高考英语一轮复习 考点04 高考高频考点动词时态语态原卷版

考点04高考高频考点动词时态&语态（核心考点精讲精练）1.高考真题考点分布题型动词语法填空考查方向考频考点2023动的时态3(throw)---threw(arrive)-------hadarrivedestablish)------hasestablished2022动的时态3catch---------caughthave------hasincrease-----hasincreased2021动的时态2connect--------connectsbe------hasbeen2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】阅读理解：考查动词或短语的词义辨析及熟词生义；完形填空：主要考查在特定语境中动词和动词短语的熟词生义和词义辨析。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力，在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义，注意一词多义和熟词生义；养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。语法填空:考查动词作谓语和非谓语的用法，动词和其它词的搭配，【备考策略】1．长难句中首先考虑找到谓语，提炼句子的主干；2．解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后，根据上下文进行合理推断；3.掌握谓语的考点和解题策略；4.掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略；5.在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。【命题预测】预计2025年的高考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。动词（Verbs）重点用法①动词的种类用法：1.行为动词：包括及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词必须带宾语；不及物动词不能直接带宾语，但跟一个介词后，就可带介词宾语。Hesentmeanewbike.他送了我一辆新的自行车。Keithworkshard.基思工作努力。I’mwaitingforyou.我正在等你。2.系动词：本身有词义，与后面的表语构成合成谓语。常见的系动词除be以外，还有look，feel，taste，get，turn，keep，smell，become等。Jackistwelveyearsold.杰克12岁。Itgetscold.天气变冷了。3.助动词：本身没有词义，只是帮助行为动词构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气以及构成疑问句和否定句等。常见的助动词有be，have，do，will，shall等。Hewillgoback.他要回来了。ItismadeinChina.它是中国制造的。Ihaven’thadmybreakfastyet.我还没吃早饭呢。4.情态动词：有词义但并不完全，不能单独作谓语，要与行为动词连用，表示能力、许可、可能性、必要、意图等。情态动词后多跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有can，must，may，need，shall，will，could，should，would等。Birdscanfly.鸟会飞。MayIcomein?我可以进来吗？重点用法②动词第三人称单数的构成用法：1.一般情况下，在词尾加-s。help→helpsknow→knows2.以字母s，x，ch，sh，o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es。guess→guessesdo→does3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。fly→fliestry→tries重点用法③动词过去式和过去分词的构成用法：1.一般情况下，在词尾加-ed。work→worked→workedopen→opened→opened2.以字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d。close→closed→closedlive→lived→lived3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。study→studied→studiedtry→tried→tried4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接在词尾加-ed。play→played→playedstay→stayed→stayed5.末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词（x除外），双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。stop→stopped→stoppedregret→regretted→regretted6.以重读r音节结尾的动词，先双写r，再加-ed。refer→referred→referredprefer→preferred→preferred提示：动词过去式和过去分词的不规则变化主要有四种形式：（1）A→A→A型：set→set→set（2）A→B→A型：run→ran→run（3）A→B→B型：win→won→won（4）A→B→C型：see→saw→seen重点用法④动词现在分词的构成用法：1.一般情况下，在词尾加-ing。drink→drinkingcatch→catching2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing。take→takingmake→making3.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing。beg→beggingbegin→beginning4.以ie结尾的重读开音节的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing。die→dyinglie→lying提示：以y结尾的动词，y不变，直接加-ing；少数以oe，ye等不发音的e结尾的动词，不去e，直接加-ing。play→playingdye→dyeing语法填空里面动词填空，占比很大。动词解题，可能是原形，谓语动词，非谓语动词，词形状换。如果确定需要谓语动词，则主要考虑三个方面：时态，语态，主谓一致。Ⅰ、定义与分类1、时态时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了英语的16种时态形式。时态表解1、一般现在时dodoesam,is,are2、一般过去时didwaswere1）经常，重复，客观事实,真理或格言。2）everyday，everyfewyears,onceaweek,twiceayear,often,usually,constantly,frequently,always,sometimes,seldom(很少),hardly,onSunday=everySunday1）过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2）inthepast,everydaylastyear,onSundayslastyear,yesterday,...ago,justnow(刚才),theotherday(前几天),lastyear/night/month3、现在进行时amisdoingare4、过去进行时wasdoingwere1）正在2）now,atthemoment,atpresent,forthetimebeing(现在)，rightnow1）过去正在。2）at3o'clockyesterday;thistimelastmonth,由when引起的句中,while两端都用进行时5、现在完成时hasdonehave→6、过去完成时haddone1）已经2）since+过去，主句:现完。in/over/for/duringthepast/last30years,lately,recently,just(刚刚),sofar,bynow,uptonow;upuntilnow(直到现在),already(肯);yet(否,疑)以前，曾经。过去的过去bytheendofbythetimethreedaysbeforetwoweeksearlier7、现在完成进行时hasbeendoinghave→8、过去完成进行时hadbeendoing一直一直9、现在将来时willdo→10、过去将来时woulddo将，会soon,tomorrow,thisevening,tonight，in5hours,after5o’clock,inthefuture,nextyear/month/morning/Sunday/week将，会2、语态英语动词有2种语态：主动语态和被动语态:【bedone】语态表解1、一般现在时amisdoneare2、一般过去时wasdonewere被被3、现在进行时amisbeingdoneare4、过去进行时wasbeingdonewere正在被正在被5、现在完成时hasbeendonehave→6、过去完成时hadbeendone已经被曾经被，以前被7、现在将来时willbedone→8、过去将来时wouldbedone将被，会被将被，会被Ⅱ、时态种类一、一般现在时1、构成1.主语+be+其他2.主语+do+其他3.主语+does+其他情况变化规则例词一般情况直接加swork-workslearn-learnscome-comesplay-playswant-wantsneed-needs结尾为s,x,ch,sh,o在词尾加espass-passesdiscuss-discussesfix-fixesteach-teacheswash-washesdo-does结尾为“辅音字母加y”变y为i再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriescry-criesworry-worries注：have的单数第三人称形式为has。2、用法1.表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态—Doyousing?—Alittle.Sheisathome.2.表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语：always,often,usually,frequently,seldom,sometimes,everyday/week/month/year...Shevisitsherparentseveryday.

Healwayssleepswiththewindowsopen.Studentsoftentravelhundredsofmilestogethere.3.表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。 Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.Summerfollowsspring.4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中遵守“主将从现”，即：主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.

I’llgiveherthetelexwhenshecomes.5.表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。限于begin,come,leave,go,arrive,open,start,stop,close,return等一类动词。Thetrainstartsat10o'clockinthemorning.

TheplaneforWuhantakesoffat8：30thismorning.二、一般过去时1、构成1.动词be→was,were2.动词have,has→had3.助动词do,does→did4.行为动词用过去式情况变化规则例词一般情况直接加­edlook—lookedwatch—watchedstay—stayedexpect—expected以­e结尾的动词在词尾加­dhope—hopedlike—liked以“辅音字母加y”结尾变y为i再加edstudy—studiedcarry—carriedcry—criedworry—worried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­edstop—stoppedclap—clappedplan—plannedprefer—preferredrefer—referredbeg—beggedadmit—admittedpermit—permitted2、用法1.

表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear,in2021,theotherday,twoyearsago,lastmonth,...Wewenttothecinemalastnight.

Wehadlunchtheotherdayatourfavoriterestaurant.注：表示过去的一系列动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用

and

连结。如：Hestoodup,lookedaroundandleft.

2.表示在过去一段时间内的经常性、反复性或习惯性动作。常用的时间状语有：everyday,often,sometimes...usedto,would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.

Intheyear1775,therewasawineshop.Weusedtogetupatfiveeverymorningwhenwereatschool.三、一般将来时1、构成1.will+do(I/weshall)2.begoingto+do3.be+todo4.beabouttodosth5.be+doing现在进行时6.一般现在时2、用法1.

【will+do】表示客观上势必将要发生的事情或临时做出的打算。常用的时间状语有：nexttime,tomorrow,beforelong,lateron,inthefuture...I’ll(shall/will)doabetterjobnexttime.Theconcertwillstartinaminute.

2.

【begoingto+do】表示主观计划，打算做某事或根据某种迹象表明某事即将发生。Wearenotgoingtostaytherelong.

I’mafraidthey’regoingtolosethegame.

Lookatthoseblackclouds.It’sgoingtorain.

3.【be+todo】表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 Heistoleavefor

Beijing

tomorrow.

Tellhimhe’snottobebacklate.

Nostudentistoleavetheroom.4.【beabouttodosth】表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与具体时间状语连用。Look!Theraceisabouttostart.

Theautumnharvestisabouttostart.【beabouttodosthwhen正准备做某事突然...】5.【be+doing】表示将来，表示计划好或准备要做某事 TheshipisleavingforNewYorksoon.HeiscominguptoBeijingUniversitynextterm.6.【一般现在时】表示将来，按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。Thetrainleavesat7:25thisevening.

四、过去将来时1、构成1.woulddo2.was/weregoingto,was/weretodo,was/wereabouttodo2、用法表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。Shesaidshewouldbethereatseveno'clock.Hesaidhewouldwaitforusatthebusstop.

Shewasabouttowalkoutofthedoorwhenthetelephonerang.五、现在完成时【不与具体的过去时间状语或

when

连用】1、构成have/hasdone2、用法1.表示过去的动作或事情对现在所造成的影响。常用的时间状语有：recently,lately,before,yet,ever,never,once,just... Thehousehaschangedhandsseveraltimesrecently.Ihaven'theardanynewsfrommysonlately.2.表示从过去某一时刻开始持续到现在的动作，这一动作还可能持续下去。常用的时间状语有：since,uptillnow,sofar,foralongtime,inthelast/pastfewyears... Hehasworkedinthefactorysincelastyear.

Yetthissystemhasworkedprettywelluptillnow.3.表示“这是第几次做某事”。This/Itis＋thefirst/second...＋(that)+从句，从句用现在完成时ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveeatendumplings.Itisthefourthtimethatshehasmadesuchamistake.

六、过去完成时1、构成haddone2、用法1.

表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作。【过去的过去】Whenwearrived,hehadalreadyleft.

2.表示开始于过去某一时间的动作或状态延续到过去另一时间，并且可能持续下去，常与for,since连用。Theseneighboringstateshadlivedinpeaceforcenturies.3.

表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或计划，主要用于

hope,want,expect,think,suppose,plan,mean,intend

等动词。Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.

Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybuttheywouldn’tletusgo.

Ihadintendedtomakeacake,butIranoutoftime.4.表示“这是第几次做某事”。This/Itwas＋thefirst/second...＋(that)+从句，从句用过去完成时。 Thiswasthefirsttimetheyhadmetinthirty-nineyears.Itwasthefirsttimewehadspokentogether.5.

表示“一...就...”。“hardly/scarcely...when...”和“nosooner...than...”，主句用过去完成时。 Wehadnosoonerleftthevillagethanitbegantorain.

→Nosoonerhadweleftthevillagethanitbegantorain.Thegamehadhardlybegunwhenitstartedraining.→Hardlyhadthegamebegunwhenitstartedraining.

七、现在进行时1、构成am/is/are+doing2、用法1.表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Pleasedon'tmakesomuchnoise.I'mwritingacomposition.

Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.

2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。 Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.

Weareworkingunderextremepressureatthemoment.3.与often,always,constantly,frequently,continually,forever,allthetime等连用，表示赞叹、赞扬、厌恶、不满等感情色彩。He'salwaysquarrellingwithothers.

Sheisconstantlyworryingaboutherson'shealth.4.come,go,start,open,close,arrive,return,begin,leave等动词用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。 TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.

ThecompanyisopeninganewflagshipstoreinLondon.

八、过去进行时1、构成was/were+doing2、用法1.表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。常与过去的时间状语连用。 Iwashavingashoweratthattime.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.2.表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 WhenPaulknockedatthedoorJimwaswatchingTVinthelivingroom.3.与always,allthetime,forever,frequently等连用，表示说话人的感叹、厌恶等情绪。Hewasalwaysshowingoffatpartieswhenyoung.Shewasforevercomplaining.

4.come,go,arrive,begin,leave等动词用于过去进行时，表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。Iphonedmymothertoaskwhattimeshewascominghome.Ihadaprettygoodideawhatshewasgoingtodo.1．I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Thisdevice,however(use)athermoelectricgenerator,whichcreatesenergyfromdifferencesintemperature.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．There(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.（所给词的适当形式填空）1．Intheexperiment,the-researchersfirst/measuredhowmanytears(produce)bydogswhentheywerejustspendingtimeathomewiththeirowners.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Idecidedtovolunteerforthisyear’shalf-marathonafterthechairmanoftheorganizingcommittee(visit)myschool.（所给词的适当形式填空）3．It(impact)thenormalformationofthelowerhalfofthebody.（所给词的适当形式填空）1．AccordingtoGiraffacamelopardalisreticulata,acrossAfrica,allgiraffepopulations(decline)byover70percentinthepast20yearsfrom36,000tolessthan9,000today.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．ChangShana,anoutstandingdesignerandeducatorinChina,wasjust13whenherloveaffairwithDunhuang(begin).(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Youngathletes(wear)sportsclothingbearingChineseelements,suchasdragonsandpandas.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Inthepastdecades,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourdailylife(change)alot.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Thecountrywillcarryoutthreemoremissions-thelaunchoftheTianzhou-5cargocraftandtheShenzhou-15crewedspaceship,aswellasbringingtheShenzhou-14crewbacktoEarth-beforeit(complete)thein-orbitconstructionofthespacestationbytheendofthisyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Thehost(contact)meinadvancebythetimehereachedthepubpackedwithpeople.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Betweenrowsoftrees(stand)anewbuilding,whichissupposedtobeournewlibrary.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．Atthetopofthehill(lie)anoldcottagewhichhasawonderfulviewofthewholecity.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．ItisthesecondtimeinarowthatSuzhou(top)theranking.（所给词的适当形式填空）10．Thesebeautifulblack­facedspoonbillsaresomeoftheworld'srarestbirds.Thebirds(fly)allthewayfromtheirsummerhometothiswetland,wheretheywillspendthewinter.Now,theycircleandland.（所给词的适当形式填空）1．Lifeteachesusnottoregretoveryesterday,forit(pass)andisbeyondourcontrol.2．ExpertssaythesetextscouldprovethegovernmentinthethirdcenturyBChandedoutcruelpunishmentstopeoplewho(break)theserules.（所给词的适当形式填空）3．Awhitetelephonebooth(电话亭),knownasthePhoneoftheWind,(sit)inagardenontopofahill.（所给词的适当形式填空）4．Youcanchargethematmaximumrateandtherestoftheenergy(go)outasheat.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Theonlythingsheknewwasthatthecashinthatenvelope(belong)tosomeoneelse.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Thescientificliteratureevaluatingthesetechniques(stretch)backdecadesandacrossthousandsofarticles.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Itwasthefirsttimeshe(leave)hermotherland.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hadleft【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是她第一次离开祖国。“Itwas+第几次+thatsb.haddonesth.”表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，为固定结构，故本空用leave“离开”的过去完成时形式hadleft。故填hadleft。8．I(intend)tosayhellotoLinda,butshegotintohercaranddroveoffbeforeIcouldsayaword.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Twoyearsago,sheboughtanexpensivebikeandthenshe(persuade)metobuyone.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．It(bother)metothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.(所给词的适当形式填空)（2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I34(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup35(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest36(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.（2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When37(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect38(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China39(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate34theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn’tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowar