanwho____11____(bring)upinAmerica.In1956,hevisitedhisbirthplace,Africa.Helosthismoneyandpassport,sohewenttotheembassytoseekhelp.Buttheambassador___12___rudemannersdidn’tpermit.___13___(stare)athisimpatientface,heunderstooditwasthefaultofhisskincolor.【答案】11.wasbrought12.with13.Staring【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名黑人小说作者的真实经历。【详解】1.考查动词时态和语态。句意：作者是一个在美国长大的黑人商人。分析句子可知，who引导定语从句，从句部分缺少谓语，主语who指代的先行词与bringup构成逻辑上的被动关系，且结合句意，句子为一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasbrought。2.考查介词。句意：但无礼的大使不允许。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，与rudemanners一起作theambassador的后置定语，表示“带有”，用介词with。故填with。3.考查非谓语动词。句意：看着他那张不耐烦脸，他明白这是他肤色的错。分析句子，空处缺少stare的适当形式作句子的状语，he与stare构成逻辑上的主动关系，表示伴随，用现在分词。故填Staring。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bodylangageand___14___(face)impressionshavecommunicationfunction.OnceIwenttotheairporttomeetanofficialfromColumbia.Aftertheflightarrived,Isawamanlookingaround___15___(curious).SoIapproachedtogreethim.Hedashedtohugandkissedme.Asayounggirl,Ifelt____16____(embarrass).Later,Ireceiveyacassettein____17____herecordedhisapology.【答案】14facial15.curiously16.embarrassed17.which【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，叙述了作者通过肢体语言进行交流的一次经历。【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：肢体语言和面部印象具有交际功能。分析句子可知，空处缺少形容词作定语，face脸，对应的形容词为facial（面部的）。故填：facial。2.考查副词。句意：飞机到达后，我看见一个人好奇地四下张望。分析句子可知，空处缺少副词修饰lookaround作状语，curious好奇的，对应的副词为curiously（好奇地）。故填：curiously。3.考查形容词。句意：作为一个年轻的女孩，我感到很尴尬。分析句子可知，felt后缺少形容词作表语，表示人的感受，用embarrassed。故填：embarrassed。4.考查定语从句。句意：后来，我收到了一盒他道歉的录音带。根据句意可知，本句为限制性定语从句，先行词acassette作从句中in的宾语，指代物，用关系代词which。故填：which。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。As___18___childgrowingupinEngland,JamesReynoldswasalwaysexcitedbythunderstorms.Now,herunsstraighttowardsthemasa“stormchaser”.Specialisinginhurricanesandvolcanoes,ReynoldstravelstheworldtoshootpicturesofEarth’smostextremeweatherevents.Itisa____19____(danger)jobthough.Hehasalmostbeenhitbyflyingwindowframestwiceinthepast18____20____(month).【答案】18.a19.dangerous20.months【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了JamesReynolds的职业信息和相关经历。【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：作为一个在英国长大的孩子，詹姆斯·雷诺兹总是对雷雨感到兴奋。根据句意可知，表示“一个孩子”，为泛指，child以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。2.考查形容词。句意：但这是一项危险的工作。分析句子可知，空处缺少形容词作定语修饰job，名词danger(危险)，对应的形容词为dangerous。故填dangerous。3.考查名词。句意：在过去的18个月里，他两次差点被飞出的窗框击中。month月份，可数名词，数词18后搭配可数名词复数。故填months。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ATheMetropolisBookClubMembershipAllyouneedtodoisfillouttheorderformatthebottomofthepage,selectyourfirstorderfromourbooklistandthenpostthecompletedformbacktous.SpecialoffersfornewmembersAsaspecialoffer,youmaychooseanyreduced-pricebooksfromournewmembers’booklist,tothevalueof100yuanintotal.Ticktheboxonyourformtoorderafreewatch.Joinbeforetheendofthismonthandyoureceiveanotherfreebookcarefullychosenbyourstaff.Orderanaudio-bookfromthemanyonoffer,athalftherecommendedretailprice.Whenyou’vejoinedAsamemberyougetaround50%offthepublisher’spriceofeverybookyoubuy,andwhat’smore,theycomestraighttoyourdoor.Yourfreeclubmagazinearrivesonceamonthtokeepyouuptodatewiththelatestbest-sellerswe’veaddedtoourlist.OntheInternet,youcanfindallourtitlesfortheyearatourexclusivemembers’website.Ourwebsitealsohasabookswapservicewherememberscanrequestorofferbooksforexchange.BeingamemberAllyouhavetodoisorderfourbooksduringyourfirstyear.Afterthat,youcandecideonthenumberofbooksyouwishtotake.Ineachofyourmonthlyclubmagazines,ourexperiencedstaffchoosea“BookoftheMonth”foryou,whichisofferedatanextra-specialprice.Ifyoudonotwantthisbook,justsaysointhespaceprovidedontheformandsenditbacktous.Wealwayssendthebookifwedonotreceivethisform.Oncewereceiveyourorderyourbooksaredeliveredwithinoneweek.Andremember,youhaveuptoafortnighttodecideifyouwishtokeepthebooksyouhaveordered.Iftheyaren’twhatyouexpectedjustsendthemback!21.HowcanyoubecomeamemberoftheMetropolisBookClub?A.Byorderingawatchfreeofcharge.B.Bysendingtheadvertisementtotheclub.C.ByreturningthecompletedorderformD.Bychoosingbookswithspecialprices.22.Whatinformationdoesthemonthlymagazinegivemembers?A.Thepercentagesavedoneachbook.B.Thenamesofallthebookssoldbytheclub.C.Thelistofthenewestbooksavailabletobuy.D.Thebooksthatcanbeswappedbyclubmembers.23.Whatcanweinferfromthelastpartofthepassage?A.Atleastfourbooksshouldbeboughteachyear.B.Membersneedtobuythe“BookoftheMonth”.C.Themorebooksbought,thehigherthemember’sgrade.D.Memberscanlookatthebooksbeforetheybuythem.【答案】21.C22.C23.D【解析】【分析】本文是一则广告，主要介绍了如何成为网站会员以及成为会员的优惠措施等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Allyouneedtodoisfillouttheorderformatthebottomofthepage,selectyourfirstorderfromourbooklistandthenpostthecompletedformbacktous.”可知要想成为会员，只需要填好表格并把表格寄回即可。故C项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Yourfreeclubmagazinearrivesonceamonthtokeepyouuptodatewiththelatestbest-sellerswe’veaddedtoourlist.”可知每月杂志都给会员提供最近的畅销书的名单，以供会员购买。故C项正确。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后两句“Andremember,youhaveuptoafortnighttodecideifyouwishtokeepthebooksyouhaveordered.Iftheyaren’twhatyouexpectedjustendthemback!”可知会员对于所订购的书不满意，他们可以退回。如果满意则可以付钱。说明会员在购买之前是可以看到订购的书的。故D项正确。BATeenageInventorTheworldcouldbeonestepclosertoquickandinexpensiveEboladetectionthankstoateenagerfromConnecticut.OliviaHallisey,ajunioratGreenwichHighSchool,wasawarded$50,000intheGoogleScienceFairforhernewmethodthatdetectsEbola,avirusthatcausesbleedingfromdifferentpartsofthebodyandusuallycausesdeath.Olivia’smethodistoaskpatientstoputtheirsaliva(唾液)ontoatestingcard.ThecardchangescolorifthepersoniscatchingEbloa.PresentEbloateststakeupto12hoursandcost$1,000.Olivia’smethod,however,canbedonejustin30minutesforabout$25.Besides,thesample(样本)doesn’thavetobeputinarefrigeratorthankstothesilkmaterialOliviausestoproducethetestingcards.Oliviawasinspiredtodealwiththisglobalproblemafterwatchingthenewsthatmorethan10,000peoplediedfromEbolainWestAfrica.Shewasparticularlyworriedaboutthefactthat,whiletheactsofinvolvementcanimprovesurvivalrates,presentdetectionmethodsarecostly,time-consumingandrequirecomplextools.Oliviagothelpfromherscienceresearchteacher.Shedrewoutdirectionsfrompastresearch,andfiguredoutdetectionsystemsthathaveproventoworkwithotherdiseases,includingLymediseaseandyellowfever.“Whataffectsonecountryaffectseveryone,”OliviatoldCNBC.“Wehavetoworktogethertofindanswerstothehugechallengeswhichcauseharmtotheglobalhealth.”TheConnecticut’steen,whohopestobecomeadoctoroneday,wasnamedtheGoogleScienceFairwinnerinthecompetitionof20competitorsfromacrosstheglobe.Thefairisopentoyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof13and18inmostcountries.Oliviahopeshersuccesswillinspireothergirlsinterestedinscienceandcomputers.“Iwouldjustencouragegirlstotryitinthebeginning,andremindthemthattheydon’thavetofeelnaturallydrawnorfeelliketheyhaveaspecialtalentformathsorscience,”shetoldCNBC,“butjustreallylookatsomethingtheyareinterestedinandthenthinkhowtoimprovesomethingormakeitmoreenjoyableorrelateittotheirinterests.”24.Accordingtothepassage,presentEboladetectionmethods______.A.requiresamplestobekeptinrefrigeratorsB.mustusealargeamountofsamplesC.maydetectotherdeadlyvirusesaswellD.haveproventobeineffectiveinpractice25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“drawn”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Admitted. B.Controlled. C.Attracted. D.Exposed.26.TheGoogleScienceFairisintendedfor______.A.inventors B.students C.doctors D.scientists【答案】24.A25.C26.B【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名青少年发明家，多亏了这位来自Connecticut的少年，世界距离快速廉价的Ebola检测又近了一步。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Besides,thesampledoesn’thavetobeputinarefrigeratorthankstothesilkmaterialOliviausestoproducethetestingcards.”（此外，由于Olivia制作测试卡所用的丝绸材料，样品不需要放在冰箱里。）可知，目前的埃博拉病毒检测方法需要将样本放在冰箱里。故选A项。2.词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Iwouldjustencouragegirlstotryitinthebeginning,andremindthemthattheydon’thavetofeelnaturallydrawnorfeelliketheyhaveaspecialtalentformathsorscience,”（我只是鼓励女孩们一开始就尝试一下，并提醒她们，她们不必觉得自己天生drawn，也不必觉得自己在数学或科学方面有特殊天赋）可知，Olivia希望女孩们可以尝试下科学和电脑，并不需要觉得自己天生被吸引或者在数学或科学方面有天赋，drawn与attracted同义。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“OliviaHallisey,ajunioratGreenwichHighSchool,wasawarded$50,000intheGoogleScienceFairforhernewmethodthatdetectsEbola”（奥利维亚·哈利西是格林威治高中的一名学生，她的新的检测埃博拉病毒方法，在谷歌科学博览会上获得了5万美元的奖金。）及倒数第二段关键句“Thefairisopentoyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof13and18inmostcountries.”（在大多数国家，博览会对13至18岁的年轻人开放。）可知，谷歌科学博览会是为了学生们而设立的。故选B项。CYouhaveeverythingyouthinkyouneedforyourdreamjob,butcouldsomethingelsebeholdingyouback?Youpossesshardskillsforthejob,butyoumaylacksoftskills.Hardskillsarethingsthataremeasurableandtechnical.Amaster'sdegreeinbusinessisahardskill.TheabilitytospeakSpanishisahardskill.Manyspecificqualificationsforajobarehardskills,suchasyearsofworkexperienceorproficiency(精通)withparticularcomputerprogransOntheotherhand,softskillsarehardertodefine.Andtheycan'tbedefined.Andtheycan'tbemeasured.Softskillscoversawiderangeofcharacteristicsthatyoucanworkonforalifetimebutsomeofthemostcommonandmostnecessaryforsuccess-includebeingagoodlistenerandspeaker,awiseleader,aproblemsolver,astrongcommunicatororateamplayer.It'salsohelpfulifyoucanacceptfeedback,settleconflictswithothers,dealwithdifficultpeopleorbeflexible.Thesesoftskillsarewhatmanyemployersdesire.Softskillsbenefityouinmanyways.Beingagoodlistener,forexample,isveryhelpfulifyou'readoctor.Beingflexible,ateamplayerandaproblemsolverhelpyousucceedwhendealingwithdeadlines.Softskillsaresomethingextrathathelpaparticularpersontosuccess.Beingabletoshowyoupossessthemcouldmakeadifferenceinlandingajobyou'lllove,orbeingmoresuccessfulinthejobyoualreadyhave.TheymakethedifferencebetweensomeonewhoisjustOKattheirjobandsomeonewhoisoutstanding,thepersonyoualwayswantonyourteam.Ingeneral,softskillsmakeyoumorelikableandmorecompetent.Softskillsarewhatcansetpeopleapartfromoneanother,butsoftskillsdon’tcomenaturally.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HardSkillsDifferfromSoftSkills.B.SoftSkillsCanBelearntatSchool.C.SoftSkillsNeededinWorkplaceD.SoftSkillsmattertoYourSuccessatWork.28.Whichofthefollowingbelongstohardskills?A.BeingexpertinEnglish.B.Beingabletosolveproblems.C.Beinggoodatexpressingoneself.D.Beingskillfulatcommunicating.29.Accodingtothepassage,softskills_______.A.arecertaininbornqualitiesB.helponestandoutfromtheothersC.aremoredifficulttogainthanhardskillsD.attracttheemployersmoreeasilythanhardskills30.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutafterwards?A.Whysoftskillsareimportant.B.Whatskillsbelongtosoftskills.C.Howsoftskillsaredeveloped.D.Wheresoftskillsaremostlyused.【答案】27.D28.A29.B30.C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了工作中软技能的内涵及益处，强调了软技能的重要性。【详解】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第四段关键句“Softskillsbenefityouinmanyways.”（软技能在很多方面都能让你受益。）及第五段关键句“Softskillsaresomethingextrathathelpaparticularpersontosuccess.”（软技能帮助特定的人获得成功的额外技能。）并结合全文内容可知，文章通过描述硬技能，引出软技能话题，且强调了软技能在一个人工作中的重要性，“SoftSkillsmattertoYourSuccessatWork.”（软技能对你的工作成功至关重要。）作为本文标题，符合主旨。故选D项。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Hardskillsarethingsthataremeasurableandtechnical.”（硬技能是指可衡量的和技术性的东西。）及“TheabilitytospeakSpanishisahardskill.”（会说西班牙语是一项硬技能。）可以推测，精通英语是一项硬技能。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“TheymakethedifferencebetweensomeonewhoisjustOKattheirjobandsomeonewhoisoutstanding,thepersonyoualwayswantonyourteam.”（他们对在工作中表现平平的人和你永远希望他加入你的团队的杰出之人作出区分。）可知，软技能帮助一个人脱颖而出。故选B项。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Softskillsarewhatcansetpeopleapartfromoneanother,butsoftskillsdon’tcomenaturally.”（软技能可以让人与众不同，但软技能不是天生的。）可知，下文应介绍如何获得、培养软技能。故选C项。DSupposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”.Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentityItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity”.31.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof__________.A.academicrequirements B.socialexpectationsC.financialrewards D.internalneeds32.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear. B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch. D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.33.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity. B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer. D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC.HowtoKeepVolunteers’Interest D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities【答案】31.D32.B33.C34.A【解析】【分析】试题分析：本文讲述了志愿者为什么自发去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。【31题详解】D细节理解题。结合第二段第三句是“…peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships．”可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。故正确答案为D。【32题详解】B推理判断题。结合第四段最后一句“Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento‘trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience．’”可知，这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备，要给他们提供应对问题的策略，即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。故正确答案为B。【33题详解】C细节理解题。结合最后一段第二句“Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork．”可知，激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。故正确答案为C。【34题详解】A主旨大意题。结合文章第一段“Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization．It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities．Todoso，itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。故正确答案为A。【名师点拨】抓主线，概括中心要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。比如第31小题A主旨大意题。结合文章第一段“Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization．It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities．Todoso，itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。故正确答案为A。考点：考查议论文阅读根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatAretheRootsofYourSelf-Esteem?Self-esteemisaperson’ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Self-esteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself(suchas“I’mafailure,”and“I’mbeautiful”)aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreself-fulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon’tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.___35___Healthyself-esteemasanadultcanbeagiftthatyouaregiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysthatadultswithhighself-esteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighself-esteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.___36___Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbypeers.____37____Aschildren,manyofthesepeoplewerecriticizedharshly,yelledat,orabusedinonewayoranother.Thereisalsoahighchancethattheyweregivenlittletonoattentionbytheadultswhoweresupposedtocareforthem.Insomecases,adultswithpoorself-esteemwereoftenridiculedfortheirshortcomingsorbulliedbypeers.Itiscommonthattheseadultsalsoweremadetofeelthatinordertobeappreciatedtheyneededtobeperfect.___38___Therearepeoplewhoareobsessedwiththeircareersorhobbiesbecauseintheirmindtheyneedtotietheirworthinesstosomethingtangible.Oftentimesthesepeoplehavetopretendtobesomethingtheyarenotjusttogetapproval.Howyoufeelaboutyourselfimpactshowyouliveyourlife.Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendtohavebetterrelationshipsthanthosewithlowself-esteem.___39___Soifyoustruggletoreachoutforassistanceitcouldberootedinyourlowself-esteem.Peoplewithhighself-esteemarebetterequippedatachievingtheirlifegoalsbecausetheyhavefaithinthemselves.Theyfacefailuretoobuttheyunderstandthatfailureorsuccessdoesn’tdefinethem.Havinghighself-esteemallowsyoutoacceptyourselfforwhoyouare.Flawsandstrengths,youknowthatthesemakeuptheessenceofwhoyouare.Whyyoushouldworkonyourself-esteemSinceself-esteemisconnectedtohowweperforminvariousareasofourlives,itisimportanttoworkonit.Tobuildbetterrelationships,careers,andhealthandachievegoals,youneedtofirstunderstandthatyouareworthyofallthosethings.Thatunderstandingcomesfrombuildinghighself-esteem.Ifyouhadaterriblechildhood,itdoesn’tmeanyouaredoomed.Youjusthavetoworkalittlehardertobuildhighself-esteemanditispossible.However,itisn’teasy.Therearemanyresourcesouttherethatcanhelpyouwithsimpleexercisesthatyoucandoonadailybasistoachievethis.Ifyouarestrugglinginmanyareasofyourlife,takeastepbackandevaluatetherelationshipyouhavewithyourself.Howdoyoutalktoyourself?Howdoyoutreatyourself?Whatdoyouthinkofyourself?Doyoufeelworthyofreceivinggoodinyourlifeordoyoufeelbadaboutthegoodthingsthathappentoyou?Ifyoufindyourselfexperiencingsomethinggoodandyoutellyourself“Idon’tdeservethis”or“Ididn’tworkhardenoughforthis,”youmayhavelowself-esteem.Andwhenyouhavethatkindofnegativeself-talk,youself-sabotage.A.Thereisalsoagoodchancethattheywerespokentorespectfully.B.Whenwestarttodoubtwhat’simportantinlife,wetendtodolessofit.C.Sinceself-esteemisconnectedtohowweperform,itisimportanttoworkonit.D.Peoplewithpoorself-esteem,ontheotherhand,oftenexperiencedtheopposite.E.Thiscreatesanimageinthemindthatwithoutaccomplishmentyouareworthless.F.Theyfacefailuretoo,buttheyunderstandthatfailureorsuccessdoesn’tdefinethem.G.Highself-esteemenablesyoutoaskforhelpfromandsupportfromthepeoplearoundyouwhenyouneedit.【答案】35.B36.A37.D38.E39.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇