Unit+4+Body+Language+词汇+课件+-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

-tract-topull,draw拖，拽，拉distract，attract,tract,contract,abstract,detract,extract,portray,retract,treatObjective:通过词根词缀拆解和词源解析，掌握distract，tract,contract,abstract,attract,detract,extract,distraught,treaty,treatise,portray,retract,treat，subtract等核心词及其派生词。

1.distract/dɪˈstrækt/v.使分心

mid-14c.,"todrawasunderorapart,toturnaside"(literalandfigurative),fromLatindistractus,pastparticipleofdistrahere"drawindifferentdirections,"fromdis-"away"(seedis-)+trahere"todraw"(seetract(n.1)).Senseof"tothrowintoastateofmindinwhichoneknowsnothowtoact"isfrom1580s.derivativesofdistracgtdistracted/dɪˈstræktɪd/a.心烦意乱的；思想不集中的distractedly/dɪˈstræktɪdli/ad.心烦意乱地distraction/dɪˈstrækʃn/n.注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱distractor

n.anyoftheincorrectchoicesinamultiplechoicequestiondistractern.anotherspellingofdistractor教材复现：Themainthingisreminding_______（distract）studentsthattheyneedtopayattentioninclass.distracted

2.abstract/ˈæbstrækt/a.

fromassimilatedformofab-"off,awayfrom"(seeab-)+trahere"todraw"(fromPIEroot*tragh-"todraw,drag,move;"seetract(n.1))."withdrawnorseparatedfrommaterialobjectsorpracticalmatters"(opposedto

concrete).v.抽象化，写---的摘要，提取，退出；n.摘要，抽象画，抽象的概念；derivativeofabstractabstraction/æbˈstrækʃn/n.抽象；提取；抽象概念；空想；心不在焉;abstractionism/æbˈstrækʃənɪzəm/n.抽象派艺术；抽象主义理论abstractionist

/æbˈstrækʃənɪst/n.

抽象派艺术家；理想主义者

高考复现：“TheexhibitionbringstogetherGoculture,

cutting-edge

technologyandcontemporaryart,”saysTu.“Wehope58.________(present)theratherabstractGogameandAIinavisualcontext,andinitiatedialogueswithminimalistart,conceptualartandexpressionism.”（2025新高考语法填空）2024新高考I阅读理解CThebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

3.attract/əˈtrækt/v.吸引；（物体间）产生引力；引起；有吸引力

词根词缀：at-朝,向+-tract-拉,引→引向derivativesofattractattractive/əˈtræktɪv/

a.吸引人的；有魅力的；-ive形容词后缀，具有---性质的attractable/əˈtræktəbl/a.可被吸引的-able，形容词后缀attractively

/əˈtræktɪvli/ad.迷人地；有吸引力地；attraction/əˈtrækʃ(ə)n/n.吸引；引力；吸引人的事物attractiveness/əˈtræktɪvnəs/n.吸引力；迷惑力attractor/əˈtræktə(r)/n.吸引子；引起注意的人高考复现Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.（2024新高考阅读理解D）

4.contract/ˈkɒntrækt;kənˈtrækt/n.合约；v.签合同，缩小

con-together,往一起，-tract-

topull,drag,pulltogether，往一起拉,合同，缩小derivativesofcontractcontractile/kənˈtræktaɪl/a.havingthepowertocontractortocausecontraction会收缩的-ile，可---的contraction/kənˈtrækʃ(ə)n/n.contractorn.承包商，立约人contractorn."onewhoentersintoacontract,"fromLateLatincontractor"onewhomakesacontract,""todrawseveralobjectstogether;drawin,shorten,lessen,abridge,"metaphorically/ˌmetəˈfɔːrɪkli/"makeabargain,makeanagreement,"fromassimilatedformofcom-"with,together"(seecon-)+trahere"todraw"(seetract(n.1)).From1680sas"amusclewhichcontractsapart."Specifically"onewhoentersintoacontracttoprovidework,services,orgoodsatacertainpriceorrate"isfrom1724.2021新高考七选五Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously---soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

5.tract/trækt/n.

短文，传单，小册子；大片土地，地带；（身体的）道，束

"extent,continuedpassageorduration,"inphrasetractoftime"periodorlapseoftime"(nowobsolete),fromLatintractus"course,progress,movement,atrainorcourse,aspacedrawnout,duration,"etymologically"adrawingoutorpulling,"fromstemoftrahere"topull,draw."Thisissaid[Watkins]tobefromaPIEroot*tragh-"todraw,drag,move“.derivativesoftracttractor/ˈtræktə(r)/n.拖拉机，牵引机traction/ˈtrækʃn/n.拖，拉，牵引力tractable/ˈtræktəb(ə)l/a.tractability/ˌtræktəˈbɪləti/n.温顺；驯良；易处理

7.detract/dɪˈtrækt/v.贬低，减去

de-,向下。-tract,拉，词源同attract,contract.即向下拉，贬低。derivativesofdetractdetractive/dɪˈtræktɪv/a.诽谤的；减损的detractor/dɪˈtræktə(r)/n.贬低者；诽谤者detraction/dɪˈtrækʃən/n.诽谤；减损

8.extract/ˈekstrækt/n.提取物

/ɪkˈstrækt/v.提取，提炼，摘录，拔出

ex-向外，-tract-

topull,dragex-,向外。-tract,拉，词源同drag,contract.即抽出来的一块，摘录。derivativesofextractextractable/ɪksˈtræktəbl/a.可抽出的，可榨出的；可推断出的extractible可提取的；可榨出的；可摘录的extraction/ɪkˈstrækʃn/n.取出；抽出；extractor/ɪkˈstræktə(r)/n.

提取器；退弹簧

9.retract/rɪˈtrækt/v.缩回，缩进

re-back,-tract-todraw,pull,drag，往回拉。re-,向后，往回，-tract,拉，词源同draw,tractor.derivativesofretractretractable/rɪˈtræktəbl/a.可取消的，可缩回的；伸缩自如的retractive/rɪˈtræktɪv/a.缩进的retraction/rɪˈtrækʃn/n.撤回，撤销；收回retractor/rɪˈtræktə(r)/n.[外科]牵开器；收缩筋；食言的人

10.portray/pɔːˈtreɪ/n.v.描绘，描写

来自古法语portraire,描绘，描画，来自por-,向前，traire,拉，来自拉丁语trahere,拉，词源同draw,drawing,tract.字面意思即向前拉，延展，引申词义描绘，描画等。拼写可能受tray影响俗化。derivativesofportrayportrayal/pɔːˈtreɪəl/n.描绘；画像，肖像portrayer/pɔːˈtreɪə(r)/n.记述者；描画者；肖像画家portrait/ˈpɔːtreɪt/n.肖像，照片;portraiture/ˈpɔːtrətʃə(r)/n.肖像画；肖像绘制；人像摄影

11.treat/triːt/v.对待；n.乐事，享受

[13]

Treat

comesultimatelyfromLatin

tractāre,aderivativeof

tractus

(sourceofEnglish

contract,

tractor,etc),thepastparticipleof

trahere

‘pull’.Originally

tractāre

meant‘drag’,butitbranchedoutmetaphoricallyto‘handle,dealwith,discuss’,anditwasinthesesensesthatitreachedEnglishviaAnglo-Norman

treter.Thenotionof‘dealingwithsomethingbydiscussion’alsounderlies

treatise

[14]and

treaty

[14],whichcomefromthesameultimatesource.derivativesoftreattreatment/ˈtriːtmənt/n.治疗，疗法；处理；对待–ment名词后缀treatyn.条约，协议；谈判treatise/ˈtriːtɪs/n.along,formalpieceofwritingaboutaparticularsubject.论文;论述...Locke'sTreatiseonCivilGovernment....洛克的《政府论》。

12.distraught/dɪˈstrɔːt/

发狂的来自distract,分心。-ght,拼写模仿caught.即分心的，发狂的。

13.substract/səbˈtrækt/vt.减去，删减；减去，扣除

frompastparticiplestemofLatinsubtrahere"takeaway,drawoff,drawfrombelow,"fromsub-"fromunder"(seesub-)+trahere"topull,draw"(seetract(n.1)).derivativesofsubtractsubtractive/səbˈtræktɪv/a.subtraction/səbˈtrækʃ(ə)n/n.subtracter/səbˈtræktə(r)/n.

[计]减法器；扣除者语法填空：TheFollyofaWaveringMind:ALessonfrom“RescuedbyaCoquette/kɒˈket/”InGuanHanqing’sYuandynastyplayRescued

byaCoquette,thescholarZhangShimin’slackoffocusservesasacautionarytale.Initially,heis____1___（distract）

byworldlypleasures,failingtoconcentrateonhisstudies.Thoughhesignsacontractoflove__2__thecourtesanSongYinzhang,hismindsoonwavers.WhenSongYinzhangfallsintodistressafter___3___（deceive）byanotherman,Zhang’sfriendZhaoPan’erstepsintoattractthevillain’sattentionwithacleverscheme.Sheknowsthatanyhesitationcoulddetractfromtheirplan’ssuccess.YetZhang,distraughtwith__4__（anxious）

andindecision,strugglestograsptheabstractnatureofherstrategy.Hisinabilitytoextracthimselffrom___5__（conflict）

emotionsnearlyruinseverything.ZhaoPan’er’sactionsportrayasharpcontrasttoZhang’si