新课程大学英语 II 3 Unit 7 Time Text A

Pre-readingWhile-readingAfter-readingTextAHowtoLiveonTwenty-fourHoursaDayUnit72.Warm-upQuestion3.

Watchamovie1.SayingsandquotationsTextA:Pre-readingPre-readingTimeismoney.时间就是金钱;一寸光阴一寸金Thereisnotimelikethepresent.现在正是时候;把握目前的时机Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.今日事，今日毕Tomorrownevercomes.明天无尽头，明日何其多Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不待人Seize

the

day,

for

fleeting

youth

never

returns.

光阴勿虚度，青春不再来1.SayingsandQuotationsaboutTimeTimetriestruth.时间检验真理Timeisthefatheroftruth.

时间是真理之父Timewilltell.时间能说明问题Timetriesall.时间检验一切Timetriesfriendsasfiretriesgold.时间考验朋友，烈火考验黄金Timeisafilethatwearsandmakesnonoise.光阴如锉，细磨无声HowtoManageYourTime?Thesedays,timeseemstobeatapremium.Wehavedevicesthatkeepusconstantlyconnectedwithwork,withfriendsandfamily,andsometimesevenwithcompletestrangers.Asaresult,it'seasytogetdistracted.Ifyou'relikemostofus,youhavealottoaccomplish.Workinpairsandbrainstormsomewaystomanageyourtimeeffectively.Pre-reading2.Warm-upQuestionForyourreferenceHowtoManageYourTimeSteps:1.Makealistofthetasksyouneedtoaccomplish.

Butbeforeyoucanmanageyourtime,youneedtoknowwhatitisyoumustmanage.Alistoftasks,fromthemundanetothecritical,willhelpyougetahandleonwhatneedstogetdone.2.Balanceyoureffort.

Workonsmallportionseverydayofworkthatwillbeduebytheendoftheweek,startingwiththemostimportanttasksfirst.Dotoday'stasks.ConcentrateOnwhatisathand,donotallowyourselftolosefocus.Thenmoveontothenextdailytask.Oncetoday'stasksarecompleted,markthemassuch,andproceedtotomorrow'stasks.Whentomorrow'stasksarecomplete,workontheothertasksduebytheendoftheweek,andwhenthosearecomplete,workonthetasksdueearlynextweek.Asmallportionofeachisbetterthanonehuge,laborioustaskandwillkeepyourtimemanagedmoreefficientlyandreducestressandeliminateburn-out.Makeoneofyourfinaldailytasksthecompletionof

tomorrow's

tasklist.Eachdayshouldbeendedwithanewtasksheetfortomorrowtokeepyouontrack.3.Focusonyourmostproductivetimeofday.

Somepeopleworkbetterinthemorning,andsomearemorefocusedintheevening.4.Managetimeinincrements.

Playagamewithyourselfbycompetingagainsttheclock.Workinfifteenminute,halfhourorhourintervals,scientificallyitisknownthat45minutesworkfollowedbya10minutesrestisthebestfortheaveragestudier.Giveyourselfatimegoaltocompleteaportionofataskortheentiretask.5.Takeabreak.

Clearyourmindandrefreshyourselftorefocus.Decidebeforehandona5,10or15minutebreakandsticktothatdecision.Breaksprovideincentivebygivingyousomethingtolookforwardtohaving.6.Keeptrackofyourprogress.Crossthingsoffthelistastheyarecompleted.You'llfeelmorerelievedand

relaxed

justbygettingthroughthedailytasks.Notonlywillyoubegettingthingsdone,finishingtaskswillgiveyouasenseofaccomplishmentandspurmotivation.7.Reassessthelist.

Rewriteandprioritizeyourlistonaregularbasis.Addnewtaskstothelist.Thisshouldbedoneonadailybasis,especiallywhenyouarejustgettingstartedwithatimemanagementregimen.Eliminateoradjusttasksthatarecompleted,orfallinpriority.Delegatetaskstoothers.Contrarytopopularbelief,youdon'tneedtodoitall.Youcanbemuchmoreeffectiveifyoucandelegatetasksasnecessary.Usetechnologytocompletetasksmorequickly,efficientlyoraccurately.Today'smobiletechnologyfeaturesdozens,ifnothundredsofappsthatwillhelpyoumanage—andevenaccomplish—yourtasksefficiently.8.Leavetimeforfun.

Whiletherearetimeswhenwejustneedtopowerthroughalargeproject,it'simportanttogiveyourselftimetoletloose.Notonlywillitrefreshyourmind,it'sgoodforyourbody,too.Itdoesn'thavetobealotoftimebutmakesurethatyoudo!9.Sleepfor7-8hourseverynight.

Gettingtheproperamountofsleepwillhelpkeepyoualertandenergetic,abletothinkclearly,andfunctionatahighlevel.

TheTimeTraveler’sWife3.Watchamovieanddiscusswhatyoucanlearnfromit.Pre-readingPre-readingTheTimeTraveler'sWife

isa2009American

romanticdrama

filmbasedon

AudreyNiffenegger's2003

novelofthesamename.Directedby

RobertSchwentke,thefilmstars

EricBana

asHenryDeTamble,aChicagolibrarianwithaparanormalgeneticdisorderthatcauseshimto

timetravelrandomlyashetriestobuildaromanticrelationshipwithClareAbshire,playedby

RachelMcAdams,whowouldbecomehiswife.While-reading：Text

HowtoLiveonTwenty-fourHoursaDayWhile-reading：TextHowtoLiveonTwenty-fourHoursaDay

1“Yes,he’soneofthosementhatdon’tknowhowtomanage.Goodsituation.Regularincome.Quiteenoughforluxuriesaswellasneeds.Notyetextravagant.Andyetthefellow’salwaysindifficulties.Somehowhegetsnothingoutofhismoney.Excellentflat—halfempty!Newsuit—oldhat!Magnificenttie—baggytrousers!Asksyoutodinner:fineglass—badmutton,orTurkishcoffee—crackedcup!Hecan’tunderstandit.Explanationsimplyisthathewasteshisincomeaway.WishIhadthehalfofit!I’dshowhim—”2Somostofushavecriticizedothers,atonetimeoranother,inoursuperiorway.While-reading：Text3Newspapersarefullofarticlesexplaininghowtoliveonsuch-and-suchasum,andthesearticlesprovokearesponsewhoseviolenceprovestheinteresttheyexcite.Recently,inanewspaper,abattleragedroundthequestionofwhetherawomancanexistnicelyinthiscountryon£85ayear.Ihaveseenanessay,“Howtoliveoneightshillingsaweek.”ButIhaveneverseenanessay,“Howtoliveontwenty-fourhoursaday.”Yetithasbeensaidthattimeismoney.Thatproverb,infact,understatesthecase.Timeisagreatdealmorethanmoney.Ifyouhavetime,youcanobtainmoney—usually.Butthoughyoupossessgreatwealth,youcannotbuyyourselfaminutemoretimethanIhave,orthecatbythefirehas.While-reading：Text

4Philosophershaveexplainedspace.Theyhavenotexplainedtime.Itisinexplicable.Withit,allispossible;withoutit,nothing.Thesupplyoftimeistrulyadailymiracle,anaffairreallyastonishingwhenoneexaminesit.Youwakeupinthemorning,andlook!Yourpurseismagicallyfilledwithtwenty-fourhours!Itisyours.Itisthemostpreciousofallpossessions.Ahighlysingular

commodity,giventoyouinamannerassingularasthecommodityitself!5Noonecantakeitfromyou.Andnoonereceiveseithermoreorlessthanyoureceive.While-reading：Text

6Talkaboutanidealdemocracy!Intherealmoftimethereisnoaristocracyofwealth,andnoaristocracyofintellect.Geniusisneverrewardedbyevenanextrahouraday.Andthereisnopunishment.Wasteyourinfinitelypreciouscommodityasmuchasyouwill,andthesupplywillneverbewithheldfromyou.Timeismorecertainthanstock,andpaymentofincomeisnotaffectedbyholidays.Moreover,youcannotdrawonthefuture.Impossibletogetintodebt!Youcan’twastetomorrow;itiskeptforyou.Youcan’twastethenexthour;itiskeptforyou.7Isaidtheaffairwasamiracle.Isitnot?While-reading：Text8Youhavetoliveonthetwenty-fourhoursofdailytime.Outofityouhavetoseekhealth,pleasure,money,content,respect,andtheevolutionofyourimmortalsoul.Itsrightuse,itsmosteffectiveuse,isamatterofthehighesturgencyandofthemostthrillingactuality.Alldependsonthat.Yourhappiness—theelusiveprizethatyouareallstrivingfor,myfriends—dependsonthat.Strangethatthenewspapers,soup-to-dateastheyare,arenotfullof“Howtoliveonagivenincomeoftime”insteadof“Howtoliveonagivenincomeofmoney”!Moneyisfarcommonerthantime.Whenonereflects,oneperceivesthatmoneyisjustaboutthecommonestthingthereis.While-reading：Text9Ifonecan’tliveonacertainincomeofmoney,onecontrivestoearnalittlemore.Onedoesn’tnecessarilymuddleone’slifeifonecan’tquitemanageonathousandpoundsayear.Butifonecan’tarrangethatanincomeoftwenty-fourhoursadayshallexactlycoverallproperitemsofexpenditure,onedoesmuddleone’slifedefinitely.Thesupplyoftime,thoughgloriouslyregular,iscruellyrestricted.10Whichofuslivesontwenty-fourhoursaday?AndwhenIsay“lives”,Idonotmean“exists”,nor“muddlesthrough”.Whichofushasnotbeensayingtohimselfallhislife:“IshallalterthatwhenIhavealittlemoretime”?While-reading：Text11Weshallneverhaveanymoretime.Wehave,andwehavealwayshad,allthetimethereis.Itistherealizationofthisprofoundandneglectedtruth(which,bytheway,Ihavenotdiscoveredcompletely)thathasledmetotheminutepracticalexaminationofdailytimeexpenditure.如何度过一天的二十四小时1 “是的，他就是那种不懂得如何安排自己生活的人。他境遇良好，收入稳定，完全有能力负担日常所需和一些奢侈享受的开销。他并没有真正挥霍无度，但这家伙却总是捉襟见肘，钱不知都花到什么地方去了。优越的寓所，却几乎家徒四壁！新外套却配了顶旧帽子，高档领带却配了条松垮的裤子！请你去吃饭：用精美的玻璃盘，但装的却是劣质羊肉；或者品尝土耳其咖啡，却用有裂缝的破杯子！他不明白为什么会这样，但答案其实很简单：他把钱都浪费在不该花的地方。要是我有他一半的收入就好了！我会示范给他看钱应该怎么花——”2

我们大多数人都曾在不同的场合这样自以为是地批评过他人。

While-reading：Translation

3 报纸上充斥着教人靠多少钱如何过活的文章，许多人对这个问题极感兴趣，而这些文章便激起了他们的响应。最近，在一份报纸上，围绕这样一个问题引发了一场激烈的争论：一个女人只靠八十五英镑能否很好地过上一年。我曾看到过一篇名为《如何靠八先令度过一星期》的文章，但却未曾看到过名为《如何度过一天的二十四小时》的文章。早就有人说过：时间就是金钱。实际上，这句谚语低估了时间的价值，时间比金钱重要得多。如果你有时间，你就能获得金钱——通常来说是这样。但即便你腰缠万贯，你也无法买到比我或火炉旁的猫所拥有的哪怕是多一分钟的时间。While-reading：Translation4 哲学家曾解释过空间，但却未曾对时间做出解释——时间是无法解释的。有了时间，一切皆有可能；没有时间，一切都是空谈。时间的供给真的是一个每天都在发生的奇迹，令人越想越觉得不可思议。当你在早晨醒来时，瞧啊，你的钱包里已经神奇地装满了二十四小时！它完全属于你，是你所有财产中最珍贵的一件。它是一件独一无二的商品，其赋予你的方式也像其自身一样独特！5 没有人能从你这里夺走时间。任何人得到的时间既不会比你多，也不会比你少。While-reading：Translation

6 下面要说的是一种理想的民主状态。在时间的领域里，财富和智慧都不享有任何特权。即使是天才，他的一天也不会比别人多哪怕是一小时。这个领域里也没有惩罚这回事。即使你任意挥霍属于你的那份无比珍贵的财富，给予你的时间也不会有任何减少。时间比股票可靠得多，它的收益支付从来不受节假日的影响。此外，你还无法预支未来，因此你不可能为此而负债！你无法浪费明天，它为你保留着；你无法浪费下一个小时，它也为你保留着。7 我说这是一个奇迹,难道不对么？While-reading：Translation

8

你每天都只有这二十四小时。在此期间，你必须去找寻健康、快乐、财富、满足、尊重，并使你不朽的灵魂得以升华。如何正确且最有效地利用这段时间，应该是最亟待解决且最令人激动不已的现实问题，因为一切都取决于此。你的幸福——我的朋友们，那些你们每个人都在孜孜以求，但又最令人难以捉摸的奖赏——也取决于此。奇怪的是，各种与时俱进的报纸上充斥的都是些《怎样依靠有限的金钱生活》的报道，而不是类似《怎样依靠有限的时间生活》的文章！金钱的价值远不及时间。只要细想一下，你就会明白，金钱正是这世间最平凡无奇的事物。

While-reading：Translation9

一个人如果在一定的收入状况下无法维系生计，那他就会想尽一切办法多挣点钱。一个人如果一年一千英镑都不够花，他不一定会因此而使生活变得一团糟。但一个人如果不能将一天二十四小时恰如其分地用于正确的用途，他的生活肯定会变成一团乱麻。时间的供给尽管极为固定，但也受到严格的限制。10

我们之中有谁能一天生活二十四小时呢？我所说的“生活”，不是指单纯的“生存”，更不是指“混日子”。我们之中有谁这一生从未对自己说过“等我有多一点的时间，我会将它改变”之类的话呢？

While-reading：Translation11 我们永远不会有更多的时间。我们现在拥有的以及始终拥有的时间全在那儿了，这是一成不变的。正是对这一深奥而常被忽视的事实有所察觉，促使我去对每天的时间应用进行详细的实践验证——顺便说一下，我还未曾完全理解这一事实。While-reading：Translationluxury

/ˈlʌkʃərɪ/

1.

n.[U]

Luxury

isverygreatcomfort,especiallyamongbeautifulandexpensivesurroundings奢侈Byallaccountsheleadsalifeofconsiderableluxury.2.

n.[C]

A

luxury

issomethingexpensivewhichisnotnecessarybutwhichgivesyoupleasure.奢侈品Aweekbytheseaisaluxurytheycannolongerafford.3.

a.

A

luxury

itemissomethingexpensivewhichisnotnecessarybutwhichgivesyoupleasure.奢侈的(物品)

Hecouldnotaffordluxuryfoodonhispay.While-reading：Words&Phrases

从方方面面来讲，他都过着极为奢侈的生活。

去海边一周成了一种奢侈，他们再也负担不起。

凭他的薪水，他吃不起奢侈的食品。extravagant

/ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/

a.1)Someonewhois

extravagant

spendsmoremoneythantheycanaffordorusesmoreofsomethingthanisreasonable.

奢侈的;浪费的Wearenotextravagant;restaurantmealsarealuxuryanddesignerclothesareout.2)Somethingthatis

extravagant

costsmoremoneythanyoucanaffordorusesmoreofsomethingthanisreasonable.

贵不可及的;耗费过多的Herauntgaveheranuncharacteristicallyextravagantgift.While-reading：Words&Phrases她的姑妈给了她一件贵得离谱的礼物。我们并不浪费；餐馆用餐是一种奢侈，品牌服装也与我们无缘Wordfamily:extravagantly

adv.

奢侈地;浪费地

ThedaybeforetheyleftJeffhadshoppedextravagantlyforpresentsforthewholefamily.While-reading：Words&Phrases

他们离开的前一天杰夫已奢侈地为全家人采购了礼物。baggy

/ˈbæɡɪ/

a.

Ifapieceofclothingis

baggy,ithangslooselyonyourbody.宽松的abaggysweater.一件宽松的毛线衫While-reading：Words&Phrasesatonetimeandanother

在这样或那样的时刻；曾经

1.Most

of

us,

at

one

time

or

another,

havebeen

struckwiththe

thought

that

wemight

mistake

a

dream

for

reality,

or

reality

for

a

dream.

2.All

of

us

here

in

this

Yard,

at

one

time

or

another,

haveseen

human

tragediesthatbrokeour

hearts,

and

yet

we

did

nothing–

notbecause

wedidn’t

care,

butbecause

we

didn’t

know

what

todo.

While-reading：Words&Phrases我们中的大多数都曾经有过这么一种想法：我们可能将一个梦境误认为是现实，或者将现实误认为是梦境。此刻在这个院子里的所有人，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，感到万分伤心。

但是我们什么也没做，并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。such-and-such

adj./pron.usedtotalkaboutaparticularthing,time,amountetcwithoutsayingexactlywhatitis

某某的；如此这般的；这样那样的；某某人或事物；这样的人或事物Such-and-suchprofessor

某某教授ownsuch-andsuchproblems

这样那样的问题Iftheytellyoutoarriveatsuchandsuchatime,justgetthereacoupleofminutesearly.While-reading：Words&Phrasesliveon

(alsoliveoff)

1.

Ifyou

liveon

or

liveoff

aparticularamountofmoney,youhavethatamountofmoneytobuythings.靠(某数额的钱)过活....peopletryingtoliveon$100aweek.设法靠每周$100过日子的人们。2.

Ifyou

liveon

or

liveoff

aparticularsourceofincome,thatiswhereyougetthemoneythatyouneed.以…为收入来源靠福利生活的美国人的比例上升了。3.

Ifananimal

liveson

or

livesoff

aparticularfood,thisisthekindoffoodthatiteats.以…为主食Thefishliveontheplankton.While-reading：Words&Phrases这种鱼以浮游生物为主食。TheproportionofAmericanslivingonwelfarerose.

provoke

/prəˈvəʊk/

v.

1)Ifyou

provoke

someone,youdeliberatelyannoythemandtrytomakethembehaveaggressively.对…挑衅HestartedbeatingmewhenIwasaboutfifteenbutIdidn'tdoanythingtoprovokehim.2)Ifsomething

provokes

areaction,itcausesit.引起

他的竞选胜利已经引起了震惊的反应。

While-reading：Words&Phrases我大约十五岁时，他开始打我，但我并没有做什么招惹他的事情。Hiselectionsuccesshasprovokedashockedreaction.

cf.stimulate,provoke,aggravate,irritate这组词都有“刺激，激怒”的意思，其区别是：stimulate

刺激，一般指刺激某人对某事感兴趣provoke

刺激，指激起某人突然的情感或强烈的愤怒，以致令人作出反应。aggravate

口语用词。指因长时间的反复言行而引起不快、烦躁或恼怒。irritate

通常指因受到不愉快的刺激而失去耐性，变得烦燥或恼怒。While-reading：Words&Phrasesshilling

/ˈʃɪlɪŋ/

n.

aformerBritishandAustraliansilverorcupronickelcoinworthonetwentiethofapound:notmintedinBritainsince1970先令;英国和澳大利亚曾使用的银币或铜镍合金硬币，价值二十分之一磅，自1970年起不再铸造

(Abbreviations,sh)While-reading：Words&Phrasesproverb

/ˈprɒvɜːb/

n.

A

proverb

isashortsentencethatpeopleoftenquote,becauseitgivesadviceortellsyousomethingaboutlife.谚语AnoldArabproverbsays,"Theenemyofmyenemyismyfriend."While-reading：Words&Phrasesastheproverbgoes

有句谚语说道；俗话说

有一句古老的阿拉伯谚语说：“我敌人的敌人是我的朋友。”understate

/ˌʌndəˈsteɪt/

v.Ifyou

understate

something,youdescribeitinawaythatsuggeststhatitislessimportantorseriousthanitreallyis.不充分陈述Thegovernmentchoosesdeliberatelytounderstatetheincreaseinprices.While-reading：Words&Phrases

政府有意选择对价格的上涨轻描淡写。inexplicable

/ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbəl/

a.Ifsomethingis

inexplicable,youcannotexplainwhyithappensorwhyitistrue.无法解释的Hisbehaviourwasextraordinaryandinexplicable.Wordfamily:

inexplicably

adv.

无法解释地Shesuddenlyandinexplicablyannouncedherretirement.Synonym:unexplainable

,

incomprehensibleWhile-reading：Words&Phrases

他的行为离奇且令人费解。

她突然令人费解地宣布退休。magical

/ˈmædʒɪkəl/

a.

1)Somethingthatis

magical

seemstousemagicortobeabletoproducemagic.魔法般的thestoryofSin-Sin,alittleboywhohasmagicalpowers.

一个有魔力的小男孩辛辛的故事2)Youcansaythataplaceorobjectis

magical

whenithasaspecialmysteriousqualitythatmakesitseemwonderfulandexciting.神奇的ThebeautifulislandofBermudaisamagicalplacetogetmarried.While-reading：Words&Phrases

美丽的百慕大岛是缔结良缘的神奇之地。Wordfamily:magically

adv.

魔法般地

DuringtheholidayseasonthetownismagicallytransformedintoaChristmaswonderland.While-reading：Words&Phrases

在节日期间该镇魔法般地变成了圣诞仙境。singular

/ˈsɪŋɡjʊlə/

a.

The

singular

formofawordistheformthatisusedwhenreferringtoonepersonorthing.(名词)单数的thefifteencaseendingsofthesingularformoftheFinnishnoun.

芬兰语名词单数形式的15种格结尾。While-reading：Words&Phrasescommodity

/kəˈmɒdɪtɪ/

n.

A

commodity

issomethingthatissoldformoney.商品

[商业]Priceswentuponseveralbasiccommoditieslikebreadandmeat.Collocations:While-reading：Words&Phrasescommodityinspection

商品检验commodityeconomy

商品经济commodityprice

商品价格commoditymarket

商品市场commodityexchange

商品交易所commodityinspectionbureau

商品检验局commoditycirculation

商品流通

面包、肉等几种基本商品的价格上涨了。bulkcommodity

大宗商品，散装货物fakecommodity

假货commodityfair

商品展览会；物资交流会commoditycode

商品编码commoditytax

货物税；商品税purchasecommodity

购货；购进商品commoditystocks

库存商品；商品库存While-reading：Words&PhrasesCf.commodity,merchandise,ware,freight,goods这组词都有“商品，货物”的意思，其区别是：commodity

作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。merchandise

正式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。ware

指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。freight

指“货物”时，可与goods互换，此系美国英语。在英国，freight志指船装货物。goods

一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。While-reading：Words&Phrasesdemocracy

/dɪˈmɒkrəsɪ/

n.1.

Democracy

isasystemofgovernmentinwhichpeoplechoosetheirrulersbyvotingfortheminelections.民主政体ThespreadofdemocracyinEasternEuropeappearstohavehadnegativeaswellaspositiveconsequences.2.

A

democracy

isacountryinwhichthepeoplechoosetheirgovernmentbyvotingforit.民主国家Thenewdemocraciesfacetoughchallenges.Wordfamily:

democratica.

民主的；民主政治的；大众的democratically

adv.民主地；民主主义地While-reading：Words&Phrases东欧民主政体的蔓延看来既有消极也有积极的影响。新生的民主国家面临严峻的挑战。realm

/rɛlm/

n.

1)Youcanuse

realm

torefertoanyareaofactivity,interest,orthought.(活动、兴趣、思想的)领域

therealmofpolitics2)A

realm

isacountrythathasakingorqueen.王国

Defenceoftherealmiscrucial.While-reading：Words&Phrasesintherealmof

在……领域里政治领域

王国的防御是至关重要的。aristocracy

/ˌærɪˈstɒkrəsɪ/

n.Thearistocracy

isaclassofpeopleinsomecountrieswhohaveahighsocialrankandspecialtitles.贵族阶级memberofthearistocracy.

贵族阶级中的一员。While-reading：Words&Phrasesintellect

/ˈɪntɪˌlɛkt/

n.

Intellect

istheabilitytounderstandordealwithideasandinformation.智力；理解力；才智非凡的人Dotheemotionsdevelopinparallelwiththeintellect?Wordfamily：

adj.

intellectual

智力的；聪明的；理智的intelligent

智能的；聪明的；理解力强的intelligible

可理解的；明了的；仅能用智力了解的

n.

intellectual

知识分子

intelligence

智力；情报工作While-reading：Words&Phrases情感与智力同步发展吗？intellect,wit,wisdom,mind,brain,intelligence这组词都有“智力，智慧”的意思，其区别是：intellect

侧重不受感情或意志左右的冷静思考或领悟能力。wit

指先天的才能、智力、意识等，隐含小聪明意味。wisdom

较文雅，也可指明智的言行。mind

使用广泛，无褒贬之意。强调诸如认识、记忆、思考、决定等的智慧功能。brain

(多用复数brains)强调理解能力和独立的或者首创性的思维能力。intelligence

指处理或对付问题或情况的特殊才智；也指运用、展开智慧的能力。While-reading：Words&Phraseswithhold

/wɪðˈhəʊld/

vt.Ifyou

withhold

somethingthatsomeonewants,youdonotletthemhaveit.拒绝给

[正式]Policewithheldthedeadboy'snameyesterdayuntilrelativescouldbetold.While-reading：Words&Phrases

警察昨天拒绝在通知亲属前透露死去男孩的名字。While-reading：Words&Phrasesdrawon

Ifyou

drawon

or

drawupon

somethingsuchasyourskillorexperience,youmakeuseofitinordertodosomething.利用Hedrewonhisexperienceasayachtsmantomakeadocumentaryprogramme.他利用当过游艇驾驶员的经历来制作纪录片。immortal

/ɪˈmɔːtəl/

1)a.

Someoneorsomethingthatis

immortal

isfamousandlikelytoberememberedforalongtime.不朽的WutheringHeights,EmilyBronte'simmortallovestory.《呼啸山庄》，埃米莉·勃朗特不朽的爱情小说。2)

a.

Someoneorsomethingthatis

immortal

willliveorlastforeverandneverdieorbedestroyed.不死的Thepharaohs,afterall,wereconsideredgodsandthereforeimmortal.3)

n.

An

immortal

issomeonewhowillberememberedforalongtime.不朽人物While-reading：Words&Phrases法老毕竟被当作神，因而长生不死。Wordfamily:

immortality

n.

不朽,永生Somepeoplewanttoachieveimmortalitythroughtheirworks.While-reading：Words&Phrases

有些人想通过他们的作品万古流芳。While-reading：Words&Phrasesup-to-date

(alsouptodate)

a.1)

Ifsomethingis

up-to-date,itisthenewestthingofitskind.最新的themostup-to-dateinformationavailableonfoodstoday.今日有关食品的最新消息。Webservicesarealwaysup-to-dateandavailable.2)Ifyouare

up-to-date

aboutsomething,youhavethelatestinformationaboutit.掌握最新信息的We'llkeepyouuptodatewithanynews.网络服务总是最新的且随时可用。我们将让你了解最新消息。

modern,present,up-to-date,contemporary,current,recent这组词都有“现代的，当代的”的意思，其区别是：modern

指现代或近代，时期可长可短。也可指新颖、时髦的。present

是这些词中语气最强的一个。指现在正发生、起作用的。up-to-date

一般用于非正式场合，指很时新、能反映当前的最新发展。contemporary

仅指当今这个时代，不涉及任何过去的时代。但可表示不同的人或物存在于同一时代。current

指目前存在和发生的。recent

表示新近的，最近的，时间的长短依据所修饰的人或物而定。While-reading：Words&Phrases

contrive

/kənˈtraɪv/

vt.Ifyou

contrive

aneventorsituation,yousucceedinmakingithappen,oftenbytrickingsomeone.(常指用欺骗手段)策划

Theoilcompanieswereaccusedofcontrivingashortageofpetroltojustifypriceincreases.While-reading：Words&Phrases

一些石油公司为了找借口提高油价而策划谎报石油短缺，因而被起诉。muddle

/ˈmʌdəl/

vt./n.1)Ifpeopleorthingsare

ina

muddle,theyareinastateofconfusionordisorder.混乱Mythoughtsareallinamuddle.2)Ifyou

muddle

thingsorpeople,yougetthemmixedup,sothatyoudonotknowwhichiswhich.混淆Already,oneortwocriticshavebeguntomuddlethetwonames.While-reading：Words&Phrases

我的思维一片混乱。

已经有一两个评论家开始混淆这两个名字了。3)PHRASALVERB

Muddleup

meansthesameas.混淆Thequestionmuddlesupthreeseparateissues.While-reading：Words&Phrasesmuddlethrough

终于应付过去；混过去muddlealong

得过且过，混日子

该问题把3件互不相干的事情混淆了。expenditure

/ɪkˈspɛndɪtʃə/

n.

thespendingofmoneyonsomething,orthemoneythatisspentonsomething.花销;支出

[正式]Policiesoftaxreductionmustleadtoreducedpublicexpenditure.While-reading：Words&Phrasesrevenueandexpenditure

收支publicexpenditure

市政开支；公用事业费用energyexpenditure

能量消耗governmentexpenditure

政府支出，政府开支consumptionexpenditure

消费支出

减税政策必然导致公共开支减少。glorious

/ˈɡlɔːrɪəs/

a.1)verybeautifulandimpressive.壮丽的agloriousrainbowintheair

2)Ifyoudescribesomethingas

glorious,youareemphasizingthatitiswonderfulanditmakesyoufeelveryhappy.极好的

Thewinrevivedgloriousmemoriesofhischampionship-winningdays.3)A

glorious

career,victory,oroccasioninvolvesgreatfameorsuccess.辉煌的Harrisonhadagloriouscareerspanningmorethansixdecades.Wordfamily:gloriously

adv.

壮丽地,极好地While-reading：Words&Phrases空中一道壮丽的彩虹

这次获胜勾起了他对那些夺冠岁月的美好记忆。magnificent,gorgeous,glori